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Di Sotto A, Gullì M, Minacori M, Mancinelli R, Garzoli S, Percaccio E, Incocciati A, Romaniello D, Mazzanti G, Eufemi M, Di Giacomo S. β-Caryophyllene Counteracts Chemoresistance Induced by Cigarette Smoke in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer MDA-MB-468 Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092257. [PMID: 36140359 PMCID: PMC9496176 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) has been associated with an increased risk of fatal breast cancers and recurrence, along with chemoresistance and chemotherapy impairment. This strengthens the interest in chemopreventive agents to be exploited both in healthy and oncological subjects to prevent or repair CS damage. In the present study, we evaluated the chemopreventive properties of the natural sesquiterpene β-caryophyllene towards the damage induced by cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) in triple negative breast cancer MDA-MB-468 cells. Particularly, we assessed the ability of the sesquiterpene to interfere with the mechanisms exploited by CSC to promote cell survival and chemoresistance, including genomic instability, cell cycle progress, autophagy/apoptosis, cell migration and related pathways. β-Caryophyllene was found to be able to increase the CSC-induced death of MDA-MB-468 cells, likely triggering oxidative stress, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis; moreover, it hindered cell recovery, autophagy activation and cell migration; at last, a marked inhibition of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activation was highlighted: this could represent a key mechanism of the chemoprevention by β-caryophyllene. Although further studies are required to confirm the in vivo efficacy of β-caryophyllene, the present results suggest a novel strategy to reduce the harmful effect of smoke in cancer patients and to improve the survival expectations in breast cancer women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Di Sotto
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Marco Gullì
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Minacori
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ester Percaccio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Incocciati
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriela Mazzanti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.D.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Giacomo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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Wu N, Chen S, Luo Q, Jiang Z, Wang X, Li Y, Qiu J, Yu K, Yang Y, Zhuang J. Kruppel-like factor 2 acts as a tumor suppressor in human retinoblastoma. Exp Eye Res 2022; 216:108955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Jiang XC, Yu Y. The Role of Phospholipid Transfer Protein in the Development of Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:9. [PMID: 33496859 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00907-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), a member of lipid transfer protein family, is an important protein involved in lipid metabolism in the circulation. This article reviews recent PLTP research progresses, involving lipoprotein metabolism and atherogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS PLTP activity influences atherogenic and anti-atherogenic lipoprotein levels. Human serum PLTP activity is a risk factor for human cardiovascular disease and is an independent predictor of all-cause mortality. PLTP deficiency reduces VLDL and LDL levels and attenuates atherosclerosis in mouse models, while PLTP overexpression exerts an opposite effect. Both PLTP deficiency and overexpression result in reduction of HDL which has different size, inflammatory index, and lipid composition. Moreover, although both PLTP deficiency and overexpression reduce cholesterol efflux capacity, but this effect has no impact in macrophage reverse cholesterol transport in mice. Furthermore, PLTP activity is related with metabolic syndrome, thrombosis, and inflammation. PLTP could be target for the treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis, although some potential off-target effects should be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Cheng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Yang Yu
- Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, 271000, People's Republic of China
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Mondoñedo JR, Bartolák-Suki E, Bou Jawde S, Nelson K, Cao K, Sonnenberg A, Obrochta WP, Imsirovic J, Ram-Mohan S, Krishnan R, Suki B. A High-Throughput System for Cyclic Stretching of Precision-Cut Lung Slices During Acute Cigarette Smoke Extract Exposure. Front Physiol 2020; 11:566. [PMID: 32655401 PMCID: PMC7326018 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Precision-cut lung slices (PCLSs) are a valuable tool in studying tissue responses to an acute exposure; however, cyclic stretching may be necessary to recapitulate physiologic, tidal breathing conditions. Objectives To develop a multi-well stretcher and characterize the PCLS response following acute exposure to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). Methods A 12-well stretching device was designed, built, and calibrated. PCLS were obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 10) and assigned to one of three groups: 0% (unstretched), 5% peak-to-peak amplitude (low-stretch), and 5% peak-to-peak amplitude superimposed on 10% static stretch (high-stretch). Lung slices were cyclically stretched for 12 h with or without CSE in the media. Levels of Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and its tissue inhibitor (TIMP1), and membrane type-MMP (MT1-MMP) were assessed via western blot from tissue homogenate. Results The stretcher system produced nearly identical normal Lagrangian strains (Exx and Eyy, p > 0.999) with negligible shear strain (Exy < 0.0005) and low intra-well variability 0.127 ± 0.073%. CSE dose response curve was well characterized by a four-parameter logistic model (R2 = 0.893), yielding an IC50 value of 0.018 cig/mL. Cyclic stretching for 12 h did not decrease PCLS viability. Two-way ANOVA detected a significant interaction between CSE and stretch pattern for IL-1β (p = 0.017), MMP-1, TIMP1, and MT1-MMP (p < 0.001). Conclusion This platform is capable of high-throughput testing of an acute exposure under tightly-regulated, cyclic stretching conditions. We conclude that the acute mechano-inflammatory response to CSE exhibits complex, stretch-dependence in the PCLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred R Mondoñedo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States.,Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Bartolák-Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Samer Bou Jawde
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kara Nelson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kun Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adam Sonnenberg
- Department of Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Walter Patrick Obrochta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jasmin Imsirovic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sumati Ram-Mohan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ramaswamy Krishnan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Béla Suki
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
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Fan HN, Zhu MY, Peng SQ, Zhu JS, Zhang J, Qu GQ. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits the growth and invasion of gastric cancer cells by regulating cyclin D1-CDK4-Rb signaling. Pathol Res Pract 2020; 216:152795. [PMID: 31879047 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2019.152795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), a semisynthetic derivative of artemisinin, has a broad range of biological properties, including antitumor activity. However, the mechanisms by which DHA affects the tumorigenesis of gastric carcinoma (GC) are poorly understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS The targets of DHA were identified by network pharmacology, and the association of CDK4 with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in patients with GC was analyzed by using TCGA data. CCK8, Transwell and flow cytometric analyses, as well as a tumor xenograft model, were used to assess the effects of DHA on the growth and migration of GC cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses were used to determine the effects of DHA on the cyclin D1-CDK4-Rb signaling pathway. RESULTS We identified 13 DHA targets and measured their expression of whichCDK4 expression levels were substantially higher in GC tissues than those in adjacent normal tissues, and high CDK4 expression acted as an independent prognostic factor of poor survival in patients with GC. DHA suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo and induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest in a dose-dependent manner by regulating cyclin D1-CDK4-Rb signaling. CONCLUSIONS DHA inhibits the tumorigenesis and invasion of GC by regulating cyclin D1-CDK4-Rb signaling and may provide therapeutic strategies for the treatment of GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ning Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Mei-Ying Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Shi-Qiao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jin-Shui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Guo-Qiang Qu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital East Campus, Shanghai 201603, China.
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He S, Chen M, Lin X, Lv Z, Liang R, Huang L. Triptolide inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of ASMCs through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and suppression of the AKT/NF-κB/cyclinD1 signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 867:172811. [PMID: 31756335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal proliferation of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) is a hallmark of airway remodeling. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is known to be a major stimulus inducing the proliferation of ASMCs. It has been reported that triptolide demonstrates protective effects against airway remodeling. In this study, we investigated the antiproliferative effects of triptolide on PDGF-induced ASMCs and its underlying mechanisms. Cell proliferation was determined using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Flow cytometry was used to study the influence of triptolide on cell cycle and apoptosis. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis were employed to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclinD1 and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). Proteins involved in the protein kinase B (AKT) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways were evaluated using Western blot analysis. Triptolide could significantly inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and reduce the expression of PCNA, cyclinD1, and CDK4 in PDGF-treated ASMCs. Levels of phosphorylated AKT, p65 and NF-κB inhibitor α (IκBα) stimulated by the presence of PDGF were markedly suppressed after triptolide treatment. Moreover, triptolide cotreatment with the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3k) inhibitor, 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenylchromone (LY294002), could further suppress the proliferation, NF-κB activation and cyclinD1 expression. Similar results were observed after triptolide cotreatment with the NF-κB inhibitor, ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC). Our results suggest that triptolide could inhibit the PDGF-induced proliferation of ASMCs through G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and suppression of the AKT/NF-κB/cyclinD1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyun He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xiaoling Lin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lv
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ruiyun Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Linjie Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
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Wang J, Yang J, Cheng X, Yin F, Zhao Y, Zhu Y, Yan Z, Khodaei F, Ommati MM, Manthari RK, Wang J. Influence of Calcium Supplementation against Fluoride-Mediated Osteoblast Impairment in Vitro: Involvement of the Canonical Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10285-10295. [PMID: 31443611 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride (F) is capable of promoting abnormal proliferation and differentiation in primary cultured mouse osteoblasts (OB cells), although the underlying mechanism responsible remains rare. This study aimed to explore the roles of wingless and INT-1 (Wnt) signaling pathways and screen appropriate doses of calcium (Ca2+) to alleviate the sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced OB cell toxicity. For this, we evaluated the effect of dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) and Ca2+ on mRNA levels of wingless/integrated 3a (Wnt3a), low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), dishevelled 1 (Dv1), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), β-catenin, lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 (LEF1), and cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene (cMYC), as well as Ccnd1 (Cyclin D1) in OB cells challenged with 10-6 mol/L NaF for 24 h. The demonstrated data showed that F significantly increased the OB cell proliferation rate. Ectogenic 0.5 mg/L DKK1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of OB cells induced by F. The mRNA expression levels of Wnt3a, LRP5, Dv1, LEF1, β-catenin, cMYC, and Ccnd1 were significantly increased in the F group, while significantly decreased in the 10-6 mol/L NaF + 0.5 mg/L DKK1 (FY) group. The mRNA expression levels of Wnt3a, LRP5, β-catenin, and cMYC were significantly decreased in the 10-6 mol/L NaF + 2 mmol/L CaCl2 (F+CaII) group. The protein expression levels of Wnt3a, Cyclin D1, cMYC, and β-catenin were significantly increased in the F group, whereas they were decreased in the F+CaII group. However, the mRNA and protein expression levels of GSK3β were significantly decreased in the F group while significantly increased in the F+CaII group. In summary, F activated the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway and changed the related gene expression and β-catenin protein location in OB cells, promoting cell proliferation. Ca2+ supplementation (2 mmol/L) reversed the expression levels of genes and proteins related to the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Jiarong Yang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Cheng
- College of Arts and Sciences , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Fengfeng Yin
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Yangfei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Yaya Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Zipeng Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Forouzan Khodaei
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Ommati
- College of Life Sciences , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Ram Kumar Manthari
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
| | - Jundong Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Veterinary Medicine , Shanxi Agricultural University , Taigu , 030801 Shanxi , P. R. China
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The effects of cigarette smoking extracts on cell cycle and tumor spread: novel evidence. Future Sci OA 2019. [DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Pezzuto A, Citarella F, Croghan I, Tonini G. The effects of cigarette smoking extracts on cell cycle and tumor spread: novel evidence. Future Sci OA 2019; 5:FSO394. [PMID: 31205749 PMCID: PMC6556819 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is a major preventable risk factor for lung cancer, contributing to lung cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, cigarette smoking correlates with increased metastasis frequency of pancreatic, breast and bladder cancer. The aim of this review was to examine the role of cigarette smoke extract in cell cycle and cancer progression. Clinical impact and the effects of cigarette smoke extract on carcinogenesis are discussed. 98 of the over 5000 chemicals in tobacco smoke are known carcinogens that can act on cancer genes such as K-RAS and p53. Through various mechanisms these compounds can activate molecules involved in the cell cycle, such as cyclins, and molecules involved in apoptosis and autophagy, such as Beclin-1 or LC3B. A search of the literature, including in vitro and in vivo studies, was carried out and the results summarized. There is evidence of cancerogenic effects of cigarette smoke compounds. Cigarette smoke extract is a tobacco condensate obtained by filtration processes. Studies have shown that it can modify the cell cycle, inducing uncontrolled cell proliferation. This effect occurs through activation of genetic and epigenetic pathways and increasing the expression of proteins involved in inflammation. The pathways activated by cigarette smoke extract open up opportunities for researchers to develop new targeted therapies toward the specific molecules involved. Furthermore, the effects exerted by cigarette smoke extract on normal epithelial cells hold potential for use in the development of prevention medicine and early cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Pezzuto
- Cardiovascular & Thoracic Department, AOU Sant'Andrea, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Ivana Croghan
- Department of Medicine Clinical Research Office & Primary Care Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Oncology Department, Campus Bio-Medico Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
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Zheng R, Liu Q, Wang T, Wang L, Zhang Y. FAM98A promotes proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells via the P38-ATF2 signaling pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:2269-2278. [PMID: 30100758 PMCID: PMC6067791 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s163323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background FAM98A, a novel protein, is expressed in ovarian and colorectal cancer tissues. However, the association between FAM98A expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains undetermined. Materials and methods The FAM98A expression pattern was determined in NSCLC samples and corresponding adjacent normal lung tissues using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. The association of FAM98A expression with clinicopathological characteristics was measured in 131 NSCLC samples. Finally, the overexpression and inhibition of FAM98A was performed in the A549 and SPC-A1 cell lines to explore its role in the development of lung cancer. Results Western blot analysis of 20 paired NSCLC samples showed that expression of FAM98A was higher in lung cancer tissues than in the corresponding adjacent normal lung tissues (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical staining of 128 NSCLC specimens showed that expression of FAM98A was significantly higher in lung cancer samples than in adjacent normal lung tissues (118/128 vs 10/128; p<0.001). Positive expression of FAM98A was significantly related to tumor TNM stage (p<0.05) and lymph node metastasis (p<0.001). Additionally, overexpression of FAM98A induced an increase in the expression of phosphorylated P38, phosphorylated ATF2, and cyclin D1, which promoted proliferation of lung cancer cells. Correspondingly, the effects of FAM98A overexpression were reversed by administration of a specific inhibitor of phosphorylated P38. Conclusion FAM98A was overexpressed in the cytoplasm of NSCLC samples and correlated with advanced TNM staging and lymph node metastasis. Thus, FAM98A increases the expression of cyclin D1 by activating the P38-ATF2 signaling pathway and subsequently enhancing tumor cell proliferation; these results are promising and need further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Quanbo Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Tianxu Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Lili Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China,
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, China,
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Wieczfinska J, Kowalczyk T, Sitarek P, Skała E, Pawliczak R. Analysis of Short-Term Smoking Effects in PBMC of Healthy Subjects-Preliminary Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1021. [PMID: 29783661 PMCID: PMC5982060 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15051021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Early structural changes exist in the small airways before the establishment of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). These changes are believed to be induced by oxidation. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of short-term smoking on the expression of the genes contributing to airway remodeling and their relationship with the oxidative status of human blood cells. Blood mononuclear cells were isolated from 16 healthy volunteers and treated with cigarette smoke ingredients (CSI): nicotine, 1-Nitrosodimethylamine, N-Nitrosopyrrolidyne, vinyl chloride, acetone, and acrolein. The expression of TGF-β1, TIMP-1, SOD1, and arginase I was determined by qPCR. Additionally, thiol groups and TBARs were assessed. CSI induced TGF and TIMP-1 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and apocynin alleviated this effect. The changes were more noticeable in the smoking group (p < 0.05). TBARs concentrations were higher in smokers, and in this group, apocynin acted more effectively. SOD1 correlated with arginase expression in smokers (p < 0.05). MMP-9 showed a significant correlation with SOD1 in both groups, but only on the protein level. Blood cells appear to mirror the general changes caused by cigarette smoke ingredients, which seem to be connected with the oxidative status of the cell. Our findings indicate that a short period of smoking influences the gene expression and oxidative balance of blood cells, which might result in the development of serious disorders such as COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Wieczfinska
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Kowalczyk
- Department of Genetics and Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lodz, Lodz 90-237, Poland.
| | - Przemyslaw Sitarek
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-151, Poland.
| | - Ewa Skała
- Department of Biology and Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-151, Poland.
| | - Rafal Pawliczak
- Department of Immunopathology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz 90-752, Poland.
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He X, Zhang C, Shi C, Lu Q. Meta-analysis of mRNA expression profiles to identify differentially expressed genes in lung adenocarcinoma tissue from smokers and non-smokers. Oncol Rep 2018; 39:929-938. [PMID: 29328493 PMCID: PMC5802042 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared to other types of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma patients with a history of smoking have a poor prognosis during the treatment of lung cancer. How lung adenocarcinoma-related genes are differentially expressed between smoker and non-smoker patients has yet to be fully elucidated. We performed a meta-analysis of four publicly available microarray datasets related to lung adenocarcinoma tissue in patients with a history of smoking using R statistical software. The top 50 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in smoking vs. non‑smoking patients are shown using heat maps. Additionally, we conducted KEGG and GO analyses. In addition, we performed a PPI network analysis for 8 genes that were selected during a previous analysis. We identified a total of 2,932 DEGs (1,806 upregulated, 1,126 downregulated) and five genes (CDC45, CDC20, ANAPC7, CDC6, ESPL1) that may link lung adenocarcinoma to smoking history. Our study may provide new insights into the complex mechanisms of lung adenocarcinoma in smoking patients, and our novel gene expression signatures will be useful for future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona He
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Chao Shi
- Center for Experimental Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Quqin Lu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Shan Y, Cao W, Wang T, Jiang G, Zhang Y, Yang X. ZNF259 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer cells proliferation and invasion by FAK-AKT signaling. Cancer Manag Res 2017; 9:879-889. [PMID: 29276408 PMCID: PMC5733926 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s150614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Zinc finger protein 259 (ZNF259) is known to play essential roles in embryonic development and cell cycle regulation. However, its expression pattern and clinicopathological relevance remain unclear. Materials and methods A total of 114 lung cancer specimens were collected. The ZNF259 expression was measured between the lung cancer tissues and the adjacent normal lung tissues by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. Moreover, the correlation of ZNF259 expression with clinicopathological features was analyzed in 114 cases of lung cancer. Additionally, ZNF259 was depleted in the lung cancer cells in order to analyze its effect in the lung cancer. Results Immunohistochemical staining of 114 lung cancer specimens revealed significantly lower ZNF259 expression in lung cancer tissues than in adjacent normal lung tissues (53.5% vs 71.4%, P<0.001). In addition, ZNF259 downregulation was significantly associated with larger tumor size (P=0.001), advanced TNM stage (P=0.002), and positive lymph node metastasis (P=0.02). Western blotting of 20 paired lung cancer samples revealed lower ZNF259 protein levels in lung cancer tissues than in those of corresponding normal lung tissues (P=0.0032). Depletion of ZNF259 resulted in enhanced levels of p-FAK and p-AKT, CyclinD1, and MMP2, which in turn increased the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells. The effects of ZNF259 depletion were reversed by treatment with specific FAK or AKT inhibitors. Conclusion ZNF259 depletion is correlated with the development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and serves as a predictor of adverse clinical outcome in NSCLC patients. The inhibitory effect of ZNF259 on proliferation and invasion can be attributed to downregulation of CyclinD1 and MMP2 via inactivation of the FAK-AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemei Shan
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Applied Technology, Institute of Technology of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guiyang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xianghong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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