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Tallo FS, de Santana PO, Pinto SAG, Lima RY, de Araújo EA, Tavares JGP, Pires-Oliveira M, Nicolau LAD, Medeiros JVR, Taha MO, David AI, Luna-Filho B, Filho CEB, Barbosa AHP, Silva CMC, Wanderley AG, Caixeta A, Caricati-Neto A, Menezes-Rodrigues FS. Pharmacological Modulation of the Ca 2+/cAMP/Adenosine Signaling in Cardiac Cells as a New Cardioprotective Strategy to Reduce Severe Arrhythmias in Myocardial Infarction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1473. [PMID: 37895945 PMCID: PMC10610028 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and is characterized by severe and fatal arrhythmias induced by cardiac ischemia/reperfusion (CIR). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these arrhythmias are still little understood. To investigate the cardioprotective role of the cardiac Ca2+/cAMP/adenosine signaling pathway in AMI, L-type Ca2+ channels (LTCC) were blocked with either nifedipine (NIF) or verapamil (VER), with or without A1-adenosine (ADO), receptors (A1R), antagonist (DPCPX), or cAMP efflux blocker probenecid (PROB), and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias (VA), atrioventricular block (AVB), and lethality (LET) induced by CIR in rats was evaluated. VA, AVB and LET incidences were evaluated by ECG analysis and compared between control (CIR group) and intravenously treated 5 min before CIR with NIF 1, 10, and 30 mg/kg and VER 1 mg/kg in the presence or absence of PROB 100 mg/kg or DPCPX 100 µg/kg. The serum levels of cardiac injury biomarkers total creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB were quantified. Both NIF and VER treatment were able to attenuate cardiac arrhythmias caused by CIR; however, these antiarrhythmic effects were abolished by pretreatment with PROB and DPCPX. The total serum CK and CK-MB were similar in all groups. These results indicate that the pharmacological modulation of Ca2+/cAMP/ADO in cardiac cells by means of attenuation of Ca2+ influx via LTCC and the activation of A1R by endogenous ADO could be a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce the incidence of severe and fatal arrhythmias caused by AMI in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Sabia Tallo
- Department of Urgency and Emergency Care, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Oliveira de Santana
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil; (P.O.d.S.); (S.A.G.P.); (R.Y.L.); (E.A.d.A.); (B.L.-F.); (C.E.B.F.); (A.H.P.B.); (C.M.C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Sandra Augusta Gordinho Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil; (P.O.d.S.); (S.A.G.P.); (R.Y.L.); (E.A.d.A.); (B.L.-F.); (C.E.B.F.); (A.H.P.B.); (C.M.C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Rildo Yamaguti Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil; (P.O.d.S.); (S.A.G.P.); (R.Y.L.); (E.A.d.A.); (B.L.-F.); (C.E.B.F.); (A.H.P.B.); (C.M.C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Erisvaldo Amarante de Araújo
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil; (P.O.d.S.); (S.A.G.P.); (R.Y.L.); (E.A.d.A.); (B.L.-F.); (C.E.B.F.); (A.H.P.B.); (C.M.C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - José Gustavo Padrão Tavares
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil; (J.G.P.T.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Marcelo Pires-Oliveira
- União Metropolitana de Educação e Cultura—School of Medicine (UNIME), Lauro de Freitas 42700-000, BA, Brazil;
| | - Lucas Antonio Duarte Nicolau
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (L.A.D.N.); (J.V.R.M.)
| | - Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba (UFDPar), Parnaíba 64202-020, PI, Brazil; (L.A.D.N.); (J.V.R.M.)
| | - Murched Omar Taha
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (M.O.T.); (A.I.D.)
| | - André Ibrahim David
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (M.O.T.); (A.I.D.)
| | - Bráulio Luna-Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil; (P.O.d.S.); (S.A.G.P.); (R.Y.L.); (E.A.d.A.); (B.L.-F.); (C.E.B.F.); (A.H.P.B.); (C.M.C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Carlos Eduardo Braga Filho
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil; (P.O.d.S.); (S.A.G.P.); (R.Y.L.); (E.A.d.A.); (B.L.-F.); (C.E.B.F.); (A.H.P.B.); (C.M.C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Adriano Henrique Pereira Barbosa
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil; (P.O.d.S.); (S.A.G.P.); (R.Y.L.); (E.A.d.A.); (B.L.-F.); (C.E.B.F.); (A.H.P.B.); (C.M.C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Célia Maria Camelo Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil; (P.O.d.S.); (S.A.G.P.); (R.Y.L.); (E.A.d.A.); (B.L.-F.); (C.E.B.F.); (A.H.P.B.); (C.M.C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Adriano Caixeta
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil; (P.O.d.S.); (S.A.G.P.); (R.Y.L.); (E.A.d.A.); (B.L.-F.); (C.E.B.F.); (A.H.P.B.); (C.M.C.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Afonso Caricati-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-062, SP, Brazil; (J.G.P.T.); (A.C.-N.)
| | - Francisco Sandro Menezes-Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Cardiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04024-000, SP, Brazil; (P.O.d.S.); (S.A.G.P.); (R.Y.L.); (E.A.d.A.); (B.L.-F.); (C.E.B.F.); (A.H.P.B.); (C.M.C.S.); (A.C.)
- Department of Surgery, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04023-900, SP, Brazil; (M.O.T.); (A.I.D.)
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Özerman-Edis B, Nurten A, Kara İ. Blockage of Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels Affects Twitch Response of Rat Skeletal Muscle. NEUROCHEM J+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712421020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Bernareggi A, Ren E, Giniatullin A, Luin E, Sciancalepore M, Giniatullin R, Lorenzon P. Adenosine Promotes Endplate nAChR Channel Activity in Adult Mouse Skeletal Muscle Fibers via Low Affinity P1 Receptors. Neuroscience 2018; 383:1-11. [PMID: 29733889 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine is a powerful modulator of skeletal neuromuscular transmission, operating via inhibitory or facilitatory purinergic-type P1 receptors. To date, studies have been focused mainly on the effect of adenosine on presynaptic P1 receptors controlling transmitter release. In this study, using two-microelectrode voltage-clamp and single-channel patch-clamp recording techniques, we have explored potential postsynaptic targets of adenosine and their modulatory effect on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-mediated synaptic responses in adult mouse skeletal muscle fibers in vitro. In the whole-mount neuromuscular junction (NMJ) preparation, adenosine (100 μM) significantly reduced the frequency of the miniature endplate currents (MEPCs) and slowed their rising and decay time. Consistent with a postsynaptic site of action, adenosine and the potent P1 receptor agonist NECA significantly increased the open probability, the frequency and the open time of single nAChR channels, recorded at the endplate region. Using specific ligands for the P1 receptor subtypes, we found that the low-affinity P1 receptor subtype A2B was responsible for mediating the effects of adenosine on the nAChR channel openings. Our data suggest that at the adult mammalian NMJ, adenosine acts not only presynaptically to modulate acetylcholine transmitter release, but also at the postsynaptic level, to enhance the activity of nAChRs. Our findings open a new scenario in understanding of purinergic regulation of nAChR activity at the mammalian endplate region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bernareggi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elisa Ren
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Elisa Luin
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marina Sciancalepore
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy
| | - Rashid Giniatullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia; A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paola Lorenzon
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; B.R.A.I.N., Centre for Neuroscience, Trieste, Italy
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The Ca 2+ influx through the mammalian skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor is irrelevant for muscle performance. Nat Commun 2017; 8:475. [PMID: 28883413 PMCID: PMC5589907 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00629-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle excitation-contraction (EC) coupling is initiated by sarcolemmal depolarization, which is translated into a conformational change of the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR), which in turn activates sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release to trigger muscle contraction. During EC coupling, the mammalian DHPR embraces functional duality, as voltage sensor and L-type Ca2+ channel. Although its unique role as voltage sensor for conformational EC coupling is firmly established, the conventional function as Ca2+ channel is still enigmatic. Here we show that Ca2+ influx via DHPR is not necessary for muscle performance by generating a knock-in mouse where DHPR-mediated Ca2+ influx is eliminated. Homozygous knock-in mice display SR Ca2+ release, locomotor activity, motor coordination, muscle strength and susceptibility to fatigue comparable to wild-type controls, without any compensatory regulation of multiple key proteins of the EC coupling machinery and Ca2+ homeostasis. These findings support the hypothesis that the DHPR-mediated Ca2+ influx in mammalian skeletal muscle is an evolutionary remnant.In mammalian skeletal muscle, the DHPR functions as a voltage sensor to trigger muscle contraction and as a Ca2+ channel. Here the authors show that mice where Ca2+ influx through the DHPR is eliminated display no difference in skeletal muscle function, suggesting that the Ca2+ influx through this channel is vestigial.
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Ca2+ -regulated lysosome fusion mediates angiotensin II-induced lipid raft clustering in mesenteric endothelial cells. Hypertens Res 2016; 39:227-36. [PMID: 26763850 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2015.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that intracellular Ca2+ is involved in lysosome fusion and membrane repair in skeletal cells. Given that angiotensin II (Ang II) elicits an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and that lysosome fusion is a crucial mediator of lipid raft (LR) clustering, we hypothesized that Ang II induces lysosome fusion and activates LR formation in rat mesenteric endothelial cells (MECs). We found that Ang II acutely increased intracellular Ca2+ content, an effect that was inhibited by the extracellular Ca2+ chelator ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid (EGTA) and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca2+ release inhibitor 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB). Further study showed that EGTA almost completely blocked Ang II-induced lysosome fusion, the translocation of acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) to LR clusters, ASMase activation and NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase activation. In contrast, 2-APB had a slight inhibitory effect. Functionally, both the lysosome inhibitor bafilomycin A1 and the ASMase inhibitor amitriptyline reversed Ang II-induced impairment of vasodilation. We conclude that Ca2+ -regulated lysosome fusion mediates the Ang II-induced regulation of the LR-redox signaling pathway and mesenteric endothelial dysfunction.
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Bernareggi A, Luin E, Pavan B, Parato G, Sciancalepore M, Urbani R, Lorenzon P. Adenosine enhances acetylcholine receptor channel openings and intracellular calcium 'spiking' in mouse skeletal myotubes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2015; 214:467-80. [PMID: 25683861 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The autocrine activity of the embryonic isoform of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is crucial for the correct differentiation and trophism of skeletal muscle cells before innervation. The functional activity of extracellular adenosine and adenosine receptor subtypes expressed in differentiating myotubes is still unknown. In this study, we performed a detailed analysis of the role of adenosine receptor-mediated effects on the autocrine-mediated nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel openings and the associated spontaneous intracellular calcium 'spikes' generated in differentiating mouse myotubes in vitro. METHODS Cell-attached patch-clamp recordings and intracellular calcium imaging experiments were performed in contracting myotubes derived from mouse satellite cells. RESULTS The endogenous extracellular adenosine and the adenosine receptor-mediated activity modulated the properties of the embryonic isoform of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in myotubes in vitro, by increasing the mean open time and the open probability of the ion channel, and sustaining nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-driven intracellular [Ca(2+) ]i 'spikes'. The pharmacological characterization of the adenosine receptor-mediated effects suggested a prevalent involvement of the A2B adenosine receptor subtype. CONCLUSION We propose that the interplay between endogenous adenosine and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors represents a potential novel strategy to improve differentiation/regeneration of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bernareggi
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; via A. Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
- B.R.A.I.N. Centre for Neuroscience; via Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
| | - E. Luin
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; via A. Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
- B.R.A.I.N. Centre for Neuroscience; via Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
| | - B. Pavan
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology; University of Ferrara; Via L. Borsari 46 Ferrara I-44121 Italy
| | - G. Parato
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; via A. Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
- B.R.A.I.N. Centre for Neuroscience; via Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
| | - M. Sciancalepore
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; via A. Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
- B.R.A.I.N. Centre for Neuroscience; via Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
| | - R. Urbani
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; via A. Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
| | - P. Lorenzon
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Trieste; via A. Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
- B.R.A.I.N. Centre for Neuroscience; via Fleming 22 Trieste I-34127 Italy
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Maia MON, Dantas CG, Xavier Filho L, Cândido EAF, Gomes MZ. The Effect ofAlpinia zerumbetEssential Oil on Post-Stroke Muscle Spasticity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2015; 118:58-62. [DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Camila Gomes Dantas
- Tiradentes University; Aracaju/SE Brazil
- Research and Technology Institute (ITP); Aracaju/SE Brazil
| | - Lauro Xavier Filho
- Tiradentes University; Aracaju/SE Brazil
- Research and Technology Institute (ITP); Aracaju/SE Brazil
| | | | - Margarete Zanardo Gomes
- Tiradentes University; Aracaju/SE Brazil
- Research and Technology Institute (ITP); Aracaju/SE Brazil
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Kusama K, Yoshie M, Tamura K, Imakawa K, Isaka K, Tachikawa E. Regulatory Action of Calcium Ion on Cyclic AMP-Enhanced Expression of Implantation-Related Factors in Human Endometrial Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132017. [PMID: 26161798 PMCID: PMC4498924 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decidualization of human endometrial stroma and gland development is mediated through cyclic AMP (cAMP), but the role of intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) on cAMP mediated-signaling in human endometrial stroma and glandular epithelia has not been well-characterized. The present study was designed to investigate the role of intracellular Ca2+ on cAMP mediated-decidualization and gland maturation events, which can be identified by the up-regulation of prolactin and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)1 in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs), and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and glandular epithelial EM-1 cells. Increases in decidual prolactin and IGFBP-1 transcript levels, induced by cAMP-elevating agents forskolin or dibutyryl cyclic AMP, were inhibited by Ca2+ influx into ESCs with Ca2+ ionophores (alamethicin, ionomycin) in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, inhibitors of Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC), nifedipine and verapamil, enhanced the decidual gene expression. Furthermore, dantrolene, an inhibitor of Ca2+ release from the intracellular Ca2+ store, up-regulated prolactin and IGFBP-1 expression. Ca2+ ionophores decreased intracellular cAMP concentrations, whereas nifedipine, verapamil or dantrolene increased cAMP concentrations in ESCs. In glandular epithelial cells, similar responses in COX2 expression and PGE2 production were found when intracellular cAMP levels were up-regulated by decreases in Ca2+ concentrations. Thus, a marked decrease in cytosolic Ca2+ levels caused the elevation of cAMP concentrations, resulting in enhanced expression of implantation-related factors including decidual markers. These findings suggest that fluctuation in cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations alters intracellular cAMP levels, which then regulate differentiation of endometrial stromal and glandular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kusama
- Department of Endocrine and Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Animal Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113–8657, Japan
| | - Mikihiro Yoshie
- Department of Endocrine and Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (MY)
| | - Kazuhiro Tamura
- Department of Endocrine and Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
- * E-mail: (KT); (MY)
| | - Kazuhiko Imakawa
- Laboratory of Theriogenology and Animal Breeding, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113–8657, Japan
| | - Keiichi Isaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Tokyo, 160–0023, Japan
| | - Eiichi Tachikawa
- Department of Endocrine and Neural Pharmacology, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192–0392, Japan
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Godinho RO, Duarte T, Pacini ESA. New perspectives in signaling mediated by receptors coupled to stimulatory G protein: the emerging significance of cAMP efflux and extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:58. [PMID: 25859216 PMCID: PMC4373373 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) linked to stimulatory G (Gs) proteins (GsPCRs) mediate increases in intracellular cyclic AMP as consequence of activation of nine adenylyl cyclases , which differ considerably in their cellular distribution and activation mechanisms. Once produced, cyclic AMP may act via distinct intracellular signaling effectors such as protein kinase A and the exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epacs). More recently, attention has been focused on the efflux of cAMP through a specific transport system named multidrug resistance proteins that belongs to the ATP-binding cassette transporter superfamily. Outside the cell, cAMP is metabolized into adenosine, which is able to activate four distinct subtypes of adenosine receptors, members of the GPCR family: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Taking into account that this phenomenon occurs in numerous cell types, as consequence of GsPCR activation and increment in intracellular cAMP levels, in this review, we will discuss the impact of cAMP efflux and the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway on the regulation of GsPCR-induced cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosely O Godinho
- Disciplina Farmacologia Celular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago Duarte
- Disciplina Farmacologia Celular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Enio S A Pacini
- Disciplina Farmacologia Celular, Departamento de Farmacologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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