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Alcohol Intake and Arterial Hypertension: Retelling of a Multifaceted Story. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040958. [PMID: 36839317 PMCID: PMC9963590 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic beverages are common components of diets worldwide and understanding their effects on humans' health is crucial. Because hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and all-cause mortality, the relationship of alcohol consumption with blood pressure (BP) has been the subject of extensive investigation. For the purpose of this review, we searched the terms "alcohol", "ethanol", and "arterial hypertension" on Pubmed MeSH and selected the most relevant studies. Short-term studies showed a biphasic BP response after ingestion of high doses of alcohol, and sustained alcohol consumption above 30 g/day, significantly, and dose-dependently, increased the risk for hypertension. These untoward effects of alcoholic beverages on BP can be mediated by a multiplicity of neurohormonal mechanisms. In addition to the effects on BP, excess alcohol intake might contribute to cardiac and renal hypertensive organ damage, although some studies suggest possible benefits of moderate alcohol consumption on additional cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes and lipoprotein(a). Some intervention studies and cumulative analyses support the evidence of a benefit of the reduction/withdrawal of alcohol consumption on BP and cardiovascular outcomes. This is why guidelines of scientific societies recommend avoidance or limitation of alcohol intake below one unit/day for women and two units/day for men. This narrative article overviews all these topics, providing an update of the current knowledge on the relationship between alcohol and BP.
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Hou D, Shang S, LV J, Wang S. Tripterygium Wilfordii Polyglycosides (TP) Ameliorate Alcoholic Kidney Injury in Rats by Regulating Protein Expression Associated with the Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Signaling Pathway. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the mechanisms of protection of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides (TP) against alcoholic kidney injury by regulating Nrf2 signaling pathway in rats. Materials and Methods: Dividing rats into Control, Model, LD, MD and HD groups. The kidney was
weighed to calculate kidney index. The morphology of the kidney was observed by HE staining. Nrf2, p-Nrf2 and HO-1 in kidney were detected by immunohistochemistry. Measuring Scr by Jaffe’s method and BUN by diacetyl-oxime method. The renal SOD and MDA were detected by colorimetry. The
renal ROS was detected by fluorescence spectrometry. Results: Compared with Control, histopathological changes were observed in Model group, The kidney index, Scr, BUN, renal MDA and ROS concentrations increased significantly (P <0.001). Renal SOD activity, expression of p-Nrf2
and HO-1, p-Nrf2/Nrf2 decreased significantly (P < 0.001). With TP supplement, compared with Model, histopathological was improved, The kidney index, Scr, BUN, renal MDA and ROS concentrations decreased significantly (P <0.05, respectively); Renal SOD activity, p-Nrf2 and
HO-1, p-Nrf2/Nrf2 increased significantly (P <0.05, respectively) in TP treated groups (LD, MD and HD). Conclusion: TP can prevent or reduce oxidative stress and attenuate alcoholic kidney injury via regulating Nrf2 signaling pathway in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Hou
- Shuangqiao Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Sainan Shang
- Shuangqiao Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Juan LV
- Shuangqiao Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Shuling Wang
- Shuangqiao Hospital, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100024, China
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Moxonidine ameliorates cardiac injury in rats with metabolic syndrome by regulating autophagy. Life Sci 2022; 312:121210. [PMID: 36410408 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reduced cardiac autophagy, ischemic injury, sympathetic overactivity, and apoptosis all contribute to metabolic syndrome (MetS)-associated cardiovascular risks. NR4A2, an orphan nuclear receptor NR4A family member, induces autophagy while suppressing apoptosis in myocardial infarction. Moxonidine, a sympathoinhibitor imidazoline1 receptor (I1R) agonist, has beneficial metabolic and hemodynamic effects; however, whether autophagy and/or NR4A2 signaling are involved in moxonidine's cardiovascular effects via I1R activation, is unknown, and is the aim of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS To induce MetS, rats were fed 3 % salt in their diet and 10 % fructose in their drinking water for 12 weeks. MetS-rats were given either moxonidine (6 mg/kg/day, gavage), efaroxan (I1R antagonist, 0.6 mg/kg/day, i.p), both treatments, or vehicles for the last two weeks. Blood pressure, lipid profile, and glycemic control were evaluated. Histopathological examination, circulating cardiac troponin I (c-TnI), proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6), apoptosis (active caspase-3 and Fas-immunostaining), interstitial fibrosis [transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Mallory's trichrome staining], and extracellular matrix remodeling [matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)], were used to assess cardiac pathology. Cardiac NR4A2 and its downstream factor, p53, as well as autophagic flux markers, SQSTM1/p62, LC3, and Beclin-1 were also determined. KEY FINDINGS Moxonidine significantly ameliorated MetS-induced metabolic and hemodynamic derangements and the associated cardiac pathology. Moxonidine restored NR4A2 and p53 myocardial levels and enhanced autophagic flux via modulating SQSTM1/p62, LC3, and Beclin-1. Efaroxan reversed the majority of the moxonidine-induced improvements. SIGNIFICANCE The current study suggests that autophagy modulation via I1R activation is involved in moxonidine-mediated cardiac beneficial effects in MetS.
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Mohamed RMSM, Ahmad EA, Omran BHF, Sakr AT, Ibrahim IAAEH, Mahmoud MF, El-Naggar ME. Mitigation of dexamethasone-induced nephrotoxicity by modulating the activity of adrenergic receptors: Implication of Wnt/β-arrestin2/β-catenin pathway. Life Sci 2022; 293:120304. [PMID: 35016879 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the role of α and β-adrenergic receptors (βARs) in mediation or modulation of the dexamethasone-induced nephrotoxicity by using different pharmacological interventions. Nephrotoxicity was induced by subcutaneous injection of dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) for 7 days in Wistar albino rats. Eight groups were used: control; dexamethasone; carvedilol; phenylephrine; carvedilol and phenylephrine; propranolol; doxazosin; propranolol and doxazosin. At the end of experiment, rats were euthanized and blood, urine and kidney samples were collected. Serum and urinary creatinine and urinary total protein levels were measured. Also, the renal tissue levels of diacylglycerol (DAG); Akt kinase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Wnt3A and β-catenin were recorded. Furthermore, histopathological and β-arrestin2-immunohistochemical examinations of renal tissues were performed. Results: Dexamethasone induced glomerular damage, proteinuria, renal oxidative stress and upregulated the renal Wnt/β-arrestin2/β-catenin pathway and the profibrotic signals. Blocking the α1 and βARs by carvedilol reduced the dexamethasone-induced nephrotoxicity. Pre-injection of phenylephrine did not reduce the reno-protective action of carvedilol. Blocking the βARs only by propranolol reduced the dexamethasone-induced nephrotoxicity to the same extent of carvedilol group. Blocking the α1ARs only by doxazosin reduced dexamethasone-induced nephrotoxicity to a higher extent than other treatments. However, combined use of propranolol and doxazosin did not synergize the reno-protective effects of doxazosin. Conclusion: Dexamethasone induces nephrotoxicity, possibly, by upregulating the Wnt/β-arrestin2/β-catenin pathway. Blocking either α1ARs or βARs can effectively protect against the dexamethasone-induced nephrotoxicity. However, combined blocking of α1ARs and βARs does not synergize the reno-protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M S M Mohamed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Enssaf Ahmad Ahmad
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Bothina H F Omran
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amr T Sakr
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, El-Sadat University, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Islam A A E-H Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt.
| | - Mona F Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mostafa E El-Naggar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
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Maharjan J, Le S, Green-Saxena A, Khattar M, Calvert J, Pellegrini E, JanaHoffman, Das R. Mortality, Disease Progression, and Disease Burden of Acute Kidney Injury in Alcohol Use Disorder Subpopulation. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:46-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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6
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OUP accepted manuscript. J Pharm Pharmacol 2022; 74:1180-1192. [DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Brown CLJ, Zaytsoff SJM, Montina T, Inglis GD. Corticosterone-Mediated Physiological Stress Alters Liver, Kidney, and Breast Muscle Metabolomic Profiles in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113056. [PMID: 34827788 PMCID: PMC8614290 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Corticosterone is the major stress hormone in birds and research has shown that an increase in corticosterone can have adverse effects on bird health (e.g., predisposition to disease) production performance metrics. However, it is not currently possible to monitor commercial flocks for stress before performance is affected. A popular model of chicken stress involves administering corticosterone to chickens though their drinking water. However, corticosterone is non-polar so it must first be dissolved in ethanol, which means that the chickens are also drinking ethanol. In this study, an untargeted nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics approach was used to investigate the effects of this model of stress in chickens, as well as the effects corticosterone on the chicken kidney, liver, and breast muscle metabolomes. We hypothesized that physiological stress modulates the metabolome of liver, kidney, and breast muscle due to increases in catabolism and gluconeogenesis. The administration of corticosterone altered the chicken liver, kidney, and breast muscle metabolomes. However, the ethanol carrier affected the metabolome of all three tissues, which indicated that corticosterone should be administered in an alternate fashion in future metabolomics studies to remove the confounding effects of ethanol. Furthermore, future research should focus on relating metabolite changes in tissues to non-destructive markers like blood, feces, or feathers to develop new diagnostic tools to better monitor on-farm stress during production. Abstract The impact of physiological stress on the metabolomes of liver, kidney, and breast muscle was investigated in chickens. To incite a stress response, birds were continuously administered corticosterone (CORT) in their drinking water at three doses (0, 10, and 30 mg L−1), and they were sampled 1, 5, and 12 days after the start of the CORT administration. To solubilize CORT, it was first dissolved in ethanol and then added to water. The administration of ethanol alone significantly altered branched chain amino acid metabolism in both the liver and the kidney, and amino acid and nitrogen metabolism in breast muscle. CORT significantly altered sugar and amino acid metabolism in all three tissues, but to a much greater degree than ethanol alone. In this regard, CORT administration significantly altered 11, 46, and 14 unique metabolites in liver, kidney, and breast muscle, respectively. Many of the metabolites that were affected by CORT administration, such as mannose and glucose, were previously linked to increases in glycosylation and gluconeogenesis in chickens under conditions of production stress. Moreover, several of these metabolites, such as dimethylglycine, galactose, and carnosine were also previously linked to reduced quality meat. In summary, the administration of CORT in chickens significantly modulated host metabolism. Moreover, results indicated that energy potentials are diverted from muscle anabolism to muscle catabolism and gluconeogenesis during periods of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. J. Brown
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (C.L.J.B.); (S.J.M.Z.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Sarah J. M. Zaytsoff
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (C.L.J.B.); (S.J.M.Z.)
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Tony Montina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Southern Alberta Genome Science Centre, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (G.D.I.); Tel.: +1-403-394-3927 (T.M.); +1-403-317-3355 (G.D.I.)
| | - G. Douglas Inglis
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada; (C.L.J.B.); (S.J.M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.); (G.D.I.); Tel.: +1-403-394-3927 (T.M.); +1-403-317-3355 (G.D.I.)
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Park S, Lee S, Kim Y, Lee Y, Kang MW, Kim K, Kim YC, Han SS, Lee H, Lee JP, Joo KW, Lim CS, Kim YS, Kim DK. Causal effect of alcohol use on the risk of end-stage kidney disease and related comorbidities: a Mendelian randomization study. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:282-293. [PMID: 34024088 PMCID: PMC8237113 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inverse observational association between alcohol use and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) or end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has been reported. The causal effect of alcohol use on the risk of ESKD warrants additional investigation. METHODS The study was an observational cohort study investigating the UK Biobank and performed Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Amounts of alcohol use were collected using a touchscreen questionnaire. In the observational analysis, 212,133 participants without prevalent ESKD were studied, and the association between alcohol use and the risk of prevalent CKD or incident ESKD was investigated. The genetic analysis included 337,138 participants of white British ancestry. For one-sample MR, an analysis based on a polygenic risk score (PRS) was conducted with genetically predicted alcohol intake. The MR analysis investigated ESKD outcome and related comorbidities. RESULTS Lower alcohol use was observationally associated with a higher risk of prevalent CKD or incident ESKD. However, the genetic risk of CKD was significantly associated with lower alcohol use, suggesting reverse causation. A higher PRS for alcohol use was significantly associated with a higher risk of ESKD (per units of one phenotypical alcohol drink; adjusted odds ratio of 1.16 [95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.31]) and related comorbidities, including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and central obesity. CONCLUSION The inverse observational association between alcohol use and the risk of CKD or ESKD may have been affected by reverse causation. Our study supports a causal effect of alcohol use on a higher risk of ESKD and related predisposing comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Korean Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Soojin Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji University Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yaerim Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonhee Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu Eulji University Medical Center, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Woo Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chul Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Seok Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hajeong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Pyo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Wook Joo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yon Su Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Ki Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Kidney Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Alcohol promotes renal fibrosis by activating Nox2/4-mediated DNA methylation of Smad7. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:103-122. [PMID: 31898747 DOI: 10.1042/cs20191047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption causes renal injury and compromises kidney function. The underlying mechanism of the alcoholic kidney disease remains largely unknown. In the present study, an alcoholic renal fibrosis animal model was first employed which mice received liquid diet containing alcohol for 4 to 12 weeks. The Masson's Trichrome staining analysis showed that kidney fibrosis increased at week 8 and 12 in the animal model that was further confirmed by albumin assay, Western blot, immunostaining and real-time PCR of fibrotic indexes (collagen I and α-SMA). In vitro analysis also confirmed that alcohol significantly induced fibrotic response (collagen I and α-SMA) in HK2 tubular epithelial cells. Importantly, both in vivo and in vitro studies showed alcohol treatments decreased Smad7 and activated Smad3. We further determined how the alcohol affected the balance of Smad7 (inhibitory Smad) and Smad3 (regulatory Smad). Genome-wide methylation sequencing showed an increased DNA methylation of many genes and bisulfite sequencing analysis showed an increased DNA methylation of Smad7 after alcohol ingestion. We also found DNA methylation of Smad7 was mediated by DNMT1 in ethyl alcohol (EtOH)-treated HK2 cells. Knockdown of Nox2 or Nox4 decreased DNMT1 and rebalanced Smad7/Smad3 axis, and thereby relieved EtOH-induced fibrotic response. The inhibition of reactive oxygen species by the intraperitoneal injection of apocynin attenuated renal fibrosis and restored renal function in the alcoholic mice. Collectively, we established novel in vivo and in vitro alcoholic kidney fibrosis models and found that alcohol induces renal fibrosis by activating oxidative stress-induced DNA methylation of Smad7. Suppression of Nox-mediated oxidative stress may be a potential therapy for long-term alcohol abuse-induced kidney fibrosis.
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Elkomy NMIM, Ibrahim IAAEH, El-Fayoumi HM, Elshazly SM. Effect of imidazoline-1 receptor agonists on renal dysfunction in rats associated with chronic, sequential fructose and ethanol administration. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:609-619. [PMID: 31869439 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and chronic alcoholism are risk factors for renal dysfunction. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of two imidazoline-1 receptor (I1R) agonists on renal dysfunction in rats after chronic, sequential fructose and ethanol administration. Daily drinking water was supplemented with fructose (10%, w/v) for 12 weeks and then with ethanol (20%, v/v) for another 8 weeks. Rats were treated with rilmenidine and clonidine in the last two weeks of the study. Blood glucose and serum insulin (sIns) levels, lipid profiles, kidney function and renal histopathology were evaluated at the end of the experiment. Additionally, renal gene expression of nischarin, phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase C (PC-PLC) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured. Renal levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and total NO (tNO) were detected, and we determined the relative renal gene expression levels of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), hydroxyproline, interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and caspase-3. The results showed significant deterioration of blood glucose, sIns, lipid profiles, kidney function and renal histopathology in fructose/ethanol-fed rats. Additionally, markers of inflammation, fibrosis, apoptosis and oxidative stress were upregulated. The administration of rilmenidine or clonidine significantly improved blood glucose and sIns levels and reduced renal dysfunction. Our work showed that chronic, sequential fructose and ethanol administration induced fasting hyperglycaemia and renal impairment, and these effects were ameliorated by I1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesreen M I M Elkomy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Islam A A E-H Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hassan M El-Fayoumi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kantara Sinai University, Arish, Egypt
| | - Shimaa M Elshazly
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Fan Z, Yun J, Yu S, Yang Q, Song L. Alcohol Consumption Can be a "Double-Edged Sword" for Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7059-7072. [PMID: 31538630 PMCID: PMC6767945 DOI: 10.12659/msm.916121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive drinking of alcohol is becoming a worldwide problem, and people have recognized that there exists a close relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and alcohol consumption. However, there are many inconsistencies between experimental and clinical studies on alcohol consumption and kidney damage. The possible reason for this contradictory conclusion is the complex drinking pattern of humans and some bioactivators in wine. In addition, the design itself of the clinical studies can also produce conflicting interpretations of the results. Considering the benefits of light-to-moderate alcohol consumption, we recommend that CKD patients continue light-to-moderate drinking, which is beneficial to them. Because alcohol consumption can lead to adverse events, we do not advise non-drinkers to start to drink. Although light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may not pose a risk to patients with CKD, the patients’ condition needs to be considered. Consumption of even small amounts of alcohol can be associated with increased death risk. Additional clinical and experimental studies are needed to clarify the effect of alcohol on the kidneys and alcohol consumption on CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenliang Fan
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Yun
- First Clinic School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Qiaorui Yang
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Liqun Song
- First Clinic School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China (mainland)
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12
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Dogan A, Anuk OO. Investigation of the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of chinar (Platanus orientalis L.) leaf infusion against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:3049-3061. [PMID: 30864112 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04741-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chinar (Platanus orientalis L.) is used in folk medicine against tooth and knee pain, wounds, inflammation, and stomach discomfort; however, the effects of P. orientalis leaf (PO-leaf) infusion on the liver and kidney are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of an infusion obtained from dried P. orientalis leaves against ethanol-induced oxidative stress (OS) in rats. After a toxicity test, thirty male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, Ethanol 20%, Ethanol 20% + Silymarin (10 mg/kg), Ethanol 20% + PO-20 mg/mL infusion, and Ethanol 20% + PO-60 mg/mL infusion. The PO-leaf infusion doses were given ad libitum during 28 days to test the biochemical and antioxidant enzyme levels. According to the results, the PO-leaf contained rich compounds such as benzaldehyde, palmitic acid, 2,4-ditert-butylphenol, stearic acid, octadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, kaempferol, and kaempferol derivatives. In the Ethanol group, AST, ALT, LDH, GGT, UA, and urea in the serum and GST and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver and erythrocyte tissues showed a significant increase compared to the Control group. AST, LDH, GGT, UA, and LDL-C levels in the serum and MDA (all tissues) significantly decreased in the Ethanol + PO-60 mg/mL group compared to the Ethanol group. SOD, GPx, and CAT activities in the kidney tissue of the Ethanol group showed a significant decrease compared to the Control group, whereas the GPx activity in kidney tissue in all of the treatment groups increased significantly compared to the Ethanol group. These findings suggest that the administration of the determined PO-leaf infusion doses might have a protective role against ethanol-induced liver and kidney damage in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulahad Dogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
| | - Ozgur Ozan Anuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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Soldatov VO, Shmykova EA, Pershina MA, Ksenofontov AO, Zamitsky YM, Kulikov AL, Peresypkina AA, Dovgan AP, Belousova YV. Imidazoline receptors agonists: possible mechanisms of endothelioprotection. RESEARCH RESULTS IN PHARMACOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.3897/rrpharmacology.4.27221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Imidazoline receptor agonists are one of the groups of contemporary antihypertensive drugs with the pleiotropic cardiovascular effects. In this review, the historical, physiological, pathophysiological aspects concerning imidazoline receptor agonists and possible mechanisms for their participation in endothelioprotection were considered. Illuminated the molecular biology of each subtype of imidazoline receptors and their significance in the pharmacological correction of cardiovascular disease.IR type 1 are localized in the brain nucleus, carrying out the descending tonic control of sympathetic activation, as well as in the endothelial cells of the vessels and kidneys. Their activation leads to a decrease in blood pressure, slowing the remodeling of the vascular wall and increasing sodium nares. IR type 2 is expressed predominantly in the adrenal gland, fat and muscle tissues. The physiological effects of their stimulation are associated with an increase in glucose utilization by peripheral tissues. IR type 3 are mainly present in pancreatic cells and are associated with the regulation of insulin secretion. Their stimulation leads to an increase in insulin liberation. Thus, IR agonists are able to improve endothelial function through various mechanisms, including blood pressure reduction, improvement in metabolic profile, and direct positive effects on the vascular wall.Current information on the pharmacological effects of this group compounds allows us to conclude that they are a promising group for correcting endothelial dysfunction and complications associated with it.
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