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Murakami T, Shigeki S. Pharmacotherapy for Keloids and Hypertrophic Scars. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4674. [PMID: 38731893 PMCID: PMC11083137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Keloids (KD) and hypertrophic scars (HTS), which are quite raised and pigmented and have increased vascularization and cellularity, are formed due to the impaired healing process of cutaneous injuries in some individuals having family history and genetic factors. These scars decrease the quality of life (QOL) of patients greatly, due to the pain, itching, contracture, cosmetic problems, and so on, depending on the location of the scars. Treatment/prevention that will satisfy patients' QOL is still under development. In this article, we review pharmacotherapy for treating KD and HTS, including the prevention of postsurgical recurrence (especially KD). Pharmacotherapy involves monotherapy using a single drug and combination pharmacotherapy using multiple drugs, where drugs are administered orally, topically and/or through intralesional injection. In addition, pharmacotherapy for KD/HTS is sometimes combined with surgical excision and/or with physical therapy such as cryotherapy, laser therapy, radiotherapy including brachytherapy, and silicone gel/sheeting. The results regarding the clinical effectiveness of each mono-pharmacotherapy for KD/HTS are not always consistent but rather scattered among researchers. Multimodal combination pharmacotherapy that targets multiple sites simultaneously is more effective than mono-pharmacotherapy. The literature was searched using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Online search engines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruo Murakami
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-Hiroshima 731-2631, Japan;
| | - Sadayuki Shigeki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Hiroshima International University, Higashi-Hiroshima 731-2631, Japan
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Takada S, Setoyama K, Norimatsu K, Otsuka S, Nakanishi K, Tani A, Nakakogawa T, Matsuzaki R, Matsuoka T, Sakakima H, Tancharoen S, Maruyama I, Tanaka E, Kikuchi K, Uchikado H. E8002 Reduces Adhesion Formation and Improves Joint Mobility in a Rat Model of Knee Arthrofibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031239. [PMID: 35163163 PMCID: PMC8835358 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee arthrofibrosis is a common complication of knee surgery, caused by excessive scar tissue, which results in functional disability. However, no curative treatment has been established. E8002 is an anti-adhesion material that contains L-ascorbic acid, an antioxidant. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of E8002 for the prevention of knee arthrofibrosis in a rat model, comprising injury to the surface of the femur and quadriceps muscle 1 cm proximal to the patella. Sixteen male, 8-week-old Sprague Dawley rats were studied: in the Adhesion group, haemorrhagic injury was induced to the quadriceps and bone, and in the E8002 group, an adhesion-preventing film was implanted between the quadriceps and femur after injury. Six weeks following injury, the restriction of knee flexion owing to fibrotic scarring had not worsened in the E8002 group but had worsened in the Adhesion group. The area of fibrotic scarring was smaller in the E8002 group than in the Adhesion group (p < 0.05). In addition, the numbers of fibroblasts (p < 0.05) and myofibroblasts (p < 0.01) in the fibrotic scar were lower in the E8002 group. Thus, E8002 reduces myofibroblast proliferation and fibrotic scar formation and improves the range of motion of the joint in a model of knee injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiya Takada
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.T.); (S.O.); (I.M.)
| | - Kentaro Setoyama
- Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Natural Science Center for Research and Education, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan;
| | - Kosuke Norimatsu
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.N.); (K.N.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (R.M.); (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Shotaro Otsuka
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.T.); (S.O.); (I.M.)
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.N.); (K.N.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (R.M.); (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Akira Tani
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.N.); (K.N.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (R.M.); (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Tomomi Nakakogawa
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.N.); (K.N.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (R.M.); (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Ryoma Matsuzaki
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.N.); (K.N.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (R.M.); (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Teruki Matsuoka
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.N.); (K.N.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (R.M.); (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Harutoshi Sakakima
- Course of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan; (K.N.); (K.N.); (A.T.); (T.N.); (R.M.); (T.M.); (H.S.)
| | - Salunya Tancharoen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.T.); (S.O.); (I.M.)
| | - Eiichiro Tanaka
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan;
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Systems Biology in Thromboregulation, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan; (S.T.); (S.O.); (I.M.)
- Division of Brain Science, Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (H.U.); Tel.: +81-942-31-7542 (K.K.); +81-92-477-2355 (H.U.); Fax: +81-942-31-7695 (K.K.); +81-92-477-2325 (H.U.)
| | - Hisaaki Uchikado
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Uchikado Neuro-Spine Clinic, 1-2-3 Naka, Hakata-ku, Fukuoka 812-0893, Japan
- Correspondence: (K.K.); (H.U.); Tel.: +81-942-31-7542 (K.K.); +81-92-477-2355 (H.U.); Fax: +81-942-31-7695 (K.K.); +81-92-477-2325 (H.U.)
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Huang R, Hui Z, Wei S, Li D, Li W, Daping W, Alahdal M. IRE1 signaling regulates chondrocyte apoptosis and death fate in the osteoarthritis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:118-127. [PMID: 34297411 PMCID: PMC9291116 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
IRE1 is an important central regulator of unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) because of its ability to regulate cell fate as a function of stress sensing. When misfolded proteins accumulated in chondrocytes ER, IRE1 disintegrates with BIP/GRP78 and undergoes dimer/oligomerization and transautophosphorylation. These two processes are mediated through an enzyme activity of IRE1 to activate endoribonuclease and generates XBP1 by unconventional splicing of XBP1 messenger RNA. Thereby promoting the transcription of UPR target genes and apoptosis. The deficiency of inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) in chondrocytes downregulates prosurvival factors XBP1S and Bcl-2, which enhances the apoptosis of chondrocytes through increasing proapoptotic factors caspase-3, p-JNK, and CHOP. Meanwhile, the activation of IRE1α increases chondrocyte viability and reduces cell apoptosis. However, the understanding of IRE1 responses and cell death fate remains controversial. This review provides updated data about the role IRE1 plays in chondrocytes and new insights about the potential efficacy of IRE1 regulation in cartilage repair and osteoarthritis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxiang Huang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China.,Clinical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhang Hui
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China.,Clinical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Sun Wei
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China
| | - Duan Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wencui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wang Daping
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China.,Clinical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Murad Alahdal
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shenzhen Laboratory of Digital Orthopedic Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Intelligence and Digital Orthopedic Technology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital (The First Hospital Affiliated to Shenzhen University, Health Science Center), Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Medical Laboratories, Hodeidah University, Al Hudaydah, Yemen
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Sun Y, Dai J, Jiao R, Jiang Q, Wang J. Homoharringtonine inhibits fibroblasts proliferation, extracellular matrix production and reduces surgery-induced knee arthrofibrosis via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway-mediated apoptosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:9. [PMID: 33407698 PMCID: PMC7789651 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02150-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevention of surgery-induced intraarticular fibrosis remains a challenge following orthopedic surgery. Homoharringtonine (HHT) has been reported to have positive effects in preventing various kinds of fibrosis. However, little is known regarding its effect as well as the potential mechanism of HHT in preventing surgery-induced intraarticular fibrosis. Methods Various concentrations of HHTs were locally applied in vivo to reduce knee intraarticular fibrosis in rabbits. Histological macroscopic assessments such as hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, and Picric-sirius red polarized light were used to evaluate the effect of HHT in reducing intraarticular fibrosis. CCK-8, cell cycle assay, and EdU incorporation assay were used in vitro to detect HHT’s effect on inhibiting fibroblast viability and proliferation. The effect of HHT on fibroblast differentiation, extracellular matrix production, and apoptosis were evaluated by western blot, flow cytometry, immunofluorescent staining, and TUNEL analysis. Moreover, the expressions of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were detected. Results The results demonstrated that HHT could reduce the formation of intraarticular fibrosis. HHT was also found to induce fibroblast apoptotic cell death in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro. Moreover, HHT could effectively inhibit the production of the extracellular matrix secreted by fibroblasts and inhibited the expression of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in a dose-dependent manner. After treating with insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), an activator of the PI3K/AKT axis, the expressions of pro-apoptosis-related proteins were decreased, and the fibroblast apoptosis rate was also inhibited. Conclusions In conclusion, this study demonstrated that HHT could reduce the formation of intraarticular fibrosis through the inhibition of fibroblast proliferation, extracellular matrix production, and the induction of fibroblast apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, its potential mechanism may be through the suppression of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.,School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jihang Dai
- Dalian medical university, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning, China
| | - Rui Jiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, 225001, Jiangsu, China.
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The role of activating transcription factor 6 in hydroxycamptothecin-induced fibroblast autophagy and apoptosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:1. [PMID: 33397415 PMCID: PMC7784342 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-02056-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The over-proliferation of fibroblasts is considered to be the main cause of scar adhesion after joint surgery. Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT), though as a potent antineoplastic drug, shows preventive effects on scar adhesion. This study aimed to investigate the role of activating transcription factor 6 (ATF-6) in the HCPT-induced inhibition of fibroblast viability. Methods The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, western blot analysis, lentivirus-mediated gene silencing, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, immunofluorescent staining for autophagy-related protein light chain 3 (LC3) were used to explore the effect of HCPT on triggering fibroblast apoptosis and inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, and the involvement of possible signaling pathways. Results It was found that HCPT exacerbated fibroblast apoptosis and repressed its proliferation. Subsequently, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related proteins were determined by western blot prior to ATF6 p50 was screened out and reexamined after it was silenced. As a result, ATF6-mediated ERS played a role in HCPT-induced fibroblast apoptosis. Autophagy-related proteins and autophagosomes were detected after the HCPT administration using western blot and TEM analyses, respectively. Autophagy was activated after the HCPT treatment. With the co-treatment of autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), both the western blot analysis and the CCK-8 assay showed inhibited autophagy, which indicated that the effect of HCPT on fibroblast proliferation was partially reversed. Besides, the LC3 immunofluorescence staining revealed suppressed autophagy after silencing ATF6 p50. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that HCPT acts as a facilitator of fibroblast apoptosis and inhibitor of fibroblast proliferation for curbing the postoperative scar adhesion, in which the ATF6-mediated ERS pathway and autophagy are involved.
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Li X, Chen S, Yan L, Wang J, Pei M. Prospective application of stem cells to prevent post-operative skeletal fibrosis. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1236-1245. [PMID: 30835890 PMCID: PMC9202416 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Post-operative skeletal fibrosis is considered one of the major complications causing dysfunction of the skeletal system and compromising the outcomes of clinical treatment. Limited success has been achieved using current therapies; more effective therapies to reduce post-operative skeletal fibrosis are needed. Stem cells possess the ability to repair and regenerate damaged tissue. Numerous studies show that stem cells serve as a promising therapeutic approach for fibrotic diseases in tissues other than the skeletal system by inhibiting the inflammatory response and secreting favorable cytokines through activating specific signaling pathways, acting as so-called medicinal signaling cells. In this review, current therapies are summarized for post-operative skeletal fibrosis. Given that stem cells are used as a promising therapeutic approach for fibrotic diseases, little effort has been undertaken to use stem cells to prevent post-operative skeletal fibrosis. This review aims at providing useful information for the potential application of stem cells in preventing post-operative skeletal fibrosis in the near future. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1236-1245, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China,Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Song Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610083, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Orthopaedics Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225001, China,Co-Corresponding author: Jingcheng Wang, MD, Department of Orthopaedics, Subei People’s Hospital, 98 West Nantong Road, Yangzhou 225001, China;
| | - Ming Pei
- Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA,Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA,WVU Cancer Institute, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA,Corresponding author: Ming Pei MD, PhD, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, West Virginia University, PO Box 9196, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-9196, USA, Telephone: 304-293-1072; Fax: 304-293-7070;
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Zeng L, Sun Y, Li X, Wang J, Yan L. 10‑Hydroxycamptothecin induces apoptosis in human fibroblasts by regulating miRNA‑23b‑3p expression. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2680-2686. [PMID: 30720099 PMCID: PMC6423607 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) effectively controls epidural fibrosis, but the exact underlying mechanisms remain ambiguous. Abnormal microRNA (miR)-23b-3p expression has been detected in various types of fibrotic tissues that are present in different diseases. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms through which HCPT induces fibroblast apoptosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reactions were performed on six traumatic scar samples and matched normal skin samples; traumatic scar formation was revealed to be significantly inversely associated with miR-23b-3p expression. In addition, the miR-23b-3p expression level in human fibroblasts was examined following HCPT treatment. The effects of HCPT and miR-23b-3p on fibroblast apoptosis were assessed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, flow cytometry and western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that HCPT treatment notably increased miR-23b-3p expression levels and accelerated fibroblast apoptosis. Therefore, upregulation of miR-23b-3p expression was demonstrated to promote fibroblast apoptosis, consistently with the effects of HCPT. The results of the present study indicated that HCPT may induce fibroblast apoptosis by regulating miR-23b-3p expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingrong Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, P.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Orthopedic Institute, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410012, P.R. China
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Yao Z, Zheng W, Zhang X, Xiong H, Qian Y, Fan C. Hydroxycamptothecin Prevents Fibrotic Pathways in Fibroblasts In Vitro. IUBMB Life 2019; 71:653-662. [PMID: 30690843 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Peritendinous fibrosis, which leads to impaired tendon function, is a clinical problem worldwide, and it is urgent to explore potential ways to reduce the formation of peritendinous adhesion. Several studies have demonstrated the biological roles of hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) in inhibiting fibrosis in different tissues. In this study, we investigated whether HCPT could inhibit tendon fibrosis in vitro. Our results revealed that HCPT inhibited transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-induced cell viability of human fibroblasts, decreased excessive cell hyperproliferation and promoted fibroblasts apoptosis. In addition, HCPT treatment also inhibited expression of fibrosis genes COL3A1 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). In terms of mechanism, we pretreated fibroblasts with the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER) inhibitor salubrinal and RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) short hairpin RNA, these treatments abolished the inhibitory effects of HCPT on fibrosis, thereby suggesting that HCPT's inhibition of TGF-β1-induced tendon fibrosis might be mediated by the PERK signaling pathway in vitro. In conclusion, our results suggested that HCPT had protective effects on peritendinous tissue fibrosis and might be promising in future clinical applications. © 2019 IUBMB Life, 71(5):653-662, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiao Yao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangqi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Qian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cunyi Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Li X, Wang S, Dai J, Yan L, Zhao S, Wang J, Sun Y. Homoharringtonine prevents surgery-induced epidural fibrosis through endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 815:437-445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Dai J, Sun Y, Yan L, Wang J, Li X, He J. Upregulation of NOXA by 10-Hydroxycamptothecin plays a key role in inducing fibroblasts apoptosis and reducing epidural fibrosis. PeerJ 2017; 5:e2858. [PMID: 28097065 PMCID: PMC5237371 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrosis that develops following laminectomy or discectomy often causes serious complications, and the proliferation of fibroblasts is thought to be the major cause of epidural fibrosis. 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) has been proven to be efficient in preventing epidural fibrosis, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. NOXA is a significant regulator of cell apoptosis, which has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of fibrosis. We performed a series of experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, to explore the intrinsic mechanism of HCPT that underlies the induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts, and also to investigate whether HCPT has positive effects on epidural fibrosis following laminectomy in rats. Fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and stimulated by varying concentrations of HCPT (0, 1, 2, 4 µg/ml) for various durations (0, 24, 48, 72 h); the effect of HCPT in inducing the apoptosis of fibroblasts was investigated via Western blots and TUNEL assay. Our results showed that HCPT could induce apoptosis in fibroblasts and up-regulate the expression of NOXA. Following the knockdown of NOXA in fibroblasts, the results of Western blot analysis showed that the level of apoptotic markers, such as cleaved-PARP and Bax, was decreased. The results from the TUNEL assay also showed a decreased rate of apoptosis in NOXA-knocked down fibroblasts. For the in vivo studies, we performed a laminectomy at the L1-L2 levels in rats and applied HCPT of different concentrations (0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mg/ml and saline) locally; the macroscopic histological assessment, hydroxyproline content analysis and histological staining were performed to evaluate the effect of HCPT on reducing epidural fibrosis. The TUNEL assay in epidural tissues showed that HCPT could obviously induce apoptosis in fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Also, immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of NOXA increased as the concentrations of HCPT increased. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that upregulation of NOXA by HCPT plays a key role in inducing fibroblast apoptosis and in reducing epidural fibrosis. These findings might provide a potential therapeutic target for preventing epidural fibrosis following laminectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihang Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Orthopedics, Clinical medical college of Yangzhou University, Orthopaedic Institute, Subei People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yang Zhou, China
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