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Tavakoli K, Sidhu S, Saseendrakumar BR, Weinreb RN, Baxter SL. Long Term Systemic Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Incidence of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma. Ophthalmol Glaucoma 2024:S2589-4196(24)00098-X. [PMID: 38901799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ogla.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the association between the systemic use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using a diverse nationwide dataset. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study SUBJECTS: 213,424 individuals aged 40 years and older in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) All of Us dataset, notable for its demographic, geographic and medical diversity and inclusion of historically underrepresented populations. Patients with a diagnosis of POAG prior to use of any kind of anti-hypertensive medication were excluded. METHODS Bivariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to evaluate associations between CCB use and POAG. CCB use was further divided into exposure to dihydropyridine CCBs and non-dihydropyridine CCBs, and subgroup analyses were performed using Chi-square and Fisher's tests. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Diagnosis of POAG RESULTS: Within our cohort, 2,772 participants (1.3%) acquired a diagnosis of POAG, while 210,652 (98.7%) did not. Among patients who developed POAG, the mean age was 73.3 years, 52.5% were female, and 48.2% identified as White. Among POAG patients, 32.6% used one or more CCB, 28.2% used a dihydropyridine CCB, and 2.2% used a non-dihydropyridine CCB. In bivariate analysis, use of any CCBs was associated with an increased risk of POAG (OR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.27-1.31, p<0.001). In multivariable analysis adjusting for age, gender, race, ethnicity, and comorbidities such as diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, use of any CCBs remained associated with an increased risk of developing POAG (OR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.33-1.74, p<0.001). When stratified by type of CCB, the use of dihydropyridine CCBs (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.14-1.50, p<0.001) was associated with increased POAG risk. CONCLUSIONS Use of dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing POAG, both before and while adjusting for demographic factors and comorbid medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Tavakoli
- Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sophia Sidhu
- Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Bharanidharan Radha Saseendrakumar
- Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Robert N Weinreb
- Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Sally L Baxter
- Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science and Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology and Shiley Eye Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA.
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Zhang Y, Zhao Z, Ma Q, Li K, Zhao X, Jia Z. Association between dietary calcium, potassium, and magnesium consumption and glaucoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292883. [PMID: 37851631 PMCID: PMC10584168 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) may be involved in the occurrence and development of glaucoma by influencing the retinal oxidative stress and regulate blood pressure. However, epidemiological opinions on dietary intake of macroelement related to glaucoma are inconsistent. Herein, this study aims to explore the association between dietary Ca, K, and Mg consumption and glaucoma. METHODS Data of 7,042 adults aged ≥40 years old who received the glaucoma examinations were extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database from 2005 to 2008 in this cross-sectional study. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to explore the association between dietary Ca, K, and Mg intake and glaucoma with the odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We also investigated this relationship in individuals of different age, with/without hypertension and visual field defect (VFD). RESULTS There were 502 (8.11%) participants had glaucoma. After adjusted for covariables, we found that enough dietary Ca consumption was related to a decreased risk of glaucoma [OR = 0.59, 95%CI: (0.42-0.81)], whether in persons with/without hypertension (all P<0.05). In particular, dietary K intake may be a potential protect factor for glaucoma in non-hypertension populations [OR = 0.47, 95%CI: (0.22-0.99), P = 0.049]. Additionally, hypertension/non-hypertension persons who aged <65 years old or with/without VFD should all pay attention to the enough dietary supplement of Ca, K, and Mg according to their own circumstances. CONCLUSION Enough dietary Ca, K, and Mg consumption may be potential protect factors of glaucoma that could provide some dietary reference for developing targeted glaucoma prevention and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Zhao
- Department of ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Qingmin Ma
- Department of ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Kejun Li
- Department of ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Zhao
- Department of ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
| | - Zhiyang Jia
- Department of ophthalmology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, P.R. China
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Wang HN, Qian WJ, Zhao GL, Li F, Miao YY, Lei B, Sun XH, Wang ZF. L- and T-type Ca 2+ channels dichotomously contribute to retinal ganglion cell injury in experimental glaucoma. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1570-1577. [PMID: 36571364 PMCID: PMC10075096 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell apoptotic death is the main pathological characteristic of glaucoma, which is the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis plays an important role in glaucoma. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channel blockers have been shown to improve vision in patients with glaucoma. However, whether and how voltage-gated Ca2+ channels are involved in retinal ganglion cell apoptotic death are largely unknown. In this study, we found that total Ca2+ current densities in retinal ganglion cells were reduced in a rat model of chronic ocular hypertension experimental glaucoma, as determined by whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings. Further analysis showed that L-type Ca2+ currents were downregulated while T-type Ca2+ currents were upregulated at the later stage of glaucoma. Western blot assay and immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that expression of the CaV1.2 subunit of L-type Ca2+ channels was reduced and expression of the CaV3.3 subunit of T-type Ca2+ channels was increased in retinas of the chronic ocular hypertension model. Soluble tumor necrosis factor-α, an important inflammatory factor, inhibited the L-type Ca2+ current of isolated retinal ganglion cells from control rats and enhanced the T-type Ca2+ current. These changes were blocked by the tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitor XPro1595, indicating that both types of Ca2+ currents may be mediated by soluble tumor necrosis factor-α. The intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway mediate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α. TUNEL assays revealed that mibefradil, a T-type calcium channel blocker, reduced the number of apoptotic retinal ganglion cells in the rat model of chronic ocular hypertension. These results suggest that T-type Ca2+ channels are involved in disrupted Ca2+ homeostasis and apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma, and application of T-type Ca2+ channel blockers, especially a specific CaV3.3 blocker, may be a potential strategy for the treatment of glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Jing Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Li Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan-Ying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Institutes of Neuroscience and Third Affiliated Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xing-Huai Sun
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhong-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wörn M, Lämmer R, Lucio M, Michalke B, Rühl E, Hohberger B. The influence of trace elements on the therapeutic success of suprachoroidal draining devices. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 78:127195. [PMID: 37207415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The therapeutic success of minimal invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) is challenging due to many factors including fibrotic or occlusive events. Recent clinical data show sudden peaks of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the postoperative care of glaucoma patients after suprachoroidal draining stents. Yet, the reasons for the IOP peaks are speculative. As a link between trace elements and fibrosis had been previously observed in systemic disorders, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of trace elements on the therapeutic success of the suprachoroidal draining stents in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG). MATERIAL AND METHODS An analysis of a prospective single-center study was done: fifty-five eyes of patients with OAG (29 female, 26 male) underwent Cypass Micro-Stent implantation either as a stand-alone procedure or combined with cataract surgery. All patients underwent pre-operatively an ophthalmological examination which included slit lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. Functional and morphometric data were assessed by Octopus G1-perimetry, which included measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (Spectralis OCT). Data of the patients' follow-ups were recorded during 18 months post-operatively. The therapeutic success of CyPass Micro-Stent was classified as 'success' (IOP reduction ≥20% compared to a pre-operative baseline without any medication), 'qualified success' (IOP reduction ≥20 % with same or lower additional eye medication), and 'failure' (IOP reduction ≤20 % or additional surgical treatment necessary). Aqueous humour was extracted once during surgery for analysis of the level of 14 trace elements: Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Phosphorus (P), Lead (Pb), Titanium (Ti), Uranium (U), Vanadium (V), and Zinc (Zn). Analysis of the trace elements was done using an ELEMENT 2, ICP-sf-MS instrument (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany). Analysis of levels of trace elements was done across the patients' groups of the three subclasses of therapeutic success. Statistical investigations for substantial differences were conducted using the method of least squares to fit general linear models and mixed models. The last one for the repeated measurements of IOP. RESULTS Levels of Mg were significantly lower one month postoperatively in the success group (LS-Mean 1.30 mg/L) compared to the qualified success group (LS-Mean 1.22 mg/L; p-value = 0.04). Fe was significantly increased in the failure group (LS-Mean 2.07 µg/L) compared to the qualified success group (LS-Mean 1.64 µg/L; p-value = 0.019) after 3 months of follow-up. Additionally, Fe levels were significantly lower in the success group (LS-Mean 1.47 µg/L) compared to the failure cohort (LS-Mean 2.07 µg/L; p-value = 0.009). After a period of 18 months, significantly higher levels of Mn were observed in the success group (LS-Mean 1.24 µg/L) than in the failure group (LS Mean 0.30 µg/L, p-value = 0.019). CONCLUSION The present data might suggest that trace elements can influence therapeutic success of suprachoroidal draining devices postoperatively and thus offer first hints for potential novel therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Wörn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Lämmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marianna Lucio
- BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Michalke
- BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva Rühl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bettina Hohberger
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Naudin L, Raison-Aubry L, Buhry L. A general pattern of non-spiking neuron dynamics under the effect of potassium and calcium channel modifications. J Comput Neurosci 2023; 51:173-186. [PMID: 36371576 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-022-00840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Electrical activity of excitable cells results from ion exchanges through cell membranes, so that genetic or epigenetic changes in genes encoding ion channels are likely to affect neuronal electrical signaling throughout the brain. There is a large literature on the effect of variations in ion channels on the dynamics of spiking neurons that represent the main type of neurons found in the vertebrate nervous systems. Nevertheless, non-spiking neurons are also ubiquitous in many nervous tissues and play a critical role in the processing of some sensory systems. To our knowledge, however, how conductance variations affect the dynamics of non-spiking neurons has never been assessed. Based on experimental observations reported in the biological literature and on mathematical considerations, we first propose a phenotypic classification of non-spiking neurons. Then, we determine a general pattern of the phenotypic evolution of non-spiking neurons as a function of changes in calcium and potassium conductances. Furthermore, we study the homeostatic compensatory mechanisms of ion channels in a well-posed non-spiking retinal cone model. We show that there is a restricted range of ion conductance values for which the behavior and phenotype of the neuron are maintained. Finally, we discuss the implications of the phenotypic changes of individual cells at the level of neuronal network functioning of the C. elegans worm and the retina, which are two non-spiking nervous tissues composed of neurons with various phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïs Naudin
- Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| | - Laetitia Raison-Aubry
- Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Laure Buhry
- Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications, CNRS, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
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Awwad MA, Masoud M, Elhadad MA. Quantitative OCT Angiography Assessment of the Effect of Peribulbar Anesthesia on Retinal Microvasculature in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery. Clin Ophthalmol 2022; 16:2011-2024. [PMID: 35757020 PMCID: PMC9231634 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s369969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the effect of peribulbar anesthesia on retinal microvasculature in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients undergoing cataract surgery using OCT Angiography. Participants Forty-nine patients undergoing cataract surgery were divided into two groups. Group I included patients with no history of glaucoma, while group II included patients previously diagnosed as POAG with controlled IOP. Each participant received 6 mL of peribulbar anesthetic injection of 4 mL lidocaine 2% containing 150 IU hyaluronidase and 2 mL bupivacaine 0.5%. They were scanned with the OCT-A 10 minutes before and 10 minutes after injection for foveal deep (DCP), superficial (SCP) capillary plexuses density and total vessel density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ) diameter, optic disc total vessel density, and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network density. In addition, IOP was checked before and 10 minutes after injection. Results Median percent change in DCP post-injection was significantly greater in group II (−43%) than in group I (−2.5%) (P < 0.001). Also, DCP total density median percent change post-injection was significantly higher in group II (−21%) than in group I (−0.9%) (P < 0.001). Foveal SCP vessel density and total vessel density median percent change post-injection were −62.6% and −16.2%, respectively, in group II and were −2.6% and −1.1%, respectively, in group I, which are statistically significant (P < 0.001). The FAZ diameter median percentage change post-injection was higher in group II (40.6%) than in group I (2.5%) (P < 0.001). Optic disc total vessel density and radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network density post-injection median percent change were significantly higher in group II (−13.6%) and (−13.1%) respectively than in group I (−1.1%) and (−1.25%) respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion Peribulbar anesthesia harbors a deleterious ischemic effect on the retinal vascular tree of glaucoma patients, which could harmfully affect the vision and the visual field in those vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Awwad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Benha University Hospital, Benha, Qualubia, Egypt
- Correspondence: Mohamed A Awwad, Department of Ophthalmology, Benha University Hospital, Benha, Qualubia, Egypt, Tel +20 1017014208, Email ;
| | - Mohamed Masoud
- Department of Ophthalmology, Benha University Hospital, Benha, Qualubia, Egypt
| | - Mona Ahmed Elhadad
- Department of Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care, Benha University Hospital, Benha, Qualubia, Egypt
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Tang D, Liu X, Chen J. Mitoquinone intravitreal injection ameliorates retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats involving SIRT1/Notch1/NADPH axis. Drug Dev Res 2022; 83:800-810. [PMID: 35014081 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) is an important pathological process of many ocular diseases. Mitoquinone (MitoQ), a mitochondrial targeted antioxidant, is a potential compound for therapeutic development of RIRI. This study observed the effect of MitoQ on RIRI, and further explored its possible molecular mechanism. Temporary increase in intraocular pressure was used to establish rat model of RIRI to observe the effect of MitoQ treatment on retinal function, pathological injury, oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect expressions of cleaved caspase 3, B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 associated X (Bax), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX1), NOX4, cleaved-Notch 1, hairy and enhancer of split 1 (Hes1), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1) in retina were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. MitoQ treatment significantly improved retinal function and pathological injury, inhibited the over-production of reactive oxygen species, increased the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD 1), suppressed the releases of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibited retinal cells apoptosis. MitoQ also down-regulated the expressions of cleaved caspase 3, Bax, NOX 1, NOX 4, cleaved-Notch 1, and Hes 1, increased the expression of SIRT 1 protein and its activity. These effects were significantly reversed by SIRT1 inhibitor EX527. Our data suggests that MitoQ, as a potentially effective drug for improving RIRI, may act through the SIRT1/Notch1/NADPH signal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyong Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Clinical College, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
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Influence of Trace Elements on Neurodegenerative Diseases of The Eye-The Glaucoma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094323. [PMID: 33919241 PMCID: PMC8122456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of chronic neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a relatively selective, progressive damage to the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons, which leads to axon loss and visual field alterations. To date, many studies have shown the role of various elements, mainly metals, in maintaining the balance of prooxidative and antioxidative processes, regulation of fluid and ion flow through cell membranes of the ocular tissues. Based on the earlier and current research results, their relationship with the development and progression of glaucoma seems obvious and is increasingly appreciated. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current evidence on the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis and prevention of glaucomatous diseases. Special attention is also paid to the genetic background associated with glaucoma-related abnormalities of physiological processes that regulate or involve the ions of elements considered as trace elements necessary for the functioning of the cells.
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Plummer CE, Bras D, Grozdanic S, Komáromy AM, McLellan G, Miller P, Sapienza JS, Teixeira L, Webb T. Prophylactic anti-glaucoma therapy in dogs with primary glaucoma: A practitioner survey of current medical protocols. Vet Ophthalmol 2020; 24 Suppl 1:96-108. [PMID: 32920915 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the use of prophylactic anti-glaucoma medications in the normotensive fellow eye in dogs with unilateral overt primary glaucoma by veterinary ophthalmology clinicians. METHODS A survey of veterinary ophthalmology clinicians was distributed over two international list serves servicing veterinary ophthalmologists, trainees, and individuals whose practice consisted primarily of ophthalmic patients. The survey was developed following analysis of historical and currently available medical options for control of intraocular pressure and for neuroprotection. RESULTS Responses from 199 veterinary ophthalmology clinicians were evaluated. While a large variety of topical anti-hypertensive drugs and protocols were used, the most commonly used medications were aqueous humor production suppressors such as dorzolamide 2.0% ophthalmic solution, timolol 0.5% ophthalmic solution, and a combination product containing both drugs. Latanoprost 0.005% ophthalmic solution was used infrequently for prophylaxis by comparison. The majority of respondents do not use concurrent anti-inflammatory medications (61.22%), although a sizeable minority used prednisolone acetate, dexamethasone, or ketorolac as prophylactic treatment. Systemically administered ocular anti-hypertensive agents were rarely used. Only 40% of respondents used neuroprotectant agents; the most commonly prescribed were the calcium channel blocker amlodipine and the nutraceutical Ocu-Glo™. Recommended intervals between re-examination by the clinician ranged from one month to one year, with most re-evaluations occurring every 3 to 6 months. The majority of respondents recommended more frequent assessments of IOP at intervals between once monthly and once every 3 months. CONCLUSIONS Data analysis of medical therapy for the normotensive fellow eye of dogs previously diagnosed with primary glaucoma suggests that there is a great need for well-designed, prospective, controlled, multi-center studies to determine which protocols have the greatest efficacy in delaying an overt attack in the previously normotensive eye in dogs with a genetic predisposition to glaucoma. Prospective studies utilizing a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor such as dorzolamide and a prostaglandin analogue such as latanoprost would be reasonable as these two drugs are widely used in the treatment of overt glaucoma and would allow for an exploration of the impact of different mechanisms of action of lowering IOP on the pathophysiology of primary glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caryn E Plummer
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dineli Bras
- Centro de Especialistas Veterinarios de Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
| | | | - András M Komáromy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Gillian McLellan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul Miller
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Leandro Teixeira
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Terah Webb
- MedVet Medical & Cancer Centers for Pets, Worthington, OH, USA
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Neuroprotective Strategies for Retinal Ganglion Cell Degeneration: Current Status and Challenges Ahead. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072262. [PMID: 32218163 PMCID: PMC7177277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the output cells of the retina into the brain. In mammals, these cells are not able to regenerate their axons after optic nerve injury, leaving the patients with optic neuropathies with permanent visual loss. An effective RGCs-directed therapy could provide a beneficial effect to prevent the progression of the disease. Axonal injury leads to the functional loss of RGCs and subsequently induces neuronal death, and axonal regeneration would be essential to restore the neuronal connectivity, and to reestablish the function of the visual system. The manipulation of several intrinsic and extrinsic factors has been proposed in order to stimulate axonal regeneration and functional repairing of axonal connections in the visual pathway. However, there is a missing point in the process since, until now, there is no therapeutic strategy directed to promote axonal regeneration of RGCs as a therapeutic approach for optic neuropathies.
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Sato K, Mochida S, Tomimoto D, Konuma T, Kiyota N, Tsuda S, Shiga Y, Omodaka K, Nakazawa T. A pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor prevents retinal cell death and improves energy metabolism in rat retinas after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Exp Eye Res 2020; 193:107997. [PMID: 32165157 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.107997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the neuroprotective effect of a pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) inhibitor, Nov3r after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury in rats. IR injury was induced by applying 150 mmHg of intraocular pressure for 50 min. Nov3r was orally administered (100 mg/kg) 3 h before and 24 h after IR injury. TUNEL-positive cells increased and immunoreactive RBPMS-positive cells decreased in the rat retinas after IR injury. Administration of Nov3r significantly ameliorated the increase in TUNEL-positive cells and prevented the RBPMS-positive cell decrease. Similarly, the number of IR-induced Iba1-positive microglial cells was significantly reduced with Nov3r treatment. Among metabolic parameters, IR damage induced the elevation of lactate and pyruvate, and the reduction of ATP. Oral administration of Nov3r ameliorated these changes. Our data suggest that the Nov3r had a retinal neuroprotective effect in IR injury in rats. This finding suggests that the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity has potential therapeutic value by enabling metabolic reprograming in diseases associated with ischemic retinal damage, such as diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, retinal vein occlusion, ischemic optic neuropathy and glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Sato
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Collaborative Program for Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Seiya Mochida
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomimoto
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Konuma
- Biological/Pharmacological Research Laboratories, Central Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Japan Tobacco Inc., 1-1 Murasaki-cho, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Kiyota
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoru Tsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Shiga
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Omodaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Collaborative Program for Ophthalmic Drug Discovery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Retinal Disease Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Advanced Ophthalmic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Ophthalmic Imaging and Information Analytics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
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12
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Pappelis K, Loiselle AR, Visser S, Jansonius NM. Association of Systemic Medication Exposure With Glaucoma Progression and Glaucoma Suspect Conversion in the Groningen Longitudinal Glaucoma Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 60:4548-4555. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.19-27984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Pappelis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Allison R. Loiselle
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Stijn Visser
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nomdo M. Jansonius
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences (Research School of Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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13
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Yaghoubi Y, Movassaghpour A, Zamani M, Talebi M, Mehdizadeh A, Yousefi M. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells derived-exosomes in diseases treatment. Life Sci 2019; 233:116733. [PMID: 31394127 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with the size of 40-100 nm in diameter and a density of 1.13-1.19 g/mL, containing proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and DNAs. Exosomes change the recipient cells biochemical features through biomolecules delivery and play a role in cellular communication. These vesicles are produced from body fluids and different cell types like mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Evidence suggests that mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosome (MSC-EXO) exhibit functions similar to MSCs with low immunogenicity and no tumorization. MSCs can also be isolated from a variety of sources including human umbilical cord (HUC). Because of the non-invasive collection method, higher proliferation and lower immunogenicity, HUCMSC-EXO has been frequently used in regenerative medicine and various diseases treatment compared to the other MSC-EXO resources. This review aimed to investigate the applications of HUCMSC-EXO in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoda Yaghoubi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AliAkbar Movassaghpour
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Majid Zamani
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Mehdizadeh
- Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Endocrine Research Center, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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14
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Nanda A, Sahoo RN, Pramanik A, Mohapatra R, Pradhan SK, Thirumurugan A, Das D, Mallick S. Drug-in-mucoadhesive type film for ocular anti-inflammatory potential of amlodipine: Effect of sulphobutyl-ether-beta-cyclodextrin on permeation and molecular docking characterization. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 172:555-564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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15
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Zheng W, Dryja TP, Wei Z, Song D, Tian H, Kahler KH, Khawaja AP. Systemic Medication Associations with Presumed Advanced or Uncontrolled Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. Ophthalmology 2018; 125:984-993. [PMID: 29433851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify associations between systemic medications and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) requiring a procedure using United States insurance claims data in a hypothesis-generating study. DESIGN Database study. PARTICIPANTS In total, 6130 POAG cases (defined as patients with POAG undergoing a glaucoma procedure) were matched to 30 650 controls (defined as patients undergoing cataract surgery but without a coded glaucoma diagnosis, procedure, or medication) by age, gender, and region of residence. METHODS Participant prescription drug use was calculated for the 5-year period before the glaucoma procedure or cataract surgery. Separately for individual generic drugs and drug classes, logistic regression was used to assess the association with POAG status. This was done across all generic drugs and drug classes that were prescribed in at least 1% of cases and controls. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, region of residence, employment status, insurance plan type, and the total number of drugs prescribed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between each drug or drug class and POAG. RESULTS The median age of participants was 72 years, and 52% were women. We tested for associations of POAG with 423 drug classes and 1763 generic drugs, resulting in a total of 2186 statistical tests and a Bonferroni-adjusted significance threshold of P < 2.3 × 10-5. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were strongly associated with a reduced risk of POAG (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.64-0.76; P = 1.0 × 10-15); the most significant drug in this class was citalopram (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.57-0.77; P = 1.2 × 10-7). Calcium channel blockers were strongly associated with an increased risk of POAG (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.18-1.35; P = 1.8 × 10-11); the most significant drug in this class was amlodipine (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.18-1.37; P = 5.9 × 10-10). CONCLUSIONS We present data documenting potential associations of SSRIs and calcium channel blockers with POAG requiring a procedure. Further research may be indicated to better evaluate any associates of serotonin metabolism or calcium channels in glaucoma, or establish whether the associations are due to variations in the patterns for prescribing these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Thaddeus P Dryja
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Haijun Tian
- Novartis Pharmaceutical Company, East Hanover, New Jersey
| | | | - Anthony P Khawaja
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, United Kingdom.
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Huang S, Huang P, Lin Z, Liu X, Xu X, Guo L, Shen X, Li C, Zhong Y. Hydrogen sulfide supplement attenuates the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in experimental glaucoma. Exp Eye Res 2018; 168:33-48. [PMID: 29326065 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a group of neurodegenerative eye diseases characterized by progressive impairment of visual function due to loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC). As hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was reported to play a role in the process of glaucomatous neuropathy and improve RGC survival in experimental glaucoma, the authors aimed to investigate the anti-apoptosis effect of H2S supplement in a rat glaucoma model, and further tried to explore the involved factors in the neuroprotection. A chronic ocular hypertension (COH) rat model induced by intracameral injection of cross-linking hydrogel was employed to simulate glaucoma and 288 rats were subjected to experimental procedures in the present study. After 4 weeks of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) administration following COH induction, the apoptosis of RGC isolated from experimented rats as well as apoptosis of neurons in ganglion cell layer (GCL), intrinsic apoptotic pathway activity, mitochondrial function, glial activation, NF-κB pathway activity, NADPH oxidase activity, autophagy activity and TNF-α level in retina were evaluated. The results showed that H2S supplement effectively attenuated the apoptosis of RGC in experimental glaucoma, and the neuroprotection by H2S might correlate with preservation of mitochondrial function, attenuation of oxidative stress, suppression of glial activation, inhibition of inflammatory pathways and downregulation of autophagy. Our study indicated that H2S supplement resulted in significant neuroprotection through attenuation of RGC apoptosis which might be linked with multiple factors in experimental glaucoma. The new therapeutic strategy might potentially contribute to benefit glaucoma treatment, which is worth further concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouyue Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjing Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changwei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisheng Zhong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Medical School, Shanghai Jiaotong University, 197 Ruijin Er Road, 200025, Shanghai, China.
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17
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Dong L, Cheng X, Zhou L, Hu Y. Calcium channels are involved in EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling‑induced apoptosis in a rat chronic ocular hypertension model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2465-2471. [PMID: 29207174 PMCID: PMC5783492 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin-producing hepatocyte receptor B (EphB)/ephrinB reverse signaling has been revealed to be activated in chronic ocular hypertension (COH) by increasing the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). However, the exact mechanism is not well understood. The present study investigated the involvement of Ca2+ channels in the apoptosis of RGCs induced by EphB/ephrinB reverse signaling in a rat CHO model, which was established by cauterizing 3 out of the 4 episcleral veins. The expression levels of four voltage-gated Ca2+ channel subunits (Cav3.1–3.3 and Cav1.2) were detected using immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. TUNEL staining was performed to assess RGC apoptosis following an injection with the T type Ca2+ channel blocker. Ca2+ channels, mainly the T type, were upregulated in COH rat retinas when compared with the sham group (P<0.01). Additionally, the Cav3.2 subunit of T type calcium channels was predominantly expressed in Müller cells and RGCs, such as ephrinB2. Furthermore, an intravitreal injection of the Ca2+ channel blocker Mibefradil (3 µM) reduced EphB2-fragment crystallizable region-induced RGC apoptosis in normal rats. Thus, the results suggest that Ca2+ channels in a COH model may be a pathway involved in ephrinB/EphB signaling-induced RGC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdan Dong
- Central Laboratory, First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Xianglin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Pathology, First People's Hospital of Jingzhou, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Yanhong Hu
- Nursing Department of Medical School of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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Systems genetics identifies a role for Cacna2d1 regulation in elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma susceptibility. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1755. [PMID: 29176626 PMCID: PMC5701146 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a multi-factorial blinding disease in which genetic factors play an important role. Elevated intraocular pressure is a highly heritable risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma and currently the only target for glaucoma therapy. Our study helps to better understand underlying genetic and molecular mechanisms that regulate intraocular pressure, and identifies a new candidate gene, Cacna2d1, that modulates intraocular pressure and a promising therapeutic, pregabalin, which binds to CACNA2D1 protein and lowers intraocular pressure significantly. Because our study utilizes a genetically diverse population of mice with known sequence variants, we are able to determine that the intraocular pressure-lowering effect of pregabalin is dependent on the Cacna2d1 haplotype. Using human genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, evidence for association of a CACNA2D1 single-nucleotide polymorphism and primary open angle glaucoma is found. Importantly, these results demonstrate that our systems genetics approach represents an efficient method to identify genetic variation that can guide the selection of therapeutic targets. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a heritable risk factor for primary open angle glaucoma. Using forward mouse genetics, cell biology, pharmacology and human genetic data, the authors identify CACNA2D1 as an IOP risk gene that can be therapeutically targeted by the drug pregabalin in animal models.
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19
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Cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors differentially modulate L- and T-type Ca 2+ channels in rat retinal ganglion cells. Neuropharmacology 2017; 124:143-156. [PMID: 28431968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid signaling system is involved in regulating multiple neuronal functions in the central nervous system by activating G-protein coupled cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors (CB1Rs and CB2Rs). Growing evidence has shown that CB1Rs and CB2Rs are extensively expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Here, modulation of L- and T-types Ca2+ channels by activating CB1Rs and CB2Rs in RGCs was investigated. Triple immunofluorescent staining showed that L-type subunit CaV1.2 was co-localized with T-type subunits (CaV3.1, CaV3.2 and CaV3.3) in rat RGCs. In acutely isolated rat RGCs, the CB1R agonist WIN55212-2 suppressed both peak and steady-state Ca2+ currents in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 being 9.6 μM and 8.4 μM, respectively. It was further shown that activation of CB1Rs by WIN55212-2 or ACEA, another CB1R agonist, significantly suppressed both L- and T-type Ca2+ currents, and shifted inactivation curve of T-type one toward hyperpolarization direction. While the effect on L-type Ca2+ channels was mediated by intracellular cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signaling pathways, only CaMKII signaling pathway was involved in the effect on T-type Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, CB65 and HU308, two specific CB2R agonists, significantly suppressed T-type Ca2+ channels, which was mediated by intracellular cAMP/PKA and CaMKII signaling pathways, but had no effect on L-type channels. These results imply that endogenous cannabinoids may modulate the excitability and the output of RGCs by differentially suppressing the activity of L- and T-type Ca2+ channels through activation of CB1Rs and CB2Rs. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "A New Dawn in Cannabinoid Neurobiology".
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20
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Maria DN, Abd-Elgawad AEH, Soliman OAE, El-Dahan MS, Jablonski MM. Nimodipine Ophthalmic Formulations for Management of Glaucoma. Pharm Res 2017; 34:809-824. [PMID: 28155073 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preparation and evaluation of topical ophthalmic formulations containing nimodipine-CD complexes prepared using HP-β-CD, SBE-β-CD and M-β-CD for the management of glaucoma. METHODS Nimodipine-CD complexes were prepared using a freeze-drying method. Two different molar ratios (NMD:CD) were used for each cyclodextrin. The inclusion complexes were characterized using DSC, FTIR, yield (%), drug content and in vitro release characteristics. NMD-CD complexes incorporated into chitosan eye drops and a temperature-triggered in situ gelling system were evaluated for their pH, viscosity and in vitro release characteristics. We determined the intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect of NMD-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) eye drops through a single dose response design using C57BL/6J mice. The minimum effective concentration (MEC) of nimodipine was further applied to mice that vary in the parental allele of Cacna1s, the drug target of nimodipine. Cytotoxicity was also evaluated. RESULTS Our ophthalmic formulations possessed pH and viscosity values that are compatible with the eye. In vitro release of nimodipine was significantly increased from chitosan eye drops containing NMD-CD complexes compared to uncomplexed drug. Administration of nimodipine can lower IOP significantly after a single drop of drug HPMC suspension. The IOP-lowering response of the MEC (0.6%) was significantly influenced by the parental allele of Cacna1s. CONCLUSIONS Nimodipine can be used as a promising topical drug for management of glaucoma through ocular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa Nabih Maria
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 731, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | | | | | - Marwa Salah El-Dahan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Monica M Jablonski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 930 Madison Avenue, Suite 731, Memphis, Tennessee, 38163, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
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21
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Yu B, Shao H, Su C, Jiang Y, Chen X, Bai L, Zhang Y, Li Q, Zhang X, Li X. Exosomes derived from MSCs ameliorate retinal laser injury partially by inhibition of MCP-1. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34562. [PMID: 27686625 PMCID: PMC5043341 DOI: 10.1038/srep34562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although accumulated evidence supports the notion that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) act in a paracrine manner, the mechanisms are still not fully understood. Recently, MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos), a type of microvesicle released from MSCs, were thought to carry functional proteins and RNAs to recipient cells and play therapeutic roles. In the present study, we intravitreally injected MSCs derived from either mouse adipose tissue or human umbilical cord, and their exosomes to observe and compare their functions in a mouse model of laser-induced retinal injury. We found that both MSCs and their exosomes reduced damage, inhibited apoptosis, and suppressed inflammatory responses to obtain better visual function to nearly the same extent in vivo. Obvious down-regulation of monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in the retina was found after MSC-Exos injection. In vitro, MSC-Exos also down-regulated MCP-1 mRNA expression in primarily cultured retinal cells after thermal injury. It was further demonstrated that intravitreal injection of an MCP-1-neutralizing antibody promoted the recovery of retinal laser injury, whereas the therapeutic effect of exosomes was abolished when MSC-Exos and MCP-1 were administrated simultaneously. Collectively, these results suggest that MSC-Exos ameliorate laser-induced retinal injury partially through down-regulation of MCP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yu
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hui Shao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Chang Su
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuanfeng Jiang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiteng Chen
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Lingling Bai
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Qiutang Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Kentucky Lions Eye Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Eye Institute &School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Tianjin 300384, China
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22
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Doozandeh A, Yazdani S. Neuroprotection in Glaucoma. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2016; 11:209-20. [PMID: 27413504 PMCID: PMC4926571 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.183923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a degenerative optic neuropathy characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and visual field defects. It is known that in some glaucoma patients, death of RGCs continues despite intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Neuroprotection in the field of glaucoma is defined as any treatment, independent of IOP reduction, which prevents RGC death. Glutamate antagonists, ginkgo biloba extract, neurotrophic factors, antioxidants, calcium channel blockers, brimonidine, glaucoma medications with blood regulatory effect and nitric oxide synthase inhibitors are among compounds with possible neuroprotective activity in preclinical studies. A few agents (such as brimonidine or memantine) with neuroprotective effects in experimental studies have advanced to clinical trials; however the results of clinical trials for these agents have not been conclusive. Nevertheless, lack of compelling clinical evidence has not prevented the off-label use of some of these compounds in glaucoma practice. Stem cell transplantation has been reported to halt experimental neurodegenerative disease processes in the absence of cell replacement. It has been hypothesized that transplantation of some types of stem cells activates multiple neuroprotective pathways via secretion of various factors. The advantage of this approach is a prolonged and targeted effect. Important concerns in this field include the secretion of unwanted harmful mediators, graft survival issues and tumorigenesis. Neuroprotection in glaucoma, pharmacologically or by stem cell transplantation, is an interesting subject waiting for broad and multidisciplinary collaborative studies to better clarify its role in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Doozandeh
- Ophthalmic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Yazdani
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Singman EL, Daphalapurkar N, White H, Nguyen TD, Panghat L, Chang J, McCulley T. Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy. Mil Med Res 2016; 3:2. [PMID: 26759722 PMCID: PMC4709956 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-016-0069-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Indirect traumatic optic neuropathy (ITON) refers to optic nerve injury resulting from impact remote to the optic nerve. The mechanism of injury is not understood, and there are no confirmed protocols for prevention, mitigation or treatment. Most data concerning this condition comes from case series of civilian patients suffering blunt injury, such as from sports- or motor vehicle-related concussion, rather than military-related ballistic or blast damage. Research in this field will likely require the development of robust databases to identify patients with ITON and follow related outcomes, in addition to both in-vivo animal and virtual human models to study the mechanisms of damage and potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Singman
- Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | | | - Helen White
- Director of Informatics and Information Management, Vision Center of Excellence [VCE], Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs [ASD-HA], United States Department of Defense [DOD], Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Thao D Nguyen
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lijo Panghat
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jessica Chang
- Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland USA
| | - Timothy McCulley
- Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland USA
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Tian K, Shibata-Germanos S, Pahlitzsch M, Cordeiro MF. Current perspective of neuroprotection and glaucoma. Clin Ophthalmol 2015; 9:2109-18. [PMID: 26635467 PMCID: PMC4646599 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s80445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide and is most notably characterized by progressive optic nerve atrophy and advancing loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The main concomitant factor is the elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Existing treatments are focused generally on lowering IOP. However, both RGC loss and optic nerve atrophy can independently occur with IOP at normal levels. In recent years, there has been substantial progress in the development of neuroprotective therapies for glaucoma in order to restore vital visual function. The present review intends to offer a brief insight into conventional glaucoma treatments and discuss exciting current developments of mostly preclinical data in novel neuroprotective strategies for glaucoma that include recent advances in noninvasive diagnostics going beyond IOP maintenance for an enhanced global view. Such strategies now target RGC loss and optic nerve damage, opening a critical therapeutic window for preventative monitoring and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailin Tian
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK ; Eye Centre, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shannon Shibata-Germanos
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Milena Pahlitzsch
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - M Francesca Cordeiro
- Glaucoma and Retinal Neurodegeneration Research Group, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK ; Western Eye Hospital, ICORG, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK
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25
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Chen YS, Green CR, Danesh-Meyer HV, Rupenthal ID. Neuroprotection in the treatment of glaucoma--A focus on connexin43 gap junction channel blockers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2015; 95:182-93. [PMID: 25676338 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2015.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a form of optic neuropathy and a common cause of blindness, affecting over 60 million people worldwide with an expected rise to 80 million by 2020. Successful treatment is challenging due to the various causes of glaucoma, undetectable symptoms at an early stage and inefficient delivery of drugs to the back of the eye. Conventional glaucoma treatments focus on the reduction of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) using topical eye drops. However, their efficacy is limited to patients who suffer from high IOP glaucoma and do not address the underlying susceptibility of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) to degeneration. Glaucoma is known as a neurodegenerative disease which starts with RGC death and eventually results in damage of the optic nerve. Neuroprotective strategies therefore offer a novel treatment option for glaucoma by not only preventing neuronal loss but also disease progression. This review firstly gives an overview of the pathophysiology of glaucoma as well as current treatment options including conventional and novel delivery strategies. It then summarizes the rational for neuroprotection as a novel therapy for glaucomatous neuropathies and reviews current potential neuroprotective strategies to preserve RGC, with a focus on connexin43 (Cx43) gap junction channel blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Shan Chen
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Colin R Green
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Helen V Danesh-Meyer
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ilva D Rupenthal
- Buchanan Ocular Therapeutics Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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26
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The Role of Magnesium in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Glaucoma. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:745439. [PMID: 27433524 PMCID: PMC4897098 DOI: 10.1155/2014/745439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is characterized by chronic optic neuropathy resulting in progressive vision loss. Not only is glaucoma considered as a condition of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), but also other risk factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Vascular dysregulation in ocular blood flow and oxidative stress are currently suggested as important risk factors for glaucomatous retinal ganglion cell loss. New treatment modalities that improve ocular blood flow and reduce oxidative stress have been investigated in many studies. Magnesium (Mg) is thought to be one of the molecules that has a treatment potential in glaucoma. Mg has been shown to improve blood flow by modifying endothelial function via endothelin-1 (ET-1) and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) pathways. Mg also exhibits neuroprotective role by blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-related calcium influx and by inhibiting the release of glutamate, and hence protects the cell against oxidative stress and apoptosis. Both improvement in ocular blood flow and prevention of ganglion cell loss would make magnesium a good candidate for glaucoma management. Further studies on the effect of Mg may open a new therapeutic era in glaucoma.
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27
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Roos JCP, Haridas AS. Prolonged mydriasis after inadvertent topical administration of the calcium channel antagonist amlodipine: implications for glaucoma drug development. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2014; 34:84-7. [PMID: 24754408 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2014.896016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Calcium channel inhibitors are being investigated as potential therapeutic adjuncts to reduce painful ciliary muscle spasm and control intraocular pressure in glaucoma. Relatively little is known about the effect of topical administration of calcium channel blockers in humans. OBJECTIVE (1) To describe prolonged fixed pupil dilation resulting from exposure to topical amlodipine (2) to review the evidence that links calcium channel blockers with mydriasis and (3) to discuss the implications for glaucoma pharmacotherapy. DESIGN Single interventional case report, literature review (including human and animal studies) and analysis of reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) records in the USA and UK. CASE A 35-year-old female doctor presented to eye casualty with blurred vision and bilateral, fixed, dilated pupils. A history of exposure to liquid amlodipine while preparing a paediatric chemotherapy regimen for a neuroblastoma patient was elicited. The patient was reassured and observed. RESULTS Pupil function returned to normal within 48 h. A multi-national review of adverse drug reactions reports was conducted, as well as an extensive literature search for case reports and experimental studies. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of amlodipine causing mydriasis and we discuss the potential molecular mechanism. CONCLUSIONS This case is the first to suggest that calcium channel blockers can cause prolonged mydriasis. These agents have been investigated as potential adjuncts in glaucoma therapy. As accidental topical exposure to amlodipine can cause prolonged pupil dilation, it could precipitate angle closure in predisposed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C P Roos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Cambridge , UK
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