1
|
Joyce RL, Tibbs GR, David Warren J, Costa CJ, Aromolaran K, Lea Sanford R, Andersen OS, Li Z, Zhang G, Willis DE, Goldstein PA. Probucol is anti-hyperalgesic in a mouse peripheral nerve injury model of neuropathic pain. NEUROBIOLOGY OF PAIN (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2023; 14:100141. [PMID: 38099280 PMCID: PMC10719523 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynpai.2023.100141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
2,6-di-tert-butylphenol (2,6-DTBP) ameliorates mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia produced by partial sciatic nerve ligation in mice, and selectively inhibits HCN1 channel gating. We hypothesized that the clinically utilized non-anesthetic dimerized congener of 2,6-DTBP, probucol (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-[2-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfanylpropan-2-ylsulfanyl]phenol), would relieve the neuropathic phenotype that results from peripheral nerve damage, and that the anti-hyperalgesic efficacy in vivo would correlate with HCN1 channel inhibition in vitro. A single oral dose of probucol (800 mg/kg) relieved mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in a mouse spared-nerve injury neuropathic pain model. While the low aqueous solubility of probucol precluded assessment of its possible interaction with HCN1 channels, our results, in conjunction with recent data demonstrating that probucol reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, support the testing/development of probucol as a non-opioid, oral antihyperalgesic albeit one of unknown mechanistic action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Joyce
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Ave., Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gareth R. Tibbs
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Ave., Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - J. David Warren
- Dept. of Biochemistry, 413 E. 69th Street, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Kelly Aromolaran
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Ave., Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - R. Lea Sanford
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, 1300 York Ave., Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olaf S. Andersen
- Dept. of Physiology & Biophysics, 1300 York Ave., Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhucui Li
- Dept. of Biochemistry, 413 E. 69th Street, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guoan Zhang
- Dept. of Biochemistry, 413 E. 69th Street, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dianna E. Willis
- Burke Neurological Institute, 785 Mamaroneck Avenue, White Plains, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
| | - Peter A. Goldstein
- Dept. of Anesthesiology, 1300 York Ave., Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, NY, USA
- Dept. of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cui X, Xie B, Wang H, Liu F, Mei L, Qin F, Zhang J, Yi X. Preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury with probucol and hydration in patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33273. [PMID: 36930109 PMCID: PMC10019121 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is critical because of its association with poor clinical outcomes, including extended hospital stays and increased mortality. The effects of probucol on preventing CI-AKI have been controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the influence of probucol combined with hydration on the CI-AKI risk in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS We retrieved data from the following databases from their inception to May 29, 2022: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (Sinomed), Wanfang Database, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed following the Cochrane Handbook guidelines, and Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software were used for the data analysis. RESULTS We included 14 trials comprising 3306 patients in the analysis. All included trials reported the CI-AKI incidence rate (the primary outcome). Probucol with hydration significantly reduced the CI-AKI incidence compared to hydration alone (odds ratio [OR]: 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25-0.44, P < .001). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the contrast medium type (iso-osmolality vs low-osmolality contrast medium [LOCM]) and volume (less than or more than 200 mL); the effects of probucol with hydration versus hydration-only on CI-AKI were comparable within each subgroup. Additionally, the serum creatinine (Scr) concentration 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 72 hours after contrast exposure were better in the probucol with hydration group than the hydration-only group. Finally, major clinical adverse events and adverse drug reactions were comparable between the probucol with hydration and hydration-only groups. CONCLUSION Probucol with hydration decreases the CI-AKI incidence compared to hydration only in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing CAG or PCI. However, more high-quality, large-sample, multicenter randomized trials are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fuqiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | | | - Fang Qin
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
HHcy Induces Pyroptosis and Atherosclerosis via the Lipid Raft-Mediated NOX-ROS-NLRP3 Inflammasome Pathway in apoE -/- Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152438. [PMID: 35954287 PMCID: PMC9368640 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid rafts play important roles in signal transduction, particularly in responses to inflammatory processes. The current study aimed to identify whether lipid raft-mediated inflammation contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy)-accelerated atherosclerosis (AS), and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. THP-1-derived macrophages were used for in vitro experiments. ApoE−/− mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to establish an AS model, and a high-fat plus high-methionine diet was used to induce HHcy. We found that homocysteine (Hcy) increased the expression of p22phox and p67phox and promoted their recruitment into lipid rafts (indicating the assembly of the NOX complex), thereby increasing ROS generation and NOX activity, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis. Mechanistically, Hcy activated the NOX-ROS-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway and induced pyroptosis by increasing the expression of acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) to promote the formation of lipid raft clustering. Importantly, lipid raft-mediated pyroptosis was confirmed in HHcy mice, and HHcy-promoted macrophage recruitment in atherosclerotic lesions and HHcy-aggravated AS were blocked by the lipid raft disruptor methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The study findings indicate that Hcy promotes lipid raft clustering via the upregulation of ASM, which mediates the assembly of the NOX complex, causing an increase in ROS generation, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and pyroptosis, and contributes to HHcy-induced AS.
Collapse
|
4
|
Farahmand F, Malik A, Sharma A, Bagchi AK, Singal PK. Role of oxidative stress versus lipids in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15090. [PMID: 34816616 PMCID: PMC8611258 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a global health issue with a prevalence of 10% in ages >65 years. Right heart failure (RHF) is the main cause of death in PH. We have previously shown that monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PH and RHF are due to an increase in oxidative stress. In this study, probucol (PROB), a strong antioxidant with a lipid-lowering property, versus lovastatin (LOV), a strong lipid-lowering drug with some antioxidant effects, were evaluated for their effects on the MCT-induced RHF. Rats were treated (I.P.) with PROB (10 mg/kg ×12) or LOV (4 mg/kg ×12), daily 6 days before and 6 days after a single MCT injection (60 mg/kg). Serial echocardiography was performed and at 4-week post-MCT, lung wet-to-dry weight, hemodynamics, RV glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, lipid peroxidation, and myocardial as well as plasma lipids were examined. MCT increased RV systolic and diastolic pressures, wall thickness, RV end diastolic diameter, mortality, and decreased ejection fraction as well as pulmonary artery acceleration time. These changes were mitigated by PROB while LOV had no effect. Furthermore, PROB prevented lipid peroxidation, lowered lipids, and increased GSHPx and SOD in RV myocardium. LOV did decrease the lipids but had no effect on antioxidants and lipid peroxidation. A reduction in oxidative stress and not the lipid-lowering effect of PROB may explain the prevention of MCT-induced PH, RHF, and mortality. Thus targeting of oxidative stress as an adjuvant therapy is suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Akshi Malik
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Anita Sharma
- Research and Graduate StudiesThompson Rivers UniversityKamloopsCanada
| | - Ashim K. Bagchi
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Pawan K. Singal
- Institute of Cardiovascular SciencesSt. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research CentreDepartment of Physiology and PathophysiologyRady Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang H, Zhang K, Ruan Z, Sun D, Zhang H, Lin G, Hu L, Zhao S, Fu Q. Probucol enhances the therapeutic efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in diabetic rats by prolonging their survival time via Nrf2 pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:302. [PMID: 32693824 PMCID: PMC7374958 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01788-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracavernous injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising method for diabetic mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED), but short survival time of MSCs in cavernous is a fatal defect for therapy. This study investigated therapeutic efficiency and potential mechanism of probucol combined with MSCs. METHODS In vivo study, a total of forty-eight 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used. Twelve rats received intraperitoneal injection of PBS as the sham group; the rest received intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin to establish DM models. DM rats were randomly divided into three groups: received intracavernosal (IC) injection of either PBS (DM group), MSCs (M group), or administrated probucol after intracavernosal injection of MSCs (P + M group). Erectile function was assessed by electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerves with real-time intracavernous pressure measurement. After euthanasia, penile tissue was investigated for histologic examination and Western blotting. In in vitro experiment, H2O2 was used to create oxidative stress environment to detect changes in cell viability. CCK8 was used to measure cell viability of MSCs treated with or without probucol. Intracellular ROS changes were detected by flow cytometry. Autophagy and apoptosis were detected by Western blotting and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Recovery of erectile function was observed in the P + M group. The combination therapy decreased fibrosis and increased endothelial function compared with MSC therapy alone. Western blotting results confirmed the increased expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in cavernous body. H2O2 induced high oxidative stress and reduced cell viability in vitro, which was gradually reversed with increased concentration of probucol. H2O2 reduced Nrf2 expression, which was reversed by probucol's intervention. Furthermore, the expression of Bax, Caspase3, and Cleaved-Caspase3 decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 increased in a dose-dependent manner because of probucol's intervention. In addition, Beclin1 and LC3II both increased in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the expression of P62 decreased. In the study of autophagy flux, we found probucol did not block it. CONCLUSION Probucol enhanced therapeutic efficiency of MSCs in DMED by prolonging their survival time, which mediated through improving the transplanted microenvironment of MSCs, increasing self-antioxidant ability of MSCs, strengthening protective autophagy, and inhibiting apoptosis of MSCs via Nrf2 pathway. Schematic model showing combined probucol and MSCs to improve DMED. Probucol increases self-antioxidant ability of MSCs, strengthening protective autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis via Nrf2/HO-1 and Nrf2/autophagy pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Ruan
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an, 271000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingqi Sun
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiting Lin
- Knuppe Molecular Urology Laboratory, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liangliang Hu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, 277000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengtian Zhao
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jingwuweiqi Road 324#, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Probucol Prevents Diabetes-Induced Retinal Neuronal Degeneration through Upregulating Nrf2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3862509. [PMID: 32149102 PMCID: PMC7042517 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3862509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a sight-threatening complication of diabetes. This study investigated the therapeutic effect of probucol in a mouse model of diabetic retinopathy. C57BL/6 mice were rendered diabetic through Streptozotocin (STZ) intraperitoneal injection. Mice were treated with probucol (150 mg/kg, gavage administration) or vehicle (DMSO) for 12 weeks. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus photography (FP), and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were conducted to evaluate retinal structure and damage. Eyes were collected for histology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay, apoptotic cells count, and western blot. After STZ injection, all mice developed hyperglycemia. Compared with the retina of the control group, the retina of diabetic mice showed enhanced arterial reflex and beaded vein dilatation. Besides, reduced inner and middle retinal thickness and significantly fewer nuclei were found in diabetic retina. Moreover, the diabetic retina also presented increased ROS generation and more TUNEL-positive cells. Probucol treatment prevented diabetes-induced lesions. In addition, the treatment also upregulated Nrf2 expression in diabetic retina. It was suggested that probucol attenuated diabetes-induced retinal neuronal degeneration via upregulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway possibly. Probucol may be repurposed for DR management.
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Y, Shi Y, Xu X, Ge W, Yang S, Lu C. Effects of probucol on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16049. [PMID: 31232940 PMCID: PMC6636920 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to explore the effects of probucol on contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). METHODS In total, 220 patients undergoing PCI were randomly assigned to either the control group (hydration from 12 hours before to 12 hours after contrast administration; n = 110) or the probucol group (hydration plus probucol 500 mg twice daily 1 day before and 3 days after the operation; n = 110). The primary endpoint was the occurrence of serum creatinine (Scr)-based CIAKI, defined as an absolute increase in Scr by 0.5 mg/dl (44.2 μmol/L) or a relative 25% increase from baseline within 48 to 72 hours after exposure to contrast medium. The secondary outcomes were composite variations in Scr, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) within 48 to 72 hours, and major adverse events during hospitalization or the 7-day follow-up period after PCI. RESULTS The overall incidence of Scr-based CIAKI was 7.3% (16/220): 5.5% (6/110) in the control group and 9.1% (10/110) in the probucol group (χ = 1.078, P = .298). There were no significant differences in the occurrence rate of major adverse events during hospitalization or the 7-day follow-up period after PCI between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that probucol was not an independent protective factor for CIAKI (odds ratio, 1.825; 95% confidence interval, 0.639-5.212; P = .261). However, hydration was an independent protective factor (odds ratio, 0.997; 95% confidence interval, 0.995-0.999; P = .004). CONCLUSION Probucol cannot effectively reduce the incidence of CIAKI through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
- Department of Cardiology
| | - Yun Shi
- First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin
| | | | | | - Shuo Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Shangqiu, Shangqiu, Henan
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cao L, Guo Y, Zhu Z. Study of the Inflammatory Mechanisms in Hyperhomocysteinemia on Large-Artery Atherosclerosis Based on Hypersensitive C-Reactive Protein-A Study from Southern China. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2019; 28:1816-1823. [PMID: 31080137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the inflammatory mechanism of hyperhomocysteinemia on large-artery atherosclerosis based on hypersensitive C-reactive protein in patients. METHODS In all, 153 inpatients and 1357 physical examinees were selected. The levels of homocysteine were compared between the carotid/intracranial artery stenosis group and the nonstenosis group, between the carotid artery unstable plaque group and the nonplaque group, and between the intima-media thickness (IMT) greater than or equal to 1 group and the normal IMT group. The hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels were compared between the lacunar infarction (LI) group and the nonstroke control group and between the unstable plaque group and the nonplaque group. RESULTS Homocysteine level was significantly higher in the carotid/intracranial artery stenosis group than in the nonstenosis group, in the LI group than in the inpatient nonstroke group, and in the IMT greater than or equal to 1 group than in the normal IMT group. The hypersensitive C-reactive protein level was significantly higher in the LI group than in the nonstroke group and in the unstable plaque group than in the nonplaque group. CONCLUSIONS Hyperhomocysteinemia may aggravate the development of IMT, carotid atherosclerotic plaque instability, and carotid/intracranial artery stenosis by increasing inflammation, ultimately leading to the occurrence of LI. Hyperhomocysteinemia-induced inflammation mechanism warrants further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liming Cao
- Department of neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guang zhou, China; Department of Neurology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen City, China.
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen City, China
| | - Zhishan Zhu
- Department of Neurology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen City, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen Y, Hu K, Bu H, Si Z, Sun H, Chen L, Liu H, Xie H, Zhao P, Yang L, Sun Q, Liu Z, Cui L, Cui Y. Probucol protects circulating endothelial progenitor cells from ambient PM 2.5 damage via inhibition of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokine production in vivo. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4322-4328. [PMID: 30542381 PMCID: PMC6257429 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contribute to angiogenesis and vascular repair. The number and function of EPCs are significantly decreased following exposure to ambient fine particulate matter of ≤2.5 µm in diameter (PM2.5) through reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and inflammatory cytokine secretion. The anti-oxidant drug probucol reduces ROS and inflammatory cytokine production. The present study was designed to determine the protective effects of probucol on EPCs from PM2.5-associated impairment in vivo and to explore the potential underlying mechanisms. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ambient air containing PM2.5 for one month with or without probucol treatment. Mice that breathed filtered air were used as a control group. Serum and blood cells were collected for analysis. The results indicated that PM2.5 exposure induced increases in blood intracellular ROS, serum inflammatory cytokine levels and the blood cell apoptotic rate, while it decreased the number and proliferation rate of circulating EPCs in the mice with PM2.5 exposure. These effects were significantly reduced/abrogated by probucol treatment. The present in vivo study suggested that probucol protects EPCs from damage through PM2.5 exposure by inhibiting ROS generation and inflammatory cytokine production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Emergency, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haoran Bu
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Zhihua Si
- Department of Neurology, Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haihui Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Liming Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Le Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Sun
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Lianqun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yuqi Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China.,Center for Precision Medicine and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhang B, Zeng J, Yan Y, Yang B, Huang M, Wang L, Zhang Q, Lin N. Ethyl acetate extract from Inula helenium L. inhibits the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by regulating the STAT3/AKT pathway. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5440-5448. [PMID: 29393456 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesquiterpene lactones are bioactive compounds that have been identified as responsible for the anticancer activity of the medicinal herb, Inula helenium L. (IHL). However, the mechanisms of action involved in the anti‑pancreatic cancer activity of IHL have yet to be elucidated. The present study used an optimized extraction strategy to obtain sesquiterpene lactones from IHL (the resulting product termed ethyl acetate extract of IHL; EEIHL), and examined the potential mechanisms involved in the anti‑pancreatic cancer activity of EEIHL. Ethanol and ethyl acetate were used to extract sesquiterpene lactones from IHL to give the final product EEIHL. Cell Counting Kit‑8, colony formation and Annexin V/propidium iodide assays were used to detect the anti‑proliferative activity of EEIHL. Cell migration was determined with a wound healing assay. mRNA and protein expression levels were analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. It was identified that low concentrations of EEIHL caused CFPAC‑1 cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, whereas high concentrations of EEIHL induced mitochondria‑dependent apoptosis. In addition, EEIHL could inhibit the phosphorylation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3/AKT pathway, potentially resulting in impeded cell mobility. In conclusion, EEIHL could activate mitochondrial‑dependent apoptosis and inhibit cell migration through the STAT3/AKT pathway in CFPAC-1 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jianmei Zeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Youyou Yan
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Bo Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Mincong Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Linling Wang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Nengming Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|