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Oliveira ESC, Acho LDR, Morales-Gamba RD, do Rosário AS, Barcellos JFM, Lima ES, Machado MB. Hypoglycemic effect of the dry leaf extract of Myrcia multiflora in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 307:116241. [PMID: 36754187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Myrcia multiflora (Lam) DC. is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine for diabetes control, mainly in the Brazilian Amazon. The leaves of this species has already demonstrated antidiabetic properties; however, in mice with type 2 diabetes (DM2), the cumulative effect of the consumption of the dry extract of M. multiflora leaves (Mm) has not yet been reported. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect of the dry extract obtained from the infusion of the dried leaves of M. multiflora on the blood glucose levels of diabetic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS DM2 was induced in Swiss male mice by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin [150 mg/kg body weight (bw)]. The animals were divided into two control groups (healthy and diabetic without treatment) and three sample groups that received Mm (25 and 50 mg/kg bw) and acarbose (200 mg/kg bw) by gavage once daily for 28 days (D28). Additionally, biochemical parameters, thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels in the liver, and histopathological analyses of the kidneys and liver were performed. RESULTS On the seventh day of treatment, a 74.7% reduction in glucose levels were observed in the group of diabetic animals treated with Mm (50 mg/kg bw) when compared to the beginning of the treatment. At D28, the hypoglycemic effect was maintained. The results of the biochemical and histopathological parameters and the TBARS levels suggest that this dry extract exerts nephro- and hepatoprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate the potential that this extract has to inhibit the α-glucosidase enzyme, and it acts similarly to the positive control acarbose. Furthermore, this extract is nephro- and hepatoprotective. Therefore, this dry extract has the potential to be an adjuvant for DM2, which corroborates its use in folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinilze S C Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Leonard D R Acho
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ruben Dario Morales-Gamba
- Programa de Pós-graduação Em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S do Rosário
- Engenharia Florestal, Campus Paragominas, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | - José Fernando M Barcellos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Machado
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Oliveira ESC, Acho LDR, da Silva BJP, Morales-Gamba RD, Pontes FLD, do Rosário AS, Bezerra JDA, Campos FR, Barcellos JFM, Lima ES, Machado MB. Hypoglycemic effect and toxicity of the dry extract of Eugenia biflora (L.) DC. leaves. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 293:115276. [PMID: 35421528 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The leaves of Eugenia biflora (Myrtaceae) are traditionally used by Amazonian populations for the control of diabetes. However, their chemical composition has not yet been described and pharmacological evidence has not been reported. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the chemical constituents and evaluate the hypoglycemic and toxic effect of the dry extract of the E. biflora leaves (DEEB). MATERIALS AND METHODS DEEB, obtained by infusion, was analyzed using LC-HRMS and NMR, whose the catechin flavonoid was quantified using NMR. The antidiabetic effect of DEEB was evaluated according to its inhibition of the enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as the content of total phenols, free radical scavengingand antiglycation activities, and its in vitro cell viability. Oral maltose tolerance and chronic multiple dose tests (28 days) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (STZ) were performed. The hypoglycemic effect and toxicity of this extract were evaluated in the multiple dose assay. Biochemical parameters, hemolysis, and levels of the thiobarbituric acid reactive species in the liver were investigated and histopathological analyses of the kidneys and liver were performed. RESULTS Eight phenolic compounds were identified, with catechin (15.5 ± 1.7 mg g-1) being the majority compound and a possible chemical marker of DEEB. The extract showed inhibition activity of the enzyme α-glucosidase. Chronic administration of DEEB (50 mg/kg of body weight) reduced glucose levels in diabetic animals, similar to acarbose; however, DEEB (100 and 200 mg/kg bw) caused premature death of mice by D22 of the treatment. Our data indicate that one of the mechanisms of toxicity in DEEB may be related to the aggravation of oxidative stress in the liver. This histopathological study indicated that DEEB failed to minimize the progression of the toxicity of diabetes caused by STZ. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the hypoglycemic potential of E. biflora leaves. However, the prolonged use of this tea can be harmful to its users due to its considerable toxicity, which needs to be better investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edinilze S C Oliveira
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Leonard D R Acho
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Janaína P da Silva
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Ruben Dario Morales-Gamba
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Flávia L D Pontes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Alessandro S do Rosário
- Engenharia Florestal, Campus Paragominas, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Paragominas, Pará, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline de A Bezerra
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Ambiente e Alimentos, Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Francinete R Campos
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - José Fernando M Barcellos
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- Laboratório de Atividade Biológica, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Marcos B Machado
- Núcleo de Estudos Químicos de Micromoléculas da Amazônia - NEQUIMA, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Eckerbom P, Hansell P, Cox E, Buchanan C, Weis J, Palm F, Francis S, Liss P. Circadian variation in renal blood flow and kidney function in healthy volunteers monitored with noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F966-F978. [PMID: 33073586 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00311.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian regulation of kidney function is involved in maintaining whole body homeostasis, and dysfunctional circadian rhythm can potentially be involved in disease development. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides reliable and reproducible repetitive estimates of kidney function noninvasively without the risk of adverse events associated with contrast agents and ionizing radiation. The purpose of this study was to estimate circadian variations in kidney function in healthy human subjects with MRI and to relate the findings to urinary excretions of electrolytes and markers of kidney function. Phase-contrast imaging, arterial spin labeling, and blood oxygen level-dependent transverse relaxation rate (R2*) mapping were used to assess total renal blood flow and regional perfusion as well as intrarenal oxygenation in eight female and eight male healthy volunteers every fourth hour during a 24-h period. Parallel with MRI scans, standard urinary and plasma parameters were quantified. Significant circadian variations of total renal blood flow were found over 24 h, with increasing flow from noon to midnight and decreasing flow during the night. In contrast, no circadian variation in intrarenal oxygenation was detected. Urinary excretions of electrolytes, osmotically active particles, creatinine, and urea all displayed circadian variations, peaking during the afternoon and evening hours. In conclusion, total renal blood flow and kidney function, as estimated from excretion of electrolytes and waste products, display profound circadian variations, whereas intrarenal oxygenation displays significantly less circadian variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Eckerbom
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Hansell
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eleanor Cox
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Buchanan
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jan Weis
- Department of Medical Physics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Palm
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Susan Francis
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Per Liss
- Section of Radiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Zhang W, Wang HY, Wang HX, Zhu ZY. Synthesis and inhibition of α-glucosidase of methyl glycyrrhetinate glycosides. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:1874-1880. [PMID: 31305136 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1639181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of the methyl glycyrrhetinate glycosides and inhibition of α-glucosidase were studied. The carboxyl group of glycyrrhetinic acid was methylated, and glucose and galactose were introduced into the hydroxyl group to obtain compounds 7 and 12. Compound 1, 2, 7, 12 and glycyrrhizic acid (GL) were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase. As a result, Compound 1, 2, 7, 12 and GL all showed significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and IC50 values were 0.465, 1.352, 0.759, 0.687 and 2.085 mM, respectively, and acted as non-competitive inhibitors. The activity of the compound 2, 7, 12 was lower than compound 1, but significantly higher than GL. Therefore, it was concluded that the change of structure in glycyrrhetinic acid by chemical modification had certain effect on bioactivity, and the change of carboxyl group, hydroxyl group and the type of monosaccharide introduced were the influencing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - He-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Huai-Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yuan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China.,College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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