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Liu Z, Sun M, Liu W, Feng F, Li X, Jin C, Zhang Y, Wang J. Deficiency of purinergic P2X4 receptor alleviates experimental autoimmune hepatitis in mice. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116033. [PMID: 38301964 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Purinergic P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties in infection, inflammation, and organ damage including liver regeneration and fibrosis. However, the mechanisms and pathophysiology associated with P2X4R during acute liver injury remain unknown. We used P2X4R-/- mice to explore the role of P2X4R in three different models of acute liver injury caused by concanavalin A (ConA), carbon tetrachloride, and acetaminophen. ConA treatment results in an increased expression of P2X4R in the liver of mice, which was positively correlated with higher levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the serum. However, P2X4R gene ablation significantly reduced the severity of acute hepatitis in mice caused by ConA, but not by carbon tetrachloride or acetaminophen. The protective benefits against immune-mediated acute hepatitis were achieved via modulating inflammation (Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase), apoptosis markers (Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3), autophagy biomarkers (LC3, Beclin-1, and p62), and nucleotide oligomerization domain-likereceptorprotein 3(NLRP3) inflammasome-activated pyroptosis markers (NLRP3, Gasdermin D, Caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β). Additionally, administration of P2X4R antagonist (5-BDBD) or agonist (cytidine 5'-triphosphate) either improved or worsened ConA-induced autoimmune hepatitis, respectively. This study is the first to reveal that the absence of the P2X4 receptor may mitigate immune-mediated liver damage, potentially by restraining inflammation, oxidation, and programmed cell death mechanisms. And highlight P2X4 receptor is essential for ConA-induced acute hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejin Liu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Mengyang Sun
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Fangyu Feng
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Chaolei Jin
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China
| | - Junpeng Wang
- Infection and Immunity Institute and Translational Medical Center of Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng 475000, China.
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Yang M, Feng Y, Yan S, Wu Z, Xiao X, Sang J, Ye S, Liu F, Cui W. Evans Blue Might Produce Pathologically Activated Neuroprotective Effects via the Inhibition of the P2X4R/p38 Signaling Pathway. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:293-307. [PMID: 32382851 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The main pathological features of ischemic stroke include neuronal damage and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction. Previous studies have shown that Evans Blue, a dye used to probe BBB integrity, could enter the brain only during the pathological status of ischemic stroke, indicating the potential pathologically activated therapeutic use of this chemical to treat ischemic stroke. In this study, we have reported that Evans Blue could produce in vitro neuroprotective effects against iodoacetic acid (IAA)-induced hypoxia neuronal death in HT22 cells. We further found that P2X purinoreceptor 4 (P2X4R), a subtype of ATP-gated cation channel, was expressed in HT22 cells. Evans Blue could prevent IAA-induced increase of P2X4R mRNA and protein expression. Interestingly, shRNA of P2X4R could protect against IAA-induced activation of p38, and SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38, could reverse IAA-induced neurotoxicity, indicating that p38 is a downstream signaling molecule of P2X4R. Molecular docking analysis further demonstrated the possible interaction between Evans Blue and the ATP binding site of P2X4R. Most importantly, pre-treatment of Evans Blue could largely reduce neurological and behavioral abnormity, and decrease brain infarct volume in middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO) rats. All these results strongly suggested that Evans Blue could exert neuroprotective effects via inhibiting the P2X4R/p38 pathway, possibly by acting on the ATP binding site of P2X4R, indicating that Evans Blue might be further developed as a pathologically activated therapeutic drug against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxiang Yang
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Sicheng Yan
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhuoying Wu
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jingcheng Sang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Shazhou Ye
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fufeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology of Education, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Translational Medicine Center of Pain, Emotion and Cognition, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China.
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Zhang WJ, Luo HL, Zhu ZM. The role of P2X4 receptors in chronic pain: A potential pharmacological target. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110447. [PMID: 32887026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a common symptom of most clinical diseases, which seriously affects the psychosomatic health of patients and brings some pain to patients. Due to its pathological mechanism is very complicated and the treatment of chronic pain has always been a difficult problem in clinical. Normally, drugs are usually used to relieve pain, but the analgesic effect is not good, especially for cancer pain patients, the analgesic effect is poor. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis and treatment of chronic pain has aroused the interest of many researchers. A large number of studies have shown that the role of ATP and P2X4 receptor (P2X4R) play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic pain. P2X4R is dependent on ATP ligand-gated ion channel receptor, which can be activated by ATP and plays an important role in the information transmission of nerve system and the formation of pain. Therefore, in this paper, we comprehensively described the structure and biological functions of P2X4R, and outlined behavioral evaluation methods of chronic pain models. Moreover, we also explored the inherent relationship between P2X4R and chronic pain, and described the therapeutic effect of P2X4R antagonist on chronic pain, and provided some valuable help for the treatment of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| | - Hong-Liang Luo
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, 343000, China.
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Zhang WJ, Zhu ZM, Liu ZX. The role of P2X4 receptor in neuropathic pain and its pharmacological properties. Pharmacol Res 2020; 158:104875. [PMID: 32407956 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NPP) is a common symptom of most diseases in clinic, which seriously affects the mental health of patients and brings certain pain to patients. Due to its pathological mechanism is very complicated, and thus, its treatment has been one of the challenges in the field of medicine. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis and treatment approach of NPP has aroused the interest of many researchers. ATP is an important energy information substance, which participates in the signal transmission in the body. The P2 × 4 receptor (P2 × 4R) is dependent on ATP ligand-gated cationic channel receptor, which can be activated by ATP and plays an important role in the transmission of information in the nervous system and the formation of pain. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the structure and function of the P2 × 4R gene. We also discuss the pathogenesis of NPP and the intrinsic relationship between P2 × 4R and NPP. Moreover, we explore the pharmacological properties of P2 × 4R antagonists or inhibitors used as targeted therapies for NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
| | - Zheng-Ming Zhu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China.
| | - Zeng-Xu Liu
- Basic Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang City, Jiangxi province, 343000, China
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Dong H, Tang B, Jiang Y, Mittal RK. Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger 1 is a key mechanosensitive molecule of the esophageal myenteric neurons. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13223. [PMID: 30466198 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our earlier studies showed that mechanical stretch activates inhibitory motor neurons of the oesophagus; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. Here, we sought to examine if Na+ /Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) is responsible for the mechanosensitivity in the esophageal myenteric neurons (EMN) of rats and humans. METHODS The function of NCX1 in primary culture of neurons was determined using calcium imaging, and mechanosensitivity was tested using osmotic stretch and direct mechanical stretch. Axial stretch-induced relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) was also studied in vivo in rats. RESULTS The expression and co-localization of NCX1 with nNOS were identified in the EMN from both rats and humans. The extracellular Ca2+ entry caused by ATP through purinergic signalling in the rat EMN was significantly inhibited by selective NCX blockers. Removal of extracellular Na+ to activate the Ca2+ entry mode of NCX1 induced an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium ([Ca2+ ]cyt ), which was attenuated by NCX blockers. Osmotic stretch and mechanical stretch-induced [Ca2+ ]cyt signalling in the rat and human EMN were attenuated by NCX blockers as well as specific NCX1 knockdown. Osmotic stretch and mechanical stretch also induced [Ca2+ ]cyt signalling in the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with NCX1 over-expression, which was attenuated by NCX blockers. Finally, NCX blockade inhibited axial stretch-activated LES relaxation in vivo experiments in the rats. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate a novel NCX1/Ca2+ pathway in the mechanosensitive neurons of rat and human oesophagus, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of oesophageal motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital Third Military Meical University Chongqing China
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego California
- San Diego VA Healthcare System San Diego California
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital Third Military Meical University Chongqing China
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego California
- San Diego VA Healthcare System San Diego California
| | - Yanfen Jiang
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego California
- San Diego VA Healthcare System San Diego California
| | - Ravinder K. Mittal
- Department of Medicine University of California San Diego California
- San Diego VA Healthcare System San Diego California
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Méndez-Barredo LH, Rodríguez-Meléndez JG, Gómez-Coronado KS, Guerrero-Alba R, Valdez-Morales EE, Espinosa-Luna R, Barajas-Espinosa A, Barajas-López C. Physiological Concentrations of Zinc Have Dual Effects on P2X Myenteric Receptors of Guinea Pig. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1439-1449. [PMID: 30109516 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0612-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We, hereby, characterize the pharmacological effects of physiological concentrations of Zinc on native myenteric P2X receptors from guinea-pig small intestine and on P2X2 isoforms present in most myenteric neurons. This is the first study describing opposite effects of Zinc on these P2X receptors. It was not possible to determine whether both effects were concentration dependent, yet the inhibitory effect was mediated by competitive antagonism and was concentration dependent. The potentiating effect appears to be mediated by allosteric changes induced by Zinc on P2X myenteric channels, which is more frequently observed in myenteric neurons with low zinc concentrations. In P2X2-1 and P2X2-2 variants, the inhibitory effect is more common than in P2X myenteric channels. However, in the variants, the potentiatory effect is of equal magnitude as the inhibitory effect. Inhibitory and potentiatory effects are likely mediated by different binding sites that appear to be present on both P2X2 variants. In conclusion, in myenteric native P2X receptors, Zinc has quantitatively different pharmacological effects compared to those observed on homomeric channels: P2X2-1 and P2X2-2. Potentiatory and inhibitory Zinc effects upon these receptors are mediated by two different binding sites. All our data suggest that myenteric P2X receptors have a more complex pharmacology than those of the recombinant P2X2 receptors, which is likely related to other subunits known to be expressed in myenteric neurons. Because these dual effects occur at Zinc physiological concentrations, we suggest that they could be involved in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana H Méndez-Barredo
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, CP78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Jessica G Rodríguez-Meléndez
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, CP78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Karen S Gómez-Coronado
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, CP78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Raquel Guerrero-Alba
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Eduardo E Valdez-Morales
- Cátedra CONACyT, Departamento de Cirugía, Centro de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Ags, Mexico
| | - Rosa Espinosa-Luna
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, CP78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Alma Barajas-Espinosa
- Cátedra CONACyT, Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Carlos Barajas-López
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, CP78216, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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King BF. Purinergic signalling in the enteric nervous system (An overview of current perspectives). Auton Neurosci 2015; 191:141-7. [PMID: 26049261 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Purinergic Signalling in the Enteric Nervous System involves the regulated release of ATP (or a structurally-related nucleotide) which activates an extensive suite of membrane-inserted receptors (P2X and P2Y subtypes) on a variety of cell types in the gastrointestinal tract. P2X receptors are gated ion-channels permeable to sodium, potassium and calcium. They depolarise cells, act as a pathway for calcium influx to activate calcium-dependent processes and initiate gene transcription, interact at a molecular level as a form of self-regulation with lipids within the cell wall (e.g. PIP2) and cross-react with other membrane-inserted receptors to regulate their activity (e.g. nAChRs). P2Y receptors are metabotropic receptors that couple to G-proteins. They may release calcium ions from intracellular stores to activate calcium-dependent processes, but also may activate calcium-independent signalling pathways and influence gene transcription. Originally ATP was a candidate only for NANC neurotransmission, for inhibitory motoneurons supplying the muscularis externa of the gastrointestinal tract and bringing about the fast IJP. Purinergic signalling later included neuron-neuron signalling in the ENS, via the production of either fast or slow EPSPs. Later still, purinergic signalling included the neuro-epithelial synapse-for efferent signalling to epithelia cells participating in secretion and absorption, and afferent signalling for chemoreception and mechanoreception at the surface of the mucosa. Many aspects of purinergic signalling have since been addressed in a series of highly-focussed and authoritative reviews. In this overview however, the current focus is on key aspects of purinergic signalling where there remains uncertainty and ambiguity, with the view to stimulating further research in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian F King
- University College London (UCL), Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology (NPP), Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, Hampstead, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom.
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Expression of P2X3 and P2X5 Myenteric Receptors Varies During the Intestinal Postnatal Development in the Guinea Pig. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2014; 34:727-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-014-0055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Saul A, Hausmann R, Kless A, Nicke A. Heteromeric assembly of P2X subunits. Front Cell Neurosci 2013; 7:250. [PMID: 24391538 PMCID: PMC3866589 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2013.00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcripts and/or proteins of P2X receptor (P2XR) subunits have been found in virtually all mammalian tissues. Generally more than one of the seven known P2X subunits have been identified in a given cell type. Six of the seven cloned P2X subunits can efficiently form functional homotrimeric ion channels in recombinant expression systems. This is in contrast to other ligand-gated ion channel families, such as the Cys-loop or glutamate receptors, where homomeric assemblies seem to represent the exception rather than the rule. P2XR mediated responses recorded from native tissues rarely match exactly the biophysical and pharmacological properties of heterologously expressed homomeric P2XRs. Heterotrimerization of P2X subunits is likely to account for this observed diversity. While the existence of heterotrimeric P2X2/3Rs and their role in physiological processes is well established, the composition of most other P2XR heteromers and/or the interplay between distinct trimeric receptor complexes in native tissues is not clear. After a description of P2XR assembly and the structure of the intersubunit ATP-binding site, this review summarizes the distribution of P2XR subunits in selected mammalian cell types and the biochemically and/or functionally characterized heteromeric P2XRs that have been observed upon heterologous co-expression of P2XR subunits. We further provide examples where the postulated heteromeric P2XRs have been suggested to occur in native tissues and an overview of the currently available pharmacological tools that have been used to discriminate between homo- and heteromeric P2XRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anika Saul
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Hausmann
- Molecular Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University Aachen, Germany
| | - Achim Kless
- Department of Discovery Informatics, Grünenthal GmbH, Global Drug Discovery Aachen, Germany
| | - Annette Nicke
- Department of Molecular Biology of Neuronal Signals, Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine Göttingen, Germany
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