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Vermeire B, Walsh M, Cox E, Devriendt B. The lipopolysaccharide structure affects the detoxifying ability of intestinal alkaline phosphatases. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:358. [PMID: 39127648 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the most potent mediators of inflammation. In swine husbandry, weaning is associated with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, resulting in decreased growth rates due to malabsorption of nutrients by the inflamed gut. A potential strategy to treat LPS-mediated disease is administering intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). The latter can detoxify lipid A, the toxic component of LPS, by removal of phosphate groups. Currently, 183 LPS O-serotypes from E. coli have been described, however, comparative experiments to elucidate functional differences between LPS serotypes are scarce. In addition, these functional differences might affect the efficacy of LPS detoxifying enzymes. Here, we evaluated the ability of four LPS serotypes (O26:B6, O55:B5, O111:B4 and O127:B8) derived from Escherichia coli to trigger the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by porcine PBMCs. We also tested the ability of three commercially available IAPs to detoxify these LPS serotypes. The results show that LPS serotypes differ in their ability to trigger cytokine secretion by immune cells, especially at lower concentrations. Moreover, IAPs displayed a different detoxification efficiency of the tested serotypes. Together, this study sheds light on the impact of LPS structure on the detoxification by IAPs. Further research is however needed to elucidate the LPS serotype-specific effects and their implications for the development of novel treatment options to alleviate LPS-induced gut inflammation in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Vermeire
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.
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2
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Edwards TS, Day AS. The role of fecal biomarkers in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:497-508. [PMID: 38995110 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2375224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is a relapsing and remitting condition. Noninvasive biomarkers have an increasingly important role in the diagnosis of IBD and in the prediction of future disease course in individuals with IBD. Strategies for the management of IBD increasingly rely upon close monitoring of gastrointestinal inflammation. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update on the current understanding of established and novel stool-based biomarkers in the diagnosis and management of IBD. It also highlights key gaps, identifies limitations, and advantages of current markers, and examines aspects that require further study and analysis. EXPERT OPINION Current noninvasive inflammatory markers play an important role in the diagnosis and management of IBD; however, limitations exist. Future work is required to further characterize and validate current and novel markers of inflammation. In addition, it is essential to better understand the roles and characteristics of noninvasive markers to enable the appropriate selection to accurately determine the condition of the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teagan S Edwards
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Andrew S Day
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Martins RDS, Hulscher JBF, Timmer A, Kooi EMW, Poelstra K. Necrotizing enterocolitis: a potential protective role for intestinal alkaline phosphatase as lipopolysaccharide detoxifying enzyme. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1401090. [PMID: 38745834 PMCID: PMC11091495 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1401090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a life-threatening inflammatory disease. Its onset might be triggered by Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) activation via bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We hypothesize that a deficiency of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), an enzyme secreted by enterocytes that dephosphorylates LPS, may contribute to NEC development. Methods In this prospective pilot study, we analyzed intestinal resection specimens from surgical NEC patients, and from patients undergoing Roux-Y reconstruction for hepatobiliary disease as controls. We assessed IAP activity via enzymatic stainings and assays and explored IAP and TLR4 co-localization through immunofluorescence. Results The study population consisted of five NEC patients (two Bell's stage IIb and three-stage IIIb, median (IQR) gestational age 25 (24-28) weeks, postmenstrual age at diagnosis 28 (26-31) weeks) and 11 controls (unknown age). There was significantly lower IAP staining in NEC resection specimens [49 (41-50) U/g of protein] compared to controls [115 (76-144), P = 0.03]. LPS-dephosphorylating activity was also lower in NEC patients [0.06 (0-0.1)] than in controls [0.3 (0.2-0.5), P = 0.003]. Furthermore, we observed colocalization of IAP and TLR4 in NEC resection specimens. Conclusion This study suggests a significantly lower IAP level in resection specimens of NEC patients compared to controls. This lower IAP activity suggests a potential role of IAP as a protective agent in the gut, which needs further confirmation in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Dos Santos Martins
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan B. F. Hulscher
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Albert Timmer
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M. W. Kooi
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children’s Hospital, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Nanomedicine and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Gao C, Koko MY, Hong W, Gankhuyag J, Hui M, Gantumur MA, Dong N. Protective Properties of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Supplementation on the Intestinal Barrier: Interactions and Effects. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:27-45. [PMID: 37964463 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier is critical for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and its dysfunction is associated with various diseases. Recent findings have revealed the multifunctional role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) in diverse biological processes, including gut health maintenance and function. This review summarizes the protective effects of IAP on intestinal barrier integrity, encompassing the physical, chemical, microbial, and immune barriers. We discuss the results and insights from in vitro, animal model, and clinical studies as well as the available evidence regarding the impact of diet on IAP activity and expression. IAP can also be used as an indicator to assess intestinal-barrier-related diseases. Further research into the mechanisms of action and long-term health effects of IAP in maintaining overall intestinal health is essential for its future use as a dietary supplement or functional component in medical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenzhe Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China 150030
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China 150030
| | - Marwa Yagoub Koko
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China 150030
| | - Weichen Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China 150030
| | - Javzan Gankhuyag
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China 150030
| | - Mizhou Hui
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China 150030
| | - Munkh-Amgalan Gantumur
- College of Food, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China 150030
| | - Na Dong
- Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China 150030
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Wojcik-Grzybek D, Sliwowski Z, Kwiecien S, Ginter G, Surmiak M, Hubalewska-Mazgaj M, Chmura A, Wojcik A, Kosciolek T, Danielak A, Targosz A, Strzalka M, Szczyrk U, Ptak-Belowska A, Magierowski M, Bilski J, Brzozowski T. Alkaline Phosphatase Relieves Colitis in Obese Mice Subjected to Forced Exercise via Its Anti-Inflammatory and Intestinal Microbiota-Shaping Properties. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:703. [PMID: 38255781 PMCID: PMC10815191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an enzyme that plays a protective role in the gut. This study investigated the effect of IAP treatment on experimental colitis in mice subjected to forced exercise on a high-fat diet. C57BL/6 mice with TNBS colitis were fed a high-fat diet and subjected to forced treadmill exercise with or without IAP treatment. Disease activity, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and gut microbiota were assessed. Forced exercise exacerbated colitis in obese mice, as evidenced by increased disease activity index (DAI), oxidative stress markers, and proinflammatory adipokines and cytokines. IAP treatment significantly reduced these effects and promoted the expression of barrier proteins in the colonic mucosa. Additionally, IAP treatment altered the gut microbiota composition, favoring beneficial Verrucomicrobiota and reducing pathogenic Clostridia and Odoribacter. IAP treatment ameliorates the worsening effect of forced exercise on murine colitis by attenuating oxidative stress, downregulating proinflammatory biomarkers, and modulating the gut microbiota. IAP warrants further investigation as a potential therapeutic strategy for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Wojcik-Grzybek
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Ginter
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Hubalewska-Mazgaj
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Anna Chmura
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Adrianna Wojcik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Tomasz Kosciolek
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Danielak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Aneta Targosz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Malgorzata Strzalka
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Urszula Szczyrk
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Jan Bilski
- Department of Biomechanics and Kinesiology, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland; (D.W.-G.); (S.K.); (G.G.)
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Luo Z, Wang Z, Li P, Tan Y, He G, Liu X, Shen T, Yang X, Luo X. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase improves intestinal permeability and alleviates multiple organ dysfunction caused by heatstroke. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21838. [PMID: 38028005 PMCID: PMC10663923 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Heatstroke (HS) is a severe acute disease related to gastrointestinal barrier dysfunction, systemic inflammation and multiple organ injury. Many of the functions of Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) have been linked to gut homeostasis, gut barrier function and inflammation. However, the protective effect of IAP on heatstroke is not fully elucidated. This study aims to explore the protective effect of IAP on heatstroke by maintaining intestinal barrier and improving permeability. Methods Male C57BL/6 mice were placed in a controlled climate chamber (ambient temperature: 40.0 ± 0.5 °C; humidity: 60 ± 5 %) until the maximum core temperature (Tc, max) reached 42.7 °C (the received criterion of HS). Then heat exposed mice (n = 195) were divided into three groups: 0.2 mL of 0.9 % physiological saline (HS) or vehicle (HS + Vehicle) or 300 IU IAP (HS + IAP) by gavage at 0, 24, and 48 h after onset. Control group mice (Con) (n = 65) were not exposed to heat and were gavaged with 0.9 % physiological saline of the same volume at the same time. Results IAP treatment significantly reduced the levels of endotoxin, FD4, and D-lactate in the blood of heatstroke mice, reduced intestinal permeability and maintained the integrity of the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression of tight junction proteins. Meanwhile, IAP treatment alleviated liver and kidney damage caused by heatstroke, reduced serum levels of inflammatory cytokines, and thus improved survival rate of mice after heatstroke. Conclusion This study indicates that IAP can improve the intestinal barrier function and intestinal permeability by increasing intestinal tight junctions, reduce systemic inflammation and multiple organ injury and improving the survival rate of heatstroke. Therefore, we consider IAP may be added to enteral nutrition formulas as a potential means for diseases characterized by intestinal permeability disorders, including heatstroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Zeze Wang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulong Tan
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Genlin He
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuesen Yang
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Luo
- Department of Tropical Medicine, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Medicine, Ministry of Education of China, Chongqing, China
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Chen L, Yang P, Hu L, Yang L, Chu H, Hou X. Modulating phenylalanine metabolism by L. acidophilus alleviates alcohol-related liver disease through enhancing intestinal barrier function. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:24. [PMID: 36739426 PMCID: PMC9899391 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00974-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired metabolic functions of gut microbiota have been demonstrated in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), but little is known about changes in phenylalanine metabolism. METHODS Bacterial genomics and fecal metabolomics analysis were used to recognize the changes of phenylalanine metabolism and its relationship with intestinal flora. Intestinal barrier function was detected by intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity, levels of tight junction protein expression, colonic inflammation and levels of serum LPS. Lactobacillus acidophilus was chosen to correct phenylalanine metabolism of ALD mice by redundancy analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS Using 16S rRNA sequencing and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) methods, we identified elevated levels of phenylalanine and its' metabolites in the gut of alcohol-fed mice compared to control mice and were negatively correlated with the abundance of Lactobacillus, which mainly metabolized phenylalanine. The intestinal phenylalanine level was positively correlated with the colon inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, and negatively correlated with ZO-1 and Occludin. While intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) activity was negatively correlated with the colon inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and MCP-1, and positively correlated with ZO-1 and Occludin. Increased phenylalanine inhibited IAP activity, blocked LPS dephosphorylation, increased colonic inflammation and bacterial translocation. Phenylalanine supplementation aggravated alcohol-induced liver injury and intestinal barrier dysfunction. Among the 37 Lactobacillus species, the abundance of Lactobacillus acidophilus was most significantly decreased in ALD mice. Supplementation with L. acidophilus recovered phenylalanine metabolism and protected mice from alcohol-induced steatohepatitis. CONCLUSIONS Recovery of phenylalanine metabolism through the oral supplementation of L. acidophilus boosted intestinal barrier integrity and ameliorated experimental ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuying Chen
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Pengcheng Yang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Lilin Hu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Ling Yang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Huikuan Chu
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022 China
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Luo P, Li X, Gao Y, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Tian X. Central administration of human opiorphin alleviates dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in mice through activation of the endogenous opioid system. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904926. [PMID: 36176442 PMCID: PMC9513434 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The opioid system plays a crucial role in maintaining gastrointestinal homeostasis. Endogenous opioid peptide enkephalins have anti-inflammatory effect and participate in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Here, we investigated the effect of natural enkephalinase inhibitor human opiorphin (HO) on dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Our results showed that central administration of HO attenuated DSS-induced colitis, as indicated by the reduction of disease activity index (DAI) scores, macroscopic scores, histological scores, and the myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Moreover, HO alleviated DSS-induced inflammation by decreasing inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in both serum and colon tissues in DSS-treated mice. The potential anti-inflammatory effect of HO at a dose of 40 μg/kg was observed as evidenced by a decrease in nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65, toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), iNOS, and COX-2. HO also improved intestinal barrier function by enhancing the expression of tight junction proteins. Furthermore, HO treatment significantly inhibited activities of neutral endopeptidase (NEP) and aminopeptidase N (APN), elevated serum enkephalins concentrations, and increased expressions of mu and delta opioid receptors. In addition, pretreatment with opioid receptor antagonist naloxone hydrochloride (NH) compromised the protective effect of HO and aggravated colitis symptoms, as indicated by inhibited anti-inflammatory effects, disrupted intestinal barrier function, and decreased opioid receptor activity. In conclusion, these data indicate that HO protects against DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation and improving intestinal barrier function through activation of the endogenous opioid system. Therefore, targeting the opioid system with peptidase inhibitors intervention would be a novel strategy in the therapy of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhengjun Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Quanwei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Quanwei Zhang, ; Zhimin Wang, ; Xiaozhu Tian,
| | - Zhimin Wang
- Gansu Provincial Hospital PET/CT Center, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Quanwei Zhang, ; Zhimin Wang, ; Xiaozhu Tian,
| | - Xiaozhu Tian
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Biology Education, School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Quanwei Zhang, ; Zhimin Wang, ; Xiaozhu Tian,
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Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: A Review of This Enzyme Role in the Intestinal Barrier Function. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10040746. [PMID: 35456797 PMCID: PMC9026380 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IALP) has recently assumed a special relevance, being the subject of study in the prevention and treatment of certain diseases related to leaky gut. This brush border enzyme (ecto-enzyme) plays an important role in the maintenance of intestinal microbial homeostasis and intestinal barrier function through its ability to dephosphorylate lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This review addresses how IALP and intestinal barrier dysfunction may be implicated in the pathophysiology of specific diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, necrotizing enterocolitis, and metabolic syndrome. The use of IALP as a possible biomarker to assess intestinal barrier function and strategies to modulate IALP activity are also discussed.
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10
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The Combination of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Treatment with Moderate Physical Activity Alleviates the Severity of Experimental Colitis in Obese Mice via Modulation of Gut Microbiota, Attenuation of Proinflammatory Cytokines, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and DNA Oxidative Damage in Colonic Mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062964. [PMID: 35328382 PMCID: PMC8955215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are commonly considered as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, but the possibility that the alterations in gut microbiota and oxidative stress may affect the course of experimental colitis in obese physically exercising mice treated with the intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has been little elucidated. Mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 14 weeks were randomly assigned to exercise on spinning wheels (SW) for 7 weeks and treated with IAP followed by intrarectal administration of TNBS. The disease activity index (DAI), grip muscle strength test, oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA, SOD, GSH), DNA damage (8-OHdG), the plasma levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-17a, TNF-α, MCP-1 and leptin were assessed, and the stool composition of the intestinal microbiota was determined by next generation sequencing (NGS). The TNBS-induced colitis was worsened in obese sedentary mice as manifested by severe colonic damage, an increase in DAI, oxidative stress biomarkers, DNA damage and decreased muscle strength. The longer running distance and weight loss was observed in mice given IAP or subjected to IAP + SW compared to sedentary ones. Less heterogeneous microbial composition was noticed in sedentary obese colitis mice and this effect disappeared in IAP + SW mice. Absence of Alistipes, lower proportion of Turicibacter, Proteobacteria and Faecalibacterium, an increase in Firmicutes and Clostridium, a decrease in oxidative stress biomarkers, 8-OHdG content and proinflammatory cytokines were observed in IAP + SW mice. IAP supplementation in combination with moderate physical activity attenuates the severity of murine colitis complicated by obesity through a mechanism involving the downregulation of the intestinal cytokine/chemokine network and oxidative stress, the modulation of the gut microbiota and an improvement of muscle strength.
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Singh SB, Lin HC. Role of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase in Innate Immunity. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121784. [PMID: 34944428 PMCID: PMC8698947 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is a multi-functional protein that has been demonstrated to primarily protect the gut. The role of IAP in maintaining intestinal homeostasis is underscored by the observation that IAP expression is defective in many gastrointestinal-related disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease IBD, necrotizing enterocolitis, and metabolic syndrome and that exogenous IAP supplementation improves the outcomes associated with these disorders. Additionally, studies using transgenic IAP-knock out (IAP-KO) mouse models further support the importance of the defensive role of IAP in the intestine. Supplementation of exogenous IAP and cellular overexpression of IAP have also been used in vitro to dissect out the downstream mechanisms of this protein in mammalian cell lines. Some of the innate immune functions of IAP include lipopolysaccharide (LPS) detoxification, protection of gut barrier integrity, regulation of gut microbial communities and its anti-inflammatory roles. A novel function of IAP recently identified is the induction of autophagy. Due to its critical role in the gut physiology and its excellent safety profile, IAP has been used in phase 2a clinical trials for treating conditions such as sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. Many excellent reviews discuss the role of IAP in physiology and pathophysiology and here we extend these to include recent updates on this important host defense protein and discuss its role in innate immunity via its effects on bacteria as well as on host cells. We will also discuss the relationship between IAP and autophagy and how these two pathways may act in concert to protect the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B. Singh
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA;
| | - Henry C. Lin
- Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Li M, Xiao N, Li J, Lin H, Fan H. Evaluation of immune efficacy of Omp2 protein against Lawsonia intracellularis in mice. Vet Microbiol 2021; 263:109274. [PMID: 34781192 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium Lawsonia intracellularis. Infection results in an enteric disease characterised by decreased growth performance of pigs, and presents a major economic burden for swine industries worldwide. Since vaccination is an effective technique for controlling PPE, novel effective vaccine platforms are need to be developed. In this study, five proteins of L. intracellularis were screened through animal experiments and the highly immunoprotective Omp2 protein was identified. Then, the immune efficacy of Omp2 was further evaluated based on humoral and cell mediated immune (CMI) responses, faecal bacterial shedding, histopathological lesions, immune barrier function of intestinal mucosa as well as digestive and absorptive capacity following challenge of mice with L. intracellularis. Mice immunised with Omp2 had reduced faecal shedding, fewer histopathological lesions and reduced bacteria colonisation of the ileum. Additionally, Omp2 immunised mice showed stronger serum IgG and IFN-γ levels, up-regulated Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) mRNA levels, as well as increased numbers of intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and levels of sIgA. On the contrary, the activities of LPS, α-AMS and AKP were significantly increased. Our investigation indicated that immunization with Omp2 reduced the severity of clinical signs and provided efficacious immunoprotection for target animals against L. intracellularis infection in mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxue Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ning Xiao
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jiannan Li
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Huixing Lin
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongjie Fan
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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13
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Abramov VM, Kosarev IV, Priputnevich TV, Machulin AV, Abashina TN, Chikileva IO, Donetskova AD, Takada K, Melnikov VG, Vasilenko RN, Khlebnikov VS, Samoilenko VA, Nikonov IN, Sukhikh GT, Uversky VN, Karlyshev AV. S-layer protein 2 of vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus 2029 enhances growth, differentiation, VEGF production and barrier functions in intestinal epithelial cell line Caco-2. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 189:410-419. [PMID: 34437917 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated the ability of the human vaginal strain Lactobacillus crispatus 2029 (LC2029) for strong adhesion to cervicovaginal epithelial cells, expression of the surface layer protein 2 (Slp2), and antagonistic activity against urogenital pathogens. Slp2 forms regular two-dimensional structure around the LC2029 cells,which is secreted into the medium and inhibits intestinal pathogen-induced activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in the human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Here, we elucidated the effects of soluble Slp2 on adhesion of proteobacteria pathogens inducing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), such as Escherichia coli ATCC E 2348/69, E. coli ATCC 31705, Salmonella Enteritidis ATCC 13076, Campylobacter jejuni ATCC 29428, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 to Caco-2 cells, as well as on growth promotion, differentiation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production, and intestinal barrier function of Caco-2 cell monolayers. Slp2 acts as anti-adhesion agent for NEC-inducing proteobacteria, promotes growth of immature Caco-2 cells and their differentiation, and enhances expression and functional activity of sucrase, lactase, and alkaline phosphatase. Slp2 stimulates VEGF production, decreases paracellular permeability, and increases transepithelial electrical resistance, strengthening barrier function of Caco-2 cell monolayers. These data support the important role of Slp2 in the early postnatal development of the human small intestine enterocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M Abramov
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, Lyubuchany 142380, Moscow Region, Russia; Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Igor V Kosarev
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, Lyubuchany 142380, Moscow Region, Russia; Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Priputnevich
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Andrey V Machulin
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Science", Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Tatiana N Abashina
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Science", Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Irina O Chikileva
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, Lyubuchany 142380, Moscow Region, Russia; Laboratory of Cell Immunity, Blokhin National Research, Center of Oncology Ministry of Health RF, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | | | - Kazuhide Takada
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Vyacheslav G Melnikov
- Gabrichevsky Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow 152212, Russia
| | - Raisa N Vasilenko
- Institute of Immunological Engineering, Lyubuchany 142380, Moscow Region, Russia
| | | | - Vladimir A Samoilenko
- Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Science", Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Ilya N Nikonov
- Federal State Education Institution of Higher Professional Education Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin, Moscow 109472, Russia
| | - Gennady T Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology of the Ministry of Health, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Andrey V Karlyshev
- Department of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames KT1 2EE, UK
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14
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Briolay A, Bessueille L, Magne D. TNAP: A New Multitask Enzyme in Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910470. [PMID: 34638808 PMCID: PMC8509042 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is mainly known for its necessary role in skeletal and dental mineralization, which relies on the hydrolysis of the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). Mutations in the gene encoding TNAP leading to severe hypophosphatasia result in strongly reduced mineralization and perinatal death. Fortunately, the relatively recent development of a recombinant TNAP with a bone anchor has allowed to correct the bone defects and prolong the life of affected babies and children. Researches on TNAP must however not be slowed down, because accumulating evidence indicates that TNAP activation in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with enhanced cardiovascular mortality, presumably in relation with cardiovascular calcification. On the other hand, TNAP appears to be necessary to prevent the development of steatohepatitis in mice, suggesting that TNAP plays protective roles. The aim of the present review is to highlight the known or suspected functions of TNAP in energy metabolism that may be associated with the development of MetS. The location of TNAP in liver and its function in bile excretion, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) detoxification and fatty acid transport will be presented. The expression and function of TNAP in adipocyte differentiation and thermogenesis will also be discussed. Given that TNAP is a tissue- and substrate-nonspecific phosphatase, we believe that it exerts several crucial pathophysiological functions that are just beginning to be discovered.
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15
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Jin Z, Chen K, Zhou Z, Peng W, Liu W. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass potentially improved intestinal permeability by regulating gut innate immunity in diet-induced obese mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14894. [PMID: 34290269 PMCID: PMC8295358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94094-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) has been demonstrated to be the most effective treatment for morbid obesity, yet the impact of RYGB on intestinal permeability is not fully known. In this work, we subjected obese mice to RYGB and sham operation procedures. Serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level, inflammatory cytokines and intestinal permeability were measured at 8 weeks post surgery. In contrast to sham surgery, RYGB reduced body weight, improved glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, and decreased serum levels of LPS, IL6 and TNFα. Intestinal permeability of the common limb and colon was significantly improved in the RYGB group compared to the sham group. The mRNA levels of IL1β, IL6, and TLR4 in the intestine were significantly decreased in the RYGB group compared with the sham group. The expression levels of intestinal islet-derived 3β (REG3β), islet-derived 3γ (REG3γ) and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) were higher in the RYGB group than in the sham group. In conclusion, in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model, both decreased intestinal permeability and attenuated systemic inflammation after RYGB surgery were associated with improved innate immunity, which might result from enhanced production of IAP and antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangliu Jin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Department of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Department of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Department of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Weihui Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.,Department of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China. .,Department of Biliopancreatic and Metabolic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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16
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Liu L, Chen D, Yu B, Yin H, Huang Z, Luo Y, Zheng P, Mao X, Yu J, Luo J, Yan H, He J. Fructooligosaccharides improve growth performance and intestinal epithelium function in weaned pigs exposed to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Food Funct 2021; 11:9599-9612. [PMID: 33151222 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01998d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To explore the protective effect of Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) against Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC)-induced inflammation and intestinal injury, twenty-four weaned pigs were randomly assigned into three groups: (1) non-challenge (CON, fed with basal diet), (2) ETEC-challenge (ECON, fed with basal diet), and (3) ETEC challenge + FOS treatment (EFOS, fed with basal diet plus 2.5 g kg-1 FOS). On day 19, the CON group was orally infused with sterilized culture while pigs in the ECON group and EFOS group were orally infused with ETEC (2.5 × 1011 colony-forming units). After 3 days, pigs were slaughtered for sample collection. We showed that ETEC challenge significantly reduced average daily gain (ADG); however, FOS improved the ADG (P < 0.05), apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), and ash and reduced the diarrhea incidence (P < 0.05). FOS reduced plasma concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α and down-regulated (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of IL-6 and TNF-α in the jejunum and ileum as well as IL-1β and TNF-α in the duodenum. The concentrations of plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and secreted IgA (SIgA) in the jejunum (P < 0.05) were elevated. Interestingly, FOS elevated the villus height in the duodenum, and elevated the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the duodenum and ileum in the EFOS group pigs (P < 0.05). Moreover, FOS increased lactase activity in the duodenum and ileum (P < 0.05). The activities of sucrase and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were higher in the EFOS group than in the ECON group (P < 0.05). Importantly, FOS up-regulated the expressions of critical genes in intestinal epithelium function such as zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), L-type amino acid transporter-1 (LAT1), and cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT1) in the duodenum and the expressions of ZO-1 and glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) in the jejunum (P < 0.05). FOS also up-regulated the expressions of occludin, fatty acid transporter-4 (FATP4), sodium glucose transport protein 1 (SGLT1), and GLUT2 in the ileum (P < 0.05). FOS significantly increased the concentrations of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the cecal digesta. Additionally, FOS reduced the populations of Escherichia coli, but elevated the populations of Bacillus and Bifidobacterium in the caecal digesta (P < 0.05). These results suggested that FOS could improve the growth performance and intestinal health in weaned pigs upon ETEC challenge, which was associated with suppressed inflammatory responses and improved intestinal epithelium functions and microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611130, P. R. China.
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17
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Lannoy V, Côté-Biron A, Asselin C, Rivard N. Phosphatases in toll-like receptors signaling: the unfairly-forgotten. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:10. [PMID: 33494775 PMCID: PMC7829650 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) have been shown to be on the front line of many illnesses such as autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurodegenerative diseases as well as allergies and cancer. Among PRRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the most studied family. Dissecting TLRs signaling turned out to be advantageous to elaborate efficient treatments to cure autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders. However, a broad understanding of TLR effectors is required to propose a better range of cures. In addition to kinases and E3 ubiquitin ligases, phosphatases emerge as important regulators of TLRs signaling mediated by NF-κB, type I interferons (IFN I) and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases signaling pathways. Here, we review recent knowledge on TLRs signaling modulation by different classes and subclasses of phosphatases. Thus, it becomes more and more evident that phosphatases could represent novel therapeutic targets to control pathogenic TLRs signaling. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Lannoy
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Anthony Côté-Biron
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Claude Asselin
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada
| | - Nathalie Rivard
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Cancer Research Pavilion, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3201, rue Jean Mignault, Sherbrooke, QC, J1E4K8, Canada.
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18
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Han YM, Koh J, Kim JH, Lee J, Im JP, Kim JS. Astragalin Inhibits Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells and Attenuates Experimental Colitis in Mice. Gut Liver 2021; 15:100-108. [PMID: 32390406 PMCID: PMC7817923 DOI: 10.5009/gnl19268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside) is a flavonoid isolated from the leaves of persimmon or Rosa agrestis. Astragalin exhibits various anti-inflammatory properties; however, little is known about its therapeutic potential for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study aims to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of astragalin via blockade of the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in human colonic epithelial cells and a murine colitis model. Methods HCT-116 and HT-29 human colonic epithelial cells were pretreated with astragalin and stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Cell viability was assessed by the MTS assay. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the messenger RNA expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. The effect of astragalin on the NF-κB pathway was evaluated by Western blot analysis of inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation/degradation and by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced acute murine colitis model was used for in vivo experiments. Results Astragalin strongly suppressed the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human colonic epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that astragalin inhibited IκBα phosphorylation/degradation. Additionally, astragalin reduced the DNA binding activity of NF-κB. Astragalin alleviated colon shortening and improved the pathologic scores in DSS-induced acute murine colitis model. Furthermore, astragalin reduced the level of phosphorylated IκBα and decreased the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in the DSS-treated colon mucosa. Conclusions Astragalin exerted an anti-inflammatory effect through NF-κB pathway inhibition and attenuated murine colitis. Astragalin is thus a potential therapeutic agent for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Min Han
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaemoon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jooyoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Sung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Healthcare Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Schippers M, Post E, Eichhorn I, Langeland J, Beljaars L, Malo MS, Hodin RA, Millán JL, Popov Y, Schuppan D, Poelstra K. Phosphate Groups in the Lipid A Moiety Determine the Effects of LPS on Hepatic Stellate Cells: A Role for LPS-Dephosphorylating Activity in Liver Fibrosis. Cells 2020; 9:E2708. [PMID: 33348845 PMCID: PMC7766276 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity is highly upregulated in plasma during liver diseases. Previously, we demonstrated that AP is able to detoxify lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by dephosphorylating its lipid A moiety. Because a role of gut-derived LPS in liver fibrogenesis has become evident, we now examined the relevance of phosphate groups in the lipid A moiety in this process. The effects of mono-phosphoryl and di-phosphoryl lipid A (MPLA and DPLA, respectively) were studied in vitro and LPS-dephosphorylating activity was studied in normal and fibrotic mouse and human livers. The effects of intestinal AP were studied in mice with CCL4-induced liver fibrosis. DPLA strongly stimulated fibrogenic and inflammatory activities in primary rat hepatic stellate cells (rHSCs) and RAW264.7 macrophages with similar potency as full length LPS. However, MPLA did not affect any of the parameters. LPS-dephosphorylating activity was found in mouse and human livers and was strongly increased during fibrogenesis. Treatment of fibrotic mice with intravenous intestinal-AP significantly attenuated intrahepatic desmin+- and αSMA+ -HSC and CD68+- macrophage accumulation. In conclusion, the lack of biological activity of MPLA, contrasting with the profound activities of DPLA, shows the relevance of LPS-dephosphorylating activity. The upregulation of LPS-dephosphorylating activity in fibrotic livers and the protective effects of exogenous AP during fibrogenesis indicate an important physiological role of intestinal-derived AP during liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Schippers
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Eduard Post
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Ilse Eichhorn
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Jitske Langeland
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Leonie Beljaars
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
| | - Madhu S. Malo
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.S.M.); (R.A.H.)
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation for Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Richard A. Hodin
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (M.S.M.); (R.A.H.)
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
| | - Yury Popov
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Y.P.); (D.S.)
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (Y.P.); (D.S.)
- Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Klaas Poelstra
- Department of Nanomedice and Drug Targeting, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands; (M.S.); (E.P.); (I.E.); (J.L.); (L.B.)
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20
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Alvarenga L, Cardozo LFMF, Lindholm B, Stenvinkel P, Mafra D. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase modulation by food components: predictive, preventive, and personalized strategies for novel treatment options in chronic kidney disease. EPMA J 2020; 11:565-579. [PMID: 33240450 PMCID: PMC7680467 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-020-00228-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (AP) is a ubiquitous membrane-bound glycoprotein that catalyzes phosphate monoesters' hydrolysis from organic compounds, an essential process in cell signaling. Four AP isozymes have been described in humans, placental AP, germ cell AP, tissue nonspecific AP, and intestinal AP (IAP). IAP plays a crucial role in gut microbial homeostasis, nutrient uptake, and local and systemic inflammation, and its dysfunction is associated with persistent inflammatory disorders. AP is a strong predictor of mortality in the general population and patients with cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, little is known about IAP modulation and its possible consequences in CKD, a disease characterized by gut microbiota imbalance and persistent low-grade inflammation. Mitigating inflammation and dysbiosis can prevent cardiovascular complications in patients with CKD, and monitoring factors such as IAP can be useful for predicting those complications. Here, we review IAP's role and the results of nutritional interventions targeting IAP in experimental models to prevent alterations in the gut microbiota, which could be a possible target of predictive, preventive, personalized medicine (PPPM) to avoid CKD complications. Microbiota and some nutrients may activate IAP, which seems to have a beneficial impact on health; however, data on CKD remains scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Alvarenga
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, (UFF) Federal Fluminense University Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Niterói, Brazil
| | - L. F. M. F. Cardozo
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brazil
| | - B. Lindholm
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P. Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine and Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D. Mafra
- Post Graduation Program in Medical Sciences, (UFF) Federal Fluminense University Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Niterói, Brazil
- Post Graduation Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro (RJ) Brazil
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21
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Bilski J, Wojcik D, Danielak A, Mazur-Bialy A, Magierowski M, Tønnesen K, Brzozowski B, Surmiak M, Magierowska K, Pajdo R, Ptak-Belowska A, Brzozowski T. Alternative Therapy in the Prevention of Experimental and Clinical Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Impact of Regular Physical Activity, Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase and Herbal Products. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2936-2950. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200427090127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are multifactorial, chronic, disabling, and progressive diseases characterised by cyclical nature, alternating between active and quiescent states. While the aetiology of IBD is not fully understood, this complex of diseases involve a combination of factors including the genetic predisposition and changes in microbiome as well as environmental risk factors such as high-fat and low-fibre diets, reduced physical activity, air pollution and exposure to various toxins and drugs such as antibiotics. The prevalence of both IBD and obesity is increasing in parallel, undoubtedly proving the existing interactions between these risk factors common to both disorders to unravel poorly recognized cell signaling and molecular alterations leading to human IBD. Therefore, there is still a significant and unmet need for supportive and adjunctive therapy for IBD patients directed against the negative consequences of visceral obesity and bacterial dysbiosis. Among the alternative therapies, a moderate-intensity exercise can benefit the health and well-being of IBD patients and improve both the healing of human IBD and experimental animal colitis. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) plays an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis intestinal and the mechanism of mucosal defence. The administration of exogenous IAP could be recommended as a therapeutic strategy for the cure of diseases resulting from the intestinal barrier dysfunction such as IBD. Curcumin, a natural anti-inflammatory agent, which is capable of stimulating the synthesis of endogenous IAP, represents another alternative approach in the treatment of IBD. This review was designed to discuss potential “nonpharmacological” alternative and supplementary therapeutic approaches taking into account epidemiological and pathophysiological links between obesity and IBD, including changes in the functional parameters of the intestinal mucosa and alterations in the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wojcik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Danielak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mazur-Bialy
- Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katherine Tønnesen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Brzozowski
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Marcin Surmiak
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Robert Pajdo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agata Ptak-Belowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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22
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Wang D, Cai M, Wang T, Liu T, Huang J, Wang Y, Granato D. Ameliorative effects of L-theanine on dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis in C57BL/6J mice are associated with the inhibition of inflammatory responses and attenuation of intestinal barrier disruption. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109409. [PMID: 33233096 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of L-theanine supplementation on the colonic mucosa injury in C57BL/6J male mice treated with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Treatment with L-theanine significantly decreased the disease activity index and ameliorated the inflammation-associated pathological damage in colon length, as well as the histopathological features of DSS-induced colitis. L-Theanine administration also inhibited DSS-induced changes in the colonic tissue that included myeloperoxidase by 4.5-fold and malondialdehyde by 2.3-fold in comparison to the DSS group. In addition, GSH was increased by 85% and lipopolysaccharides level was decreased by 55% in comparison to the DSS group. Proinflammatory cytokines expression, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, at the both protein and mRNA levels were also decreased significantly. Notably, the increase in serum content of lipopolysaccharides and colonic expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, toll like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4, TLR-6, and TLR-9 induced by DSS were also significantly inhibited by L-theanine administration. In addition, L-theanine also attenuated the reduction of serum contents of diamine oxidase and the production of short-chain fatty acids in the colonic tissue, and gene expression of mucosal barrier zonula occludens-1 and claudin-1 in DSS-induced colitis. Furthermore, 16S rRNA phylogenetic sequencing revealed a shift in microbial community composition induced by DSS, but no significant difference was observed following L-theanine supplementation. Overall, our findings demonstrated that L-theanine inhibits intestinal inflammation and protects against intestinal barrier disruption in mice with DSS-induced colitis. Further clinical trials should be considered to assess the effects of L-theanine supplementation on oxidative and inflammatory responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxu Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212004, China; School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China.
| | - Min Cai
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Taotao Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Jinbao Huang
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- School of Tea and Food Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China
| | - Daniel Granato
- Food Processing and Quality, Production Systems Unit - Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) - Tietotie 2, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
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Singh SB, Carroll-Portillo A, Coffman C, Ritz NL, Lin HC. Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effects Against Lipopolysaccharide by Inducing Autophagy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3107. [PMID: 32080230 PMCID: PMC7033233 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59474-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) regulates bicarbonate secretion, detoxifies lipopolysaccharide (LPS), regulates gut microbes, and dephosphorylates proinflammatory nucleotides. IAP also exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in a Toll-like Receptor-4 (TLR-4) dependent manner. However, it is not known whether IAP induces autophagy. We tested the hypothesis that IAP may induce autophagy which may mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of IAP. We found that exogenous IAP induced autophagy in intestinal epithelial cells and in macrophages. TLR4INC34 (C34), a TLR4 signaling inhibitor, suppressed IAP-induced autophagy. IAP also inhibited LPS-induced IL-1β mRNA expression and activation of NF-κB. When autophagy was blocked by 3-methyladenine (3MA) or by Atg5 siRNA, IAP failed to block LPS-mediated effects. IAP also upregulated autophagy-related gene expression in small intestine in mice. We administered either vehicle or IAP (100 U/ml) in drinking water for 14 days in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were sacrificed and ileal tissues collected. Increased expression of Atg5, Atg16, Irgm1, Tlr4, and Lyz genes was observed in the IAP treated group compared to the vehicle treated group. Increase in Atg16 protein expression and fluorescence intensity of LC3 was also observed in IAP-treated tissues compared to the vehicle-treated tissues. Thus, our study lays the framework for investigating how IAP and autophagy may act together to control inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha B Singh
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 87108
| | - Amanda Carroll-Portillo
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 87108
| | - Cristina Coffman
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 87108
| | - Nathaniel L Ritz
- Biomedical Research Institute of New Mexico, VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 87108.,Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork; APC Microbiome institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Henry C Lin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Medicine Service, New Mexico VA Health Care System, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, 87108. .,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, the University of New M5052651711exico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87131, USA.
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24
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Cao J, Zhang H, Yang Z, Zhao J, Ma H. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on the immune response and gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mice. Mol Immunol 2019; 118:60-72. [PMID: 31855808 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) possess anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and immune-regulating function in animals and humans, but there is not enough information about the mechanisms underlying its beneficial effects. The present study investigated the effect and mechanism of DHEA in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. The findings showed that DHEA relieved the decreasing of body weight, the increasing of disease activity index, the enhancing of spleen weight, the shortening of colon length and the rising of myeloperoxidase activity; meanwhile, histopathological analysis showed that DHEA maintained a relatively intact structure of colon in DSS-induced colitis mice. DHEA decreased the malondialdehyde content, superoxide dismutase activity and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein level; meanwhile, DHEA also inhibited the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 in DSS-induced colitis mice. Importantly, our results showed that DHEA blocked the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways; and it inhibited the Nod-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation in DSS-induced colitis mice. Furthermore, DHEA markedly promoted the intestinal barrier function by up-regulation zonula occludens-1 expression level. The 16S rDNA gene sequencing demonstrated that DHEA decreased the Pseudomonas abundance in DSS-induced colitis mice. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that DHEA reduces oxidative damage through regulating antioxidant enzyme activity; inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines production by blocking the activation of p38 MAPK and NF-κB signal pathway; protects colon barrier integrity via increasing tight junction protein expression and modulating gut microbiota taxa; all that finally alleviates DSS-induced experimental colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhongmiao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haitian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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25
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Wan J, Tian Z, Yao BY, Liu C, He JN, Yin X, Shi Y. Role of intestinal alkaline phosphatase in intestinal mucosal barrier. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2019; 27:1441-1445. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v27.i23.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) is an alkaline phosphatase that plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the bowel function and the intestinal mucosal barrier, including adjusting the duodenal pH, participating the development of the intestinal tract, regulating the absorption ability of intestinal epithelial cells, reducing the toxicity of lipopolysaccharide, preventing and reducing the intestinal inflammation, regulating intestinal flora, improving intestinal calcium absorption, etc. In this paper, we will review the role of IAP in intestinal mucosal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wan
- the tenth department of surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhong Tian
- the tenth department of surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bai-Yu Yao
- the tenth department of surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Chong Liu
- the tenth department of surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing-Ni He
- the tenth department of surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xin Yin
- the tenth department of surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Shi
- the tenth department of surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, Liaoning Province, China
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26
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Burge K, Gunasekaran A, Eckert J, Chaaban H. Curcumin and Intestinal Inflammatory Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms of Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081912. [PMID: 31003422 PMCID: PMC6514688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammatory diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis, are becoming increasingly prevalent. While knowledge of the pathogenesis of these related diseases is currently incomplete, each of these conditions is thought to involve a dysfunctional, or overstated, host immunological response to both bacteria and dietary antigens, resulting in unchecked intestinal inflammation and, often, alterations in the intestinal microbiome. This inflammation can result in an impaired intestinal barrier allowing for bacterial translocation, potentially resulting in systemic inflammation and, in severe cases, sepsis. Chronic inflammation of this nature, in the case of inflammatory bowel disease, can even spur cancer growth in the longer-term. Recent research has indicated certain natural products with anti-inflammatory properties, such as curcumin, can help tame the inflammation involved in intestinal inflammatory diseases, thus improving intestinal barrier function, and potentially, clinical outcomes. In this review, we explore the potential therapeutic properties of curcumin on intestinal inflammatory diseases, including its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory properties, as well as its potential to alter the intestinal microbiome. Curcumin may play a significant role in intestinal inflammatory disease treatment in the future, particularly as an adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Burge
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP7504, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Aarthi Gunasekaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP7504, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Jeffrey Eckert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP7504, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Hala Chaaban
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1200 North Everett Drive, ETNP7504, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
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27
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Park SY, Kim JY, Lee SM, Chung JO, Seo JH, Kim S, Kim DH, Park CH, Ju JK, Joo YE, Lee JH, Kim HS, Choi SK, Rew JS. Lower expression of endogenous intestinal alkaline phosphatase may predict worse prognosis in patients with Crohn's disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2018; 18:188. [PMID: 30558547 PMCID: PMC6296121 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-018-0904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) plays important role in gut homeostasis. We aimed to evaluate the expression of endogenous IAP and to assess the clinical course according to the expression of endogenous IAP in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS A total of 32 consecutive patients (14 males) with CD were included in the study. We measured the level of endogenous iAP in inflamed and noninflamed colonic mucosa. To verify the inflammation status, we measured the level of mRNA for IL-6, TNF-α, and TLR-4. We monitored the clinical courses of patients during follow-up after acquisition of biopsy specimens. RESULTS Median age of patients was 22.5 years (range, 15-49). Median CD activity index (CDAI, range) was 93.7 (22.8~ 154.9). There were colonic involvements in all patients and perianal involvement in 43.8% patients. The mRNA levels of IL-6 (p = 0.005) and TLR-4 (p = 0.013) in inflamed mucosa were significantly higher than those in non-inflamed mucosa. However, there was no difference of expression of TNF-α mRNA (p = 0.345). During a 14-month follow-up (range, 9 months-54 months), there were 19 patients with clinical recurrences. There were 9 patients (9/19, 47.4%) with IAP expression ratio (inflamed to non-inflamed) ≤ 1.0 in patients with clinical recurrence while there was one patient (1/13, 7.7%) with IAP ratio ≤ 1.0 in patients without clinical recurrence (p = 0.024). CONCLUSION Lower expression of IAP in inflamed mucosa compared to non-inflamed mucosa may be associated with clinical recurrence in patients with CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Young Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Young Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Su-Mi Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jin Ook Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Ho Seo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - SunMin Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Hwan Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kyun Ju
- Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young-Eun Joo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42, Jaebongro, Dong-ku, Gwangju, 501-757, Korea.
| | - Sung-Kyu Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Rew
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
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28
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Ding Y, Liu P, Chen ZL, Zhang SJ, Wang YQ, Cai X, Luo L, Zhou X, Zhao L. Emodin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Liver Injury via Inhibiting the TLR4 Signaling Pathway in vitro and in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:962. [PMID: 30186181 PMCID: PMC6113398 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Emodin is an anthraquinone with potential anti-inflammatory properties. However, the possible molecular mechanisms and protective effects of emodin are not clear. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms and protective effects of emodin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) via the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling pathway in the Raw264.7 cell line and in Balb/c mice. Methods: This study established an inflammatory cellular model and induced an ALI animal model. TLR4 was overexpressed by lentivirus and downregulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) technology. The mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and downstream molecules were detected in cells and liver tissue. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in supernatant and serum were determined by ELISA. The distribution and expression of mannose receptor C type 1 (CD206) and arginase 1 (ARG1) in the liver were tested by immunofluorescence. Mouse liver function and histopathological observations were assessed. Results: Administration of emodin reduced the protein and/or mRNA levels of TLR4 and its downstream molecules following LPS challenge in Raw264.7 cells and in an animal model. Additionally, emodin suppressed the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in cell culture supernatant and serum. The inhibitory effect of emodin was also confirmed in RAW264.7 cells, in which TLR4 was overexpressed or knocked down. Additionally, ARG1 and CD206 were elevated in the emodin groups. Emodin also decreased serum ALT and AST levels and alleviated the liver histopathological damage induced by LPS. Conclusion: Emodin showed excellent hepatoprotective effects against LPS-induced ALI, possibly by inhibiting TLR4 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Wuhan Children's Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Lin Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shao-Jun Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-resources, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - You-Qin Wang
- Graduate School of Jinzhou Medical University, Department of Pediatrics, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Xin Cai
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Luo
- School of Clinical Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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29
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Lehto M, Groop PH. The Gut-Kidney Axis: Putative Interconnections Between Gastrointestinal and Renal Disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:553. [PMID: 30283404 PMCID: PMC6157406 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a devastating condition associated with increased morbidity and premature mortality. The etiology of DKD is still largely unknown. However, the risk of DKD development and progression is most likely modulated by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Patients with autoimmune diseases, like type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and celiac disease, share some genetic background. Furthermore, gastrointestinal disorders are associated with an increased risk of kidney disease, although the true mechanisms have still to be elucidated. Therefore, the principal aim of this review is to evaluate the impact of disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract on the development of renal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- *Correspondence: Markku Lehto
| | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Abdominal Center of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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