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Xu Z, Zhang Q, Ding C, Wen F, Sun F, Liu Y, Tao C, Yao J. Beneficial Effects of Hordenine on a Model of Ulcerative Colitis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062834. [PMID: 36985809 PMCID: PMC10054341 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hordenine, a phenethylamine alkaloid, is found in a variety of plants and exhibits a broad array of biological activities and pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. However, the efficacy and underlying mechanisms of hordenine in treating ulcerative colitis (UC) remain unclear. To address this, we examined the therapeutic effects of hordenine on dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)-induced UC by comparing disease activity index (DAI), colon length, secretion of inflammatory factors, and degree of colonic histological lesions across diseased mice that were and were not treated with hordenine. We found that hordenine significantly reduced DAI and levels of pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and also alleviated colon tissue oedema, colonic lesions, inflammatory cells infiltration and decreased the number of goblet cells. Moreover, in vitro experiments showed that hordenine protected intestinal epithelial barrier function by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins including ZO-1 and occludin, while also promoting the healing of intestinal mucosa. Using immunohistochemistry and western blotting, we demonstrated that hordenine reduced the expression of sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1), sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1), and ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), and it inhibited the expression of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in colon tissues. Thus, hordenine appears to be effective in UC treatment owing to pharmacological mechanisms that favor mucosal healing and the inhibition of SPHK-1/S1PR1/STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengguang Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Qilian Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261000, China
| | - Ce Ding
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Feifei Wen
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Fang Sun
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Yanzhan Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Chunxue Tao
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Jing Yao
- School of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
- Jining Key Laboratory of Pharmacology, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
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2
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Mazewski C, Luna-Vital D, Berhow M, Gonzalez de Mejia E. Reduction of colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis by a black lentil water extract through inhibition of inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokines. Carcinogenesis 2020; 41:790-803. [PMID: 32002542 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective was to compare the impact of black lentil (BL) water and delphinidin 3-O-(2-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-α-l-arabinopyranoside) (D3G)-rich lentil extracts on tumor development, inflammation and immune response in an azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) model. C57BL/6 mice were randomly separated into four groups: healthy control (n = 6), AOM/DSS control (n = 14), AOM/DSS + BL (600 mg/kg body wt, n = 12) and AOM/DSS + D3G (41 mg/kg body wt, equivalent to D3G concentration in BL, n = 12). Mice were given treatments for 11 weeks using a voluntary jelly administration. AOM/DSS + BL presented a lower (P < 0.05) disease activity index, throughout and at the end (2.4) compared with AOM/DSS (6.3). AOM/DSS + BL mice had an average of 7.8 neoplasms versus 12.8 for the AOM/DSS (P < 0.05). Proinflammatory cytokines were downregulated in the colon mucosa: interleukin (IL)-1β (-77.5%, -70.7%) and IL-6 (-44.4%, -44.9%) by AOM/DSS + BL and AOM/DSS + D3G, respectively, compared with AOM/DSS. IL-6 protein expression was decreased by BL in plasma (-72.6%) and gene expression in colon polyps (fold change: -4.0) compared with AOM/DSS. AOM/DSS + D3G non-polyp tissue gene expression clustered with the healthy control tissue with only four genes modified (secreted phosphoprotein 1 and CXC motif chemokine ligands 2, 5 and 10). AOM/DSS + BL downregulated programmed death-ligand 1 protein expression in colon tissue (-54.7%) and gene expression by 2.8-fold compared with the AOM/DSS control. In fecal samples, gallic and protocatechuic acids and epicatechin were found, and concentration of most amino acids was lower and unsaturated fatty acids were higher for AOM/DSS + BL and AOM/DSS + D3G. BL and D3G-rich extracts showed anti-inflammatory and proimmune response effects while BL additionally prevented growth of neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Mazewski
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Diego Luna-Vital
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Mark Berhow
- United States Department of Agriculture, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
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3
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Lv M, Cui C, Chen P, Li Z. Identification of osteoporosis markers through bioinformatic functional analysis of serum proteome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22172. [PMID: 32991410 PMCID: PMC7523818 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a severe chronic skeletal disorder that increases the risks of disability and mortality; however, the mechanism of this disease and the protein markers for prognosis of osteoporosis have not been well characterized. This study aims to characterize the imbalanced serum proteostasis, the disturbed pathways, and potential serum markers in osteoporosis by using a set of bioinformatic analyses. In the present study, the large-scale proteomics datasets (PXD006464) were adopted from the Proteome Xchange database and processed with MaxQuant. The differentially expressed serum proteins were identified. The biological process and molecular function were analyzed. The protein-protein interactions and subnetwork modules were constructed. The signaling pathways were enriched. We identified 209 upregulated and 230 downregulated serum proteins. The bioinformatic analyses revealed a highly overlapped functional protein classification and the gene ontology terms between the upregulated and downregulated protein groups. Protein-protein interactions and pathway analyses showed a high enrichment in protein synthesis, inflammation, and immune response in the upregulated proteins, and cell adhesion and cytoskeleton regulation in the downregulated proteins. Our findings greatly expand the current view of the roles of serum proteins in osteoporosis and shed light on the understanding of its underlying mechanisms and the discovery of serum proteins as potential markers for the prognosis of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengying Lv
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-coding RNA Research, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Chuanlong Cui
- School of Graduate Studies, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ
| | - Peng Chen
- No. 5 Region, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Joint Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine
- Traumatology and Orthopedics Institute of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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4
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Ibarra-Silva E, Raff AB, Cardenas A, Franco W. Point-of-care detection of neutrophils in live skin microsamples using chemiluminescence. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960170. [PMID: 32048794 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many skin diseases are defined by the presence of neutrophils, which are among the first cells to respond to infection and inflammation. Currently, neutrophil identification in the skin is costly and slow. The objectives of the present work are to investigate the feasibility of detecting the presence of neutrophils in live skin microsamples using chemiluminescence and develop a device and procedures that will enable preclinical and clinical investigations. Our approach consists of collecting skin microsamples and exposing them to reagents that activate neutrophils and amplify the light emission produced by chemiluminescence. Experiments using live pig skin with and without inflammation show that it is feasible to detect the presence of neutrophils in the skin. The proposed method is minimally invasive, simple, fast, and does not require user specialization. The developed system is compact in size with a small footprint, which makes it portable and suitable for point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmeralda Ibarra-Silva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam B Raff
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Cardenas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Walfre Franco
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Girardi B, Pricci M, Giorgio F, Piazzolla M, Iannone A, Losurdo G, Principi M, Barone M, Ierardi E, Di Leo A. Silymarin, boswellic acid and curcumin enriched dietetic formulation reduces the growth of inherited intestinal polyps in an animal model. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26:1601-1612. [PMID: 32327909 PMCID: PMC7167411 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some substances of plant origin have been reported to exert an effect in reducing intestinal neoplasm development, especially in animal models. Adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia - ApcMin/+ is the most studied murine model of genetic intestinal carcinogenesis.
AIM To assess whether an enriched nutritional formulation (silymarin, boswellic acid and curcumin) with proven “in vitro” and “in vivo” anti-carcinogenetic properties may prevent inherited intestinal cancer in animal model.
METHODS Forty adenomatous polyposis coli multiple intestinal neoplasia - ApcMin/+ mice were used for the study of cancer prevention. They were divided into two groups: 20 assumed standard and 20 enriched diet. At the 110th d animals were sacrificed. In each group, four subgroups received intraperitoneal bromodeoxyuridine injection at different times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h before the sacrifice) in order to assess epithelial turnover. Moreover, we evaluated the following parameters: Intestinal polypoid lesion number and size on autoptic tissue, dysplasia and neoplasia areas by histological examination of the whole small intestine, inflammation by histology and cytokine mRNA expression by real-time polymerase chain reaction, bromodeoxyuridine and TUNEL immuno-fluorescence for epithelial turnover and apoptosis, respectively. Additionally, we performed western blotting analysis for the expression of estrogen alpha and beta receptors, cyclin D1 and cleaved caspase 3 in normal and polypoid tissues.
RESULTS Compared to standard, enriched diet reduced the total number (203 vs 416) and the mean ± SD/animal (12.6 ± 5.0 vs 26.0 ± 8.8; P < 0.001) of polypoid lesions. In enriched diet group a reduction in polyp size was observed (P < 0.001). Histological inflammation and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression were similar in both groups. Areas of low-grade dysplasia (P < 0.001) and intestinal carcinoma (IC; P < 0.001) were significantly decreased in enriched diet group. IC was observed in 100% in standard and 85% in enriched formulation assuming animals. Enriched diet showed a faster epithelial migration and an increased apoptosis in normal mucosa and low-grade dysplasia areas (P < 0.001). At western blotting, estrogen receptor beta protein was well expressed in normal mucosa of enriched and standard groups, with a more marked trend associated to the first one. Estrogen receptor alpha was similarly expressed in normal and polypoid mucosa of standard and enriched diet group. Cleaved caspase 3 showed in normal mucosa a stronger signal in enriched than in standard diet. Cyclin D1 was more expressed in standard than enriched diet group of both normal and polypoid tissue.
CONCLUSION Our results are suggestive of a chemo-preventive synergic effect of the components (silymarin, boswellic acid and curcumin) of an enriched formulation in inherited IC. This effect may be mediated by the reduction of epithelial proliferation, the increase of apoptosis and the acceleration of villous cell renewal due to dietary formulation intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mariano Piazzolla
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Andrea Iannone
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Losurdo
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Mariabeatrice Principi
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Enzo Ierardi
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari 70124, Italy
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Girardi B, Principi M, Pricci M, Giorgio F, Iannone A, Losurdo G, Ierardi E, Di Leo A, Barone M. Chemoprevention of inflammation-related colorectal cancer by silymarin-, acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid-, curcumin- and maltodextrin-enriched dietetic formulation in animal model. Carcinogenesis 2018; 39:1274-1282. [PMID: 30084990 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgy104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
On the basis of preliminary in vitro experience, we assessed whether an enriched nutritional formulation with estrogen receptor (ER)-beta agonist and anti-inflammatory properties may prevent inflammation-associated colorectal cancer (CRC) in an animal model. Study sample enclosed 110 C57BL/6J male mice. Forty underwent dietary supplement safety assessment (20 standard diet and 20 enriched formulation). Seventy were treated with azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium and divided into two groups: 35 received standard diet and 35 enriched formulation (curcumin, boswellic acids, silymarin and maltodextrins). Miniature colonoscopy demonstrated colitis and solid lesion development in five mice/group 100 days after first AOM injection. Mice were killed after 10 days. In each group, four subgroups received intraperitoneal bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) injection at 24th/48th/72nd/96th hour before killing. Anti-inflammatory effect and chemoprevention were evaluated by lesion number/size, histological inflammation/dysplasia/neoplasia assessment, pro-inflammatory cytokine messenger RNA (mRNA), ER-beta/ER-alpha/BrdU immunohistochemistry and TUNEL immunofluorescence. Standard formulation assumption was associated with colon shortening compared with enriched one (P = 0.04), which reduced solid lesion number and size (P < 0.001 for both), histological inflammation score (P = 0.04), pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression (P < 0.001), number of low-grade dysplasia (LGD; P = 0.03) and high-grade dysplasia (P < 0.001) areas. CRC was observed in 69.6% in standard and 23.5% in enriched formulation assuming animals (P < 0.001). Enriched formulation induced lower ER-alpha expression in CRC (P < 0.001) and higher ER-beta expression in LGD (P < 0.001) being associated to higher epithelial turnover (BrdU; P<0.001) in normal mucosa and increased apoptosis in LGD and CRC (P < 0.001 for both). Our results are promising for a successful anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive effect of enriched formulation in CRC arising from inflamed tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariabeatrice Principi
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | - Andrea Iannone
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Losurdo
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Enzo Ierardi
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alfredo Di Leo
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Barone
- Gastroenterology Section, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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Huang YS, Jie N, Zhang YX, Zou KJ, Weng Y. shRNA-induced silencing of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 inhibits the proliferation of colon cancer cells through upregulation of BAD and downregulation of cyclin D1. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1397-1408. [PMID: 29286138 PMCID: PMC5819921 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) is a member of the Rho family of small GTPases. Recent studies have reported that RAC1 serves an important role in colon cancer cell proliferation. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of RAC1 knockdown on cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis of colon cancer cells. Lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA (shRNA) was used to knockdown RAC1 expression in colon cancer cell lines, and cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression were evaluated by MTT assays and flow cytometry. The differences in mRNAs expression were identified between RAC1-knockdown cells and control cells using a mRNA microarray, following which quantitative PCR (qPCR) and western blot were employed to confirm the results of the mRNA microarray. The proliferative ability of colon cancer cells was significantly decreased following RAC1 knockdown, and RAC1 knockdown increased the apoptotic rate and enhanced cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in colon cancer cells. In addition, >1,200 known genes were demonstrated to be involved in RAC1-associated tumorigenic functions in SW620 colon cancer cells, as determined by gene chip analysis; these genes were associated with cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis and metastasis. Furthermore, western blot analysis indicated that cyclin D1 was downregulated, whereas B-cell lymphoma 2-associated agonist of cell death (BAD) was upregulated following RAC1 knockdown in colon cancer cells. In conclusion, RAC1 silencing may suppress the proliferation of colon cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In addition, a large number of genes were revealed to be involved in the process, including BAD, which was upregulated and cyclin D1, which was downregulated. Further studies on these differentially expressed genes may provide a better understanding of the potential roles of RAC1 in colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Sheng Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Na Jie
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jian Zou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570311, P.R. China
| | - Yang Weng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571101, P.R. China
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Li X, Wang Z, Zhao T, Yu B, Fan Y, Feng Q, Cui FZ, Watari F. A novel method to in vitro evaluate biocompatibility of nanoscaled scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:2117-25. [PMID: 27087116 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study provided a new method to in vitro evaluate the biocompatibility of nanoscaled scaffolds for tissue engineering with neutrophils other than ordinary cell culture. The neutrophils were separated from human peripheral blood of healthy subjects. In vitro degradation product of nanohydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC), nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly (L-lactic acid) (nHACP), and nHACP reinforced by chitin fibers (nHACP/CF) in the D-Hank's Balanced Salt Solution (D-HBSS) was used as the testing solution, which was thereafter mixed with the neutrophils. It was shown that the cell survival rate in the testing solutions had no significant difference from that in the D-HBSS (control). However, from both gene and protein expression levels, the lactate dehydrogenase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha of the neutrophils in the nHACP/CF testing solution were found lowest during the whole testing period; the main reasons of which might be that the calcium release rate of the scaffold was slowest and that the pH value of its degradation solution was nearest to that of human body. Moreover, in vivo experiments showed that most inflammation reactions happened for nHAC and poly (L-lactic acid) groups, while the least inflammation reactions happened for nHACP/CF group in the subcutaneous dorsum of mice at 2 weeks after the surgery, which confirmed the in vitro findings. These results indicated that the pH value and the certain metal iron concentration of the nanoscaled scaffold degradation solution should be two important factors that significantly affect its biocompatibility. This study provides a simple and effective biocompatibility test method for biodegradable nanoscaled tissue engineering scaffolds. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2117-2125, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianxiao Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Zhai Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials of Ministry of Education of China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fumio Watari
- Department of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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9
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Hamers AAJ, van Dam L, Teixeira Duarte JM, Vos M, Marinković G, van Tiel CM, Meijer SL, van Stalborch AM, Huveneers S, te Velde AA, de Jonge WJ, de Vries CJM. Deficiency of Nuclear Receptor Nur77 Aggravates Mouse Experimental Colitis by Increased NFκB Activity in Macrophages. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133598. [PMID: 26241646 PMCID: PMC4524678 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor Nur77, also referred to as NR4A1 or TR3, plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. Nur77 is crucial in regulating the T helper 1/regulatory T-cell balance, is expressed in macrophages and drives M2 macrophage polarization. In this study we aimed to define the function of Nur77 in inflammatory bowel disease. In wild-type and Nur77-/- mice, colitis development was studied in dextran sodium sulphate (DSS)- and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced models. To understand the underlying mechanism, Nur77 was overexpressed in macrophages and gut epithelial cells. Nur77 protein is expressed in colon tissues from Crohn's disease and Ulcerative colitis patients and colons from colitic mice in inflammatory cells and epithelium. In both mouse colitis models inflammation was increased in Nur77-/- mice. A higher neutrophil influx and enhanced IL-6, MCP-1 and KC production was observed in Nur77-deficient colons after DSS-treatment. TNBS-induced influx of T-cells and inflammatory monocytes into the colon was higher in Nur77-/- mice, along with increased expression of MCP-1, TNFα and IL-6, and decreased Foxp3 RNA expression, compared to wild-type mice. Overexpression of Nur77 in lipopolysaccharide activated RAW macrophages resulted in up-regulated IL-10 and downregulated TNFα, MIF-1 and MCP-1 mRNA expression through NFκB repression. Nur77 also strongly decreased expression of MCP-1, CXCL1, IL-8, MIP-1α and TNFα in gut epithelial Caco-2 cells. Nur77 overexpression suppresses the inflammatory status of both macrophages and gut epithelial cells and together with the in vivo mouse data this supports that Nur77 has a protective function in experimental colitis. These findings may have implications for development of novel targeted treatment strategies regarding inflammatory bowel disease and other inflammatory diseases.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line
- Colitis/chemically induced
- Colitis/immunology
- Colitis/metabolism
- Colitis, Ulcerative/metabolism
- Colitis, Ulcerative/pathology
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/pathology
- Crohn Disease/metabolism
- Crohn Disease/pathology
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Dextran Sulfate/toxicity
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Female
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/biosynthesis
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
- Intestinal Mucosa/pathology
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/deficiency
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1/immunology
- RAW 264.7 Cells
- Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid/toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk A. J. Hamers
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laura van Dam
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - José M. Teixeira Duarte
- Tytgat Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mariska Vos
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Goran Marinković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia M. van Tiel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sybren L. Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marieke van Stalborch
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stephan Huveneers
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anje A. te Velde
- Tytgat Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter J. de Jonge
- Tytgat Institute, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlie J. M. de Vries
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Tejada-Simon MV. Modulation of actin dynamics by Rac1 to target cognitive function. J Neurochem 2015; 133:767-79. [PMID: 25818528 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The small GTPase Rac1 is well known for regulating actin cytoskeleton reorganization in cells. Formation of extensions at the surface of the cell is required for migration and even for cell invasion and metastases. Because an elevated level and hyperactivation of this protein has been associated with metastasis in cancer, direct regulators of Rac1 are currently envisioned as a potential strategy to treat certain cancers. Less research, however, has been done regarding the role of this small GTP-binding protein in brain development, where it has an important role in dendritic spine morphogenesis through the regulation of actin. Alteration of dendritic development and spinogenesis has been often associated with mental disorders. Rac1 is associated with and required for learning and the formation of memories in the brain. Rac1 appears to be dysregulated in certain neurodevelopmental disorders that present all these three alterations: mental retardation, atypical synaptic plasticity and aberrant spine morphology. Thus, to develop novel therapies for rescuing cognitive impairment, a reasonable approach might be to target this protein, Rac1, which plays a pivotal role in directing signals that regulate actin dynamics, which in turn might have an effect in spine cytoarchitecture and synaptic function. It is possible that novel drugs that regulate Rac1 activation and function could modulate actin cytoskeleton and spine dynamics, representing potential candidates to repair intellectual disability in disorders associated with spine abnormalities. Herein, we present a list of the current Rac1 inhibitors that might fulfill this role together with a summary of the latest findings concerning their function as they relate to neuronal studies. While the small GTPase Rac1 is well known for regulating actin cytoskeleton reorganization in different type of cells, it appears to be also required for learning and the formation of memories in the brain. Abnormal regulation of this protein has been associated with cognitive disabilities, atypical synaptic plasticity and abnormal morphology of dendritic spines in certain neurodevelopmental disorders. Thus, modulation of Rac1 activity using novel inhibitors might be a strategy to reestablish cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Tejada-Simon
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.,Biology of Behavior Institute (BoBI), University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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