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Alterations of the Sympathoadrenal Axis Related to the Development of Alzheimer’s Disease in the 3xTg Mouse Model. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040511. [PMID: 35453710 PMCID: PMC9027376 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is becoming a global health problem and public health priority. In the advanced stages of AD, besides the initial cognitive symptoms, behavioral problems, particularly agitation and aggressiveness, become prevalent in AD patients. These non-cognitive symptoms could be related to alterations in the regulatory mechanism of the sympathetic nervous system. In this study, we used chromaffin cells (CCs) isolated from the adrenal gland of 3xTg (an AD mouse model) mice to characterize potential alterations in the regulation of the responses to stress mediated by the secretion of catecholamines. We compared these regulatory mechanisms in mice at two different ages: in 2-month-old mice, where no AD symptoms were observed, and in mice over 12 months of age, when AD-related cognitive impairment related was fully established. We found that the modulation of neurotransmitter release was stronger in CCs isolated from the adrenal medulla of 3xTg mice older than 12 months of age, an effect likely related to disease progression as it was not observed in CCs from age-matched wild-type (WT) mice. This enhanced modulation leads to an increased catecholamine release in response to stressful situations, which may explain the non-cognitive behavioral problems found in AD patients. Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is becoming a global health problem and public health priority. In the advanced stages of AD, besides the initial cognitive symptoms, behavioral problems, particularly agitation and aggressiveness, become prevalent in AD patients. These non-cognitive symptoms could be related to a noradrenergic overactivation. In this study, we used chromaffin cells (CCs) isolated from the adrenal gland of 3xTg AD model mice to characterize potential alterations in the autocrine-paracrine modulation of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), which in turn serve to regulate the release of catecholamines. We used mice at the presymptomatic stage (2 months) and mice over 12 months of age, when AD-related cognitive impairment was fully established. We found that the modulation of inward currents through VDCCs induced by extracellular ATP was stronger in CCs isolated from the adrenal medulla of 3xTg mice older than 12 months of age, an effect likely related to disease progression as it was not observed in CCs from age-matched WT mice. This enhanced modulation leads to increased catecholamine release in response to stressful situations, which may explain the non-cognitive behavioral problems found in AD patients.
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de Pascual R, Calzaferri F, Gonzalo PC, Serrano-Nieto R, de los Ríos C, García AG, Gandía L. Novel Purine Derivative ITH15004 Facilitates Exocytosis through a Mitochondrial Calcium-Mediated Mechanism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:440. [PMID: 35008868 PMCID: PMC8745631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon depolarization of chromaffin cells (CCs), a prompt release of catecholamines occurs. This event is triggered by a subplasmalemmal high-Ca2+ microdomain (HCMD) generated by Ca2+ entry through nearby voltage-activated calcium channels. HCMD is efficiently cleared by local mitochondria that avidly take up Ca2+ through their uniporter (MICU), then released back to the cytosol through mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (MNCX). We found that newly synthesized derivative ITH15004 facilitated the release of catecholamines triggered from high K+-depolarized bovine CCs. Such effect seemed to be due to regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ circulation because: (i) FCCP-potentiated secretory responses decay was prevented by ITH15004; (ii) combination of FCCP and ITH15004 exerted additive secretion potentiation; (iii) such additive potentiation was dissipated by the MICU blocker ruthenium red (RR) or the MNCX blocker CGP37157 (CGP); (iv) combination of FCCP and ITH15004 produced both additive augmentation of cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]c) K+-challenged BCCs, and (v) non-inactivated [Ca2+]c transient when exposed to RR or CGP. On pharmacological grounds, data suggest that ITH15004 facilitates exocytosis by acting on mitochondria-controlled Ca2+ handling during K+ depolarization. These observations clearly show that ITH15004 is a novel pharmacological tool to study the role of mitochondria in the regulation of the bioenergetics and exocytosis in excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Pascual
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.-N.); (C.d.l.R.); (A.G.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesco Calzaferri
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.-N.); (C.d.l.R.); (A.G.G.)
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM—UMR5247, CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, CEDEX 5, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Paula C. Gonzalo
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.-N.); (C.d.l.R.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Rubén Serrano-Nieto
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.-N.); (C.d.l.R.); (A.G.G.)
| | - Cristóbal de los Ríos
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.-N.); (C.d.l.R.); (A.G.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Campus de Alcorcon, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Avda. Atenas s/n, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
| | - Antonio G. García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.-N.); (C.d.l.R.); (A.G.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Parque Científico de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Gandía
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando and Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Arzobispo Morcillo, 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (R.d.P.); (F.C.); (P.C.G.); (R.S.-N.); (C.d.l.R.); (A.G.G.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, C/Diego de León, 62, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Vavřínová A, Behuliak M, Vaněčková I, Zicha J. The abnormalities of adrenomedullary hormonal system in genetic hypertension: Their contribution to altered regulation of blood pressure. Physiol Res 2021; 70:307-326. [PMID: 33982588 PMCID: PMC8820560 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that sympathetic nervous system plays a crucial role in the development of hypertension. On the other hand, the role of adrenal medulla (the adrenomedullary component of the sympathoadrenal system) in the development and maintenance of high blood pressure in man as well as in experimental models of hypertension is still controversial. Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are the most widely used animal model of human essential hypertension characterized by sympathetic hyperactivity. However, the persistence of moderately elevated blood pressure in SHR subjected to sympathectomy neonatally as well as the resistance of adult SHR to the treatment by sympatholytic drugs suggests that other factors (including enhanced activity of the adrenomedullary hormonal system) are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension of SHR. This review describes abnormalities in adrenomedullary hormonal system of SHR rats starting with the hyperactivity of brain centers regulating sympathetic outflow, through the exaggerated activation of sympathoadrenal preganglionic neurons, to the local changes in chromaffin cells of adrenal medulla. All the above alterations might contribute to the enhanced release of epinephrine and/or norepinephrine from adrenal medulla. Special attention is paid to the alterations in the expression of genes involved in catecholamine biosynthesis, storage, release, reuptake, degradation and adrenergic receptors in chromaffin cells of SHR. The contribution of the adrenomedullary hormonal system to the development and maintenance of hypertension as well as its importance during stressful conditions is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vavřínová
- Laboratory of Experimental Hypertension, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Huang L, Chu Y, Huang X, Ma S, Lin K, Huang K, Sun H, Yang Z. Association between gene polymorphisms of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels and hypertension in the Dai people of China: a case-control study. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2020; 21:44. [PMID: 32111194 PMCID: PMC7049211 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-020-0982-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal calcium homeostasis related to the development of hypertension. As the key regulator of intracellular calcium concentration, voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), the variations in these genes may have important effects on the development of hypertension. Here we evaluate VDCCs variability with respect to hypertension in the Dai ethnic group of China. METHODS A total of 1034 samples from Dai individuals were collected, of which 495 were used as cases, and 539 were used as controls. Blood pressure was measured using a standard mercury measurement method, three times with a rest for 5 min, and the average was used for analyses. Seventeen single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the four protein-coding genes (CACNA1A, CACNA1C, CACNA1S, CACNB2) of VDCCs were identified by multiplex PCR-SNP typing technique. Chi-square tests and regression models were used to analyse the associations of SNPs with hypertension. RESULTS The results of chi-square tests showed that the allele frequencies of 5 SNPs were significantly different between the case and the control groups (P < 0.05), but the statistical significance was lost after Bonferroni's correction. However, after adjusting for BMI, age, sex and other factors by logistic regression analyses, the results showed that 5 SNPs consistent with chi-square tests (rs2365293, rs17539088, rs16917217, rs61839222 and rs10425859) were still statistically positive. CONCLUSIONS This finding suggested that the significant association of these SNPs with hypertension may be noteworthy in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifan Huang
- Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Chu
- Department of General Surgery of the 2nd People Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Shaohui Ma
- Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Keqin Lin
- Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- Institute of Medical Biology Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China.
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L-type calcium channels in exocytosis and endocytosis of chromaffin cells. Pflugers Arch 2017; 470:53-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2064-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Caricati-Neto A, García AG, Bergantin LB. Pharmacological implications of the Ca(2+)/cAMP signaling interaction: from risk for antihypertensive therapy to potential beneficial for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00181. [PMID: 26516591 PMCID: PMC4618650 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discussed pharmacological implications of the Ca2+/cAMP signaling interaction in the antihypertensive and neurological/psychiatric disorders therapies. Since 1975, several clinical studies have reported that acute and chronic administration of L-type voltage-activated Ca2+ channels (VACCs) blockers, such as nifedipine, produces reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and arterial pressure associated with an increase in plasma noradrenaline levels and heart rate, typical of sympathetic hyperactivity. Despite this sympathetic hyperactivity has been initially attributed to adjust reflex of arterial pressure, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this apparent sympathomimetic effect of the L-type VACCs blockers remained unclear for decades. In addition, experimental studies using isolated tissues richly innervated by sympathetic nerves (to exclude the influence of adjusting reflex) showed that neurogenic responses were completely inhibited by L-type VACCs blockers in concentrations above 1 μmol/L, but paradoxically potentiated in concentrations below 1 μmol/L. During almost four decades, these enigmatic phenomena remained unclear. In 2013, we discovered that this paradoxical increase in sympathetic activity produced by L-type VACCs blocker is due to interaction of the Ca2+/cAMP signaling pathways. Then, the pharmacological manipulation of the Ca2+/cAMP interaction produced by combination of the L-type VACCs blockers used in the antihypertensive therapy, and cAMP accumulating compounds used in the antidepressive therapy, could represent a potential cardiovascular risk for hypertensive patients due to increase in sympathetic hyperactivity. In contrast, this pharmacological manipulation could be a new therapeutic strategy for increasing neurotransmission in psychiatric disorders, and producing neuroprotection in the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Caricati-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando de I+D del Medicamento, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Bueno Bergantin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina São Paulo, Brazil
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Rodrigues JQD, da Silva ED, de Magalhães Galvão K, Miranda-Ferreira R, Caricati-Neto A, Jurkiewicz NH, Garcia AG, Jurkiewicz A. Differential regulation of atrial contraction by P1 and P2 purinoceptors in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertens Res 2013; 37:210-9. [PMID: 24285249 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2013.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the normotensive rat atrium, adenosine-5'-triphosphate and uridine-5'-triphosphate exert a biphasic effect consisting of an initial negative inotropic effect (NIE) followed by a subsequent positive inotropic effect (PIE). We comparatively studied these responses in normotensive Wistar rats (NWRs) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Compared with NWRs, the NIE responses in the atria were lower and the PIE responses were higher in SHRs. The P1 purinoceptor antagonist, D 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine, partially blocked the NIE responses of both ATP and UTP and mildly enhanced the PIE responses in both NWRs and SHRs. Furthermore, the P2 purinoceptor blockers suramin and pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid tetrasodium salt induced a pronounced block of the PIE responses in both atria types. The PIE responses to ATP were inhibited more efficiently by nifedipine. These responses were depressed by ryanodine and, to a lesser extent, carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone in SHR atria compared with NWR atria. The higher responses in SHR rats suggest the existence of an augmented endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) store and faster mitochondrial Ca(2+) cycling in SHR atria compared with NWR atria. These data support the hypothesis that a dysfunction of purinergic neurotransmission and enhanced sympathetic activity are contributing factors in the pathogenesis of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Afonso Caricati-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Antônio G Garcia
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aron Jurkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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