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Wang L, Fang X, Ling B, Wang F, Xia Y, Zhang W, Zhong T, Wang X. Research progress on ferroptosis in the pathogenesis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1359453. [PMID: 38515787 PMCID: PMC10955106 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1359453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Globally, millions of individuals are impacted by neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although a great deal of energy and financial resources have been invested in disease-related research, breakthroughs in therapeutic approaches remain elusive. The breakdown of cells usually happens together with the onset of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism that triggers neuronal loss is unknown. Lipid peroxidation, which is iron-dependent, causes a specific type of cell death called ferroptosis, and there is evidence its involvement in the pathogenic cascade of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the specific mechanisms are still not well known. The present article highlights the basic processes that underlie ferroptosis and the corresponding signaling networks. Furthermore, it provides an overview and discussion of current research on the role of ferroptosis across a variety of neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiansong Fang
- Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Baodian Ling
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Fangsheng Wang
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoling Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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Hammoud R, Drucker DJ. Beyond the pancreas: contrasting cardiometabolic actions of GIP and GLP1. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:201-216. [PMID: 36509857 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00783-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) exhibit incretin activity, meaning that they potentiate glucose-dependent insulin secretion. The emergence of GIP receptor (GIPR)-GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) co-agonists has fostered growing interest in the actions of GIP and GLP1 in metabolically relevant tissues. Here, we update concepts of how these hormones act beyond the pancreas. The actions of GIP and GLP1 on liver, muscle and adipose tissue, in the control of glucose and lipid homeostasis, are discussed in the context of plausible mechanisms of action. Both the GIPR and GLP1R are expressed in the central nervous system, wherein receptor activation produces anorectic effects enabling weight loss. In preclinical studies, GIP and GLP1 reduce atherosclerosis. Furthermore, GIPR and GLP1R are expressed within the heart and immune system, and GLP1R within the kidney, revealing putative mechanisms linking GIP and GLP1R agonism to cardiorenal protection. We interpret the clinical and mechanistic data obtained for different agents that enable weight loss and glucose control for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, respectively, by activating or blocking GIPR signalling, including the GIPR-GLP1R co-agonist tirzepatide, as well as the GIPR antagonist-GLP1R agonist AMG-133. Collectively, we update translational concepts of GIP and GLP1 action, while highlighting gaps, areas of uncertainty and controversies meriting ongoing investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rola Hammoud
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel J Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mt Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Xu Y, Zhao J, Zhao Y, Zhou L, Qiao H, Xu Q, Liu Y. The role of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1655-1661. [PMID: 36385663 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08048-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is newly identified as a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death. It is characterized by iron-dependent intracellular accumulation of lipid peroxides which ultimately leads to oxidative stress and cell death. Ferroptosis has been identified in several diseases, such as cancer, renal failure, liver injury, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Besides, it has been reported to be involved in the pathological mechanism of neurodegenerative diseases (NDD). In addition, interventions targeting ferroptosis can influence the course of NDD, making it a potential therapeutic target for NDD. By summarizing the current research on ferroptosis and its impact on many neurological diseases, we hope to provide valuable strategies for the underlying mechanisms and treatment of these neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Haoduo Qiao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
- National Medicine Functional Experimental Teaching Center, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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Bains M, Kaur J, Akhtar A, Kuhad A, Sah SP. Anti-inflammatory effects of ellagic acid and vanillic acid against quinolinic acid-induced rat model of Huntington's disease by targeting IKK-NF-κB pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 934:175316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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The Role of Tryptophan Dysmetabolism and Quinolinic Acid in Depressive and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12070998. [PMID: 35883554 PMCID: PMC9313172 DOI: 10.3390/biom12070998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is involved in both depression and neurodegenerative diseases. The kynurenine pathway, generating metabolites which may play a role in pathogenesis, is one of several competing pathways of tryptophan metabolism. The present article is a narrative review of tryptophan metabolism, neuroinflammation, depression, and neurodegeneration. A disturbed tryptophan metabolism with increased activity of the kynurenine pathway and production of quinolinic acid may result in deficiencies in tryptophan and derived neurotransmitters. Quinolinic acid is an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist, and raised levels in CSF, together with increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, have been reported in mood disorders. Increased quinolinic acid has also been observed in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and HIV-related cognitive decline. Oxidative stress in connection with increased indole-dioxygenase (IDO) activity and kynurenine formation may contribute to inflammatory responses and the production of cytokines. Increased formation of quinolinic acid may occur at the expense of kynurenic acid and neuroprotective picolinic acid. While awaiting ongoing research on potential pharmacological interventions on tryptophan metabolism, adequate protein intake with appropriate amounts of tryptophan and antioxidants may offer protection against oxidative stress and provide a balanced set of physiological receptor ligands.
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Bansal Y, Singh R, Sodhi RK, Khare P, Dhingra R, Dhingra N, Bishnoi M, Kondepudi KK, Kuhad A. Kynurenine monooxygenase inhibition and associated reduced quinolinic acid reverses depression-like behaviour by upregulating Nrf2/ARE pathway in mouse model of depression: In-vivo and In-silico studies. Neuropharmacology 2022; 215:109169. [PMID: 35753430 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenine pathway, a neuroimmunological pathway plays a substantial role in depression. Consistently, increased levels of neurotoxic metabolite of kynurenine pathway; quinolinic acid (QA) found in the suicidal patients and remitted major depressive patients. QA, an endogenous modulator of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor is produced by microglial cells, may serve as a potential candidate for a link between antioxidant defence system and immune changes in depression. Further, nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2) like 2 (Nrf2), an endogenous antioxidant transcription factor plays a significant role in maintaining antioxidant homeostasis during basal and stress conditions. The present study was designed to explore the effects of KMO-inhibition (Kynurenine monooxygenase) and association of reduced QA on Keap1/Nrf2/ARE pathway activity in olfactory bulbectomized mice (OBX-mice). KMO catalysis the neurotoxic branch of kynurenine pathway directing the synthesis of QA. KMO inhibitionshowed significant reversal of depressive-like behaviour, restored Keap-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression, and associated antioxidant levels in cortex and hippocampus of OBX-mice. KMO inhibition also increased PI3K/AKT mRNA expression in OBX-mice. KMO inhibition and associated reduced QA significantly decreased inflammatory markers, kynurenine and increased the 5-HT, 5-HIAA and tryptophan levels in OBX-mice. Furthermore, molecular docking studies has shown good binding affinity of QA towards ubiquitin proteasome complex and PI3K protein involved in Keap-1 dependent and independent proteasome degradation of Nrf2 respectively supporting our in-vivo findings. Hence, QA might act as pro-oxidant through downregulating Nrf2/ARE pathway along with modulating other pathways and KMO inhibition could be a potential therapeutic target for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashika Bansal
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raghunath Singh
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rupinder Kaur Sodhi
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pragyanshu Khare
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Richa Dhingra
- Pharmachemistry Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelima Dhingra
- Pharmachemistry Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Kanthi Kiran Kondepudi
- Food and Nutritional Biotechnology, National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab, India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Lab, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
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Salman M, Sharma P, Alam MI, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Naringenin mitigates behavioral alterations and provides neuroprotection against 3-nitropropinoic acid-induced Huntington's disease like symptoms in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 25:1898-1908. [PMID: 33856270 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.1913319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naringenin is a powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory flavonoid which has been widely used as a therapeutic agent in various toxic models. However, few studies have clearly discussed the neuromodulatory effects of naringenin against different neurodegenerative disorders. AIM We investigated the neuroprotective efficacy of naringenin against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurobehavioral, biochemical and histopathological alterations in rats. METHODS Albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups. Group 1, the vehicle administered group, received saline. Group 2 received 3-NP (20 mg/kg body weight, i.p.) for 4 consecutive days. Group 3 received naringenin (50 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) twice daily for a period of 4 days, 30 min before and 6 h after the 3-NP administration. On the 5th day, neurobehavioral experiments were performed to access the behavioral outcomes and the striatum tissue was used for analysis of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity and serotonin (5-HT) levels. In addition, astrocytes activation was observed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining. RESULTS Our results showed that naringenin co-treatment provides neuroprotection against 3-NP-induced neurological disorders. Naringenin also increased the MAO activity and 5-HT levels in the striatum. Moreover, co-treatment with naringenin reduced the expression of GFAP protein in the striatal part and significantly attenuated the neuronal cell death. The findings of the present study suggest that naringenin provides neuroprotection and mitigates neurobehavioral alterations in experimental rats. CONCLUSION The results show that co-treatment with naringenin ameliorates 3-NP-induced HD-like symptoms in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salman
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Iqbal Alam
- Department of Medical Physiology, HIMSR, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, V. Ramalingaswamy Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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O'Connell AB, Kuchel TR, Perumal SR, Sherwood V, Neumann D, Finnie JW, Hemsley KM, Morton AJ. Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Sheep (Ovis aries) With Quinolinic Acid Lesions of the Striatum: Time-Dependent Recovery of N-Acetylaspartate and Fractional Anisotropy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2021; 79:1084-1092. [PMID: 32743645 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/nlaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We created an excitotoxic striatal lesion model of Huntington disease (HD) in sheep, using the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor agonist, quinolinic acid (QA). Sixteen sheep received a bolus infusion of QA (75 µL, 180 mM) or saline, first into the left and then (4 weeks later) into the right striatum. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the striata were performed. Metabolite concentrations and fractional anisotropy (FA) were measured at baseline, acutely (1 week after each surgery) and chronically (5 weeks or greater after the surgeries). There was a significant decrease in the neuronal marker N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and in FA in acutely lesioned striata of the QA-lesioned sheep, followed by a recovery of NAA and FA in the chronically lesioned striata. NAA level changes indicate acute death and/or impairment of neurons immediately after surgery, with recovery of reversibly impaired neurons over time. The change in FA values of the QA-lesioned striata is consistent with acute structural disruption, followed by re-organization and glial cell infiltration with time. Our study demonstrates that MRS and DTI changes in QA-sheep are consistent with HD-like pathology shown in other model species and that the MR investigations can be performed in sheep using a clinically relevant human 3T MRI scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B O'Connell
- Pre-Clinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories (PIRL), South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia.,School of Medical Specialties, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Timothy R Kuchel
- Pre-Clinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories (PIRL), South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Sunthara R Perumal
- Pre-Clinical, Imaging and Research Laboratories (PIRL), South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, South Australia
| | | | - Daniel Neumann
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, SAHMRI, Adelaide, Australia.,Childhood Dementia Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John W Finnie
- Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kim M Hemsley
- Childhood Dementia Research Group, Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, SAHMRI, Adelaide, Australia.,Childhood Dementia Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - A Jennifer Morton
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
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Haider M, Salman M, Kaushik P, Bharadwaj N, Aggarwal NB, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Chrysin ameliorates 3 nitropropinoic acid induced neurotoxicity targeting behavioural, biochemical and histological alterations. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:450-458. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1821677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Haider
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd. Salman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Pooja Kaushik
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Neha Bharadwaj
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Bharal Aggarwal
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Indian Council of Medical Research, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Blood Oxidative Stress Marker Aberrations in Patients with Huntington's Disease: A Meta-Analysis Study. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9187195. [PMID: 32963705 PMCID: PMC7499314 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9187195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a hereditary autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. Although studies have shown that blood oxidative stress markers are dysregulated in HD patients, clinical data on the blood oxidative stress markers of HD patients is inconsistent. To better understand the pathogenesis of HD, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of blood oxidative stress markers in HD patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. A database search from PubMed and Web of Science identified 12 studies with 375 HD patients and 447 HC subjects in this meta-analysis. A random-effects meta-analysis showed that blood lipid peroxidation products (Hedges' g = 0.883, 95%CI = 0.637 to 1.130, p < 0.001), 8-hydroxyguanosine (Hedges' g = 1.727, 95%CI = 0.489 to 2.965, p = 0.006) levels, and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (Hedges' g = 2.026, 95%CI = 0.570 to 3.482, p = 0.006) were significantly increased in HD patients compared to controls. In contrast, reduced glutathione levels were lower in HD patients than in controls (Hedges' g = −0.611, 95%CI = −1.016 to − 0.207, p = 0.003). However, blood superoxide dismutase, cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and triglycerides did not show significant differences between cases and controls. Taken together, this study clarified the associations between blood oxidative stress markers and HD, supporting the clinical evidence that HD is accompanied by increased oxidative stress.
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Adriaenssens AE, Gribble FM, Reimann F. The glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide signaling axis in the central nervous system. Peptides 2020; 125:170194. [PMID: 31697967 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2019.170194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is an incretin hormone released from the epithelium of the upper small intestine. While GIP shares common actions on the pancreatic beta cell with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), unlike GLP-1, GIP presents a complex target for the development of diabetes and obesity therapies due to its extra-pancreatic effects on fat mass. Recent pharmacological developments, however, have provided insight into a previously unrecognized role for GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling in regulating appetite. Additionally, GIP-based therapeutics have demonstrated promising neuroprotective properties. Together these observations identify an important central component of the GIP/GIPR signaling axis, and have triggered a resurgence of research interest into the central actions of GIP. In this review, we discuss what is currently known about where GIP may act in the central nervous system (CNS), the characteristics of its target cell populations, and the physiological effects of manipulating the activity Gipr-expressing cells in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Adriaenssens
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - F M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - F Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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12
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Salman M, Tabassum H, Parvez S. Piperine mitigates behavioral impairments and provides neuroprotection against 3-nitropropinoic acid-induced Huntington disease-like symptoms. Nutr Neurosci 2020; 25:100-109. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2020.1721645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Salman
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Heena Tabassum
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Suhel Parvez
- Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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13
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Farr OM, Pilitsi E, Mantzoros CS. Of mice and men: incretin actions in the central nervous system. Metabolism 2019; 98:121-135. [PMID: 31173757 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Incretins have risen to the forefront of therapies for obesity and related metabolic complications, primarily because of their efficacy and relatively few side effects. Importantly, their efficacy in altering energy balance and decreasing body weight is apparently through actions in the central nervous system (CNS); the latter may have implications beyond obesity per se, i.e. in other disease states associated with obesity including CNS-related disorders. Here, we first describe the role of the CNS in energy homeostasis and then the current state of knowledge in terms of incretin physiology, pathophysiology and efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. In the future, more clinical studies are needed to fully map mechanistic pathways underlying incretin actions and outcomes in the human CNS. Additionally, future research will likely lead to the discovery of additional novel incretins and/or more efficacious medications with less side effects through the improvement of current compounds with properties that would allow them to have more favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles and/or by combining known and novel incretins into safe and more efficacious combination therapies leading ultimately to more tangible benefits for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Farr
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
| | - Eleni Pilitsi
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Division of Endocrinology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, United States of America
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14
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Verma MK, Goel R, Krishnadas N, Nemmani KVS. Targeting glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor for neurodegenerative disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2018; 22:615-628. [PMID: 29911915 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2018.1487952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Incretin hormones, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) exert pleiotropic effects on endocrine pancreas and nervous system. Expression of GIP and GIP receptor (GIPR) in neurons, their roles in neurogenesis, synaptic plasticity, neurotransmission, and neuromodulation uniquely position GIPR for therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative disorders. GIP analogs acting as GIPR agonists attenuate neurobehavioral and neuropathological sequelae of neurodegenerative disorders in preclinical models, e.g. Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and cerebrovascular disorders. Modulation of GIPR signaling offers an unprecedented approach for disease modification by arresting neuronal viability decline, enabling neuronal regeneration, and reducing neuroinflammation. Growth-promoting effects of GIP signaling and broad-based neuroprotection highlight the therapeutic potential of GIPR agonists. Areas covered: This review focuses on the role of GIPR-mediated signaling in the central nervous system in neurophysiological and neuropathological conditions. In context of neurodegeneration, the article summarizes potential of targeting GIPR signaling for neurodegenerative conditions such as AD, PD, traumatic brain injury, and cerebrovascular disorders. Expert opinion: GIPR represents a validated therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders. GIPR agonists impart symptomatic improvements, slowed neurodegeneration, and enhanced neuronal regenerative capacity in preclinical models. Modulation of GIPR signaling is potentially a viable therapeutic approach for disease modification in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahip K Verma
- a Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development , Lupin Limited , Pune , India
| | - Rajan Goel
- a Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development , Lupin Limited , Pune , India
| | - Nandakumar Krishnadas
- b Department of Pharmacology , Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE) , Manipal , India
| | - Kumar V S Nemmani
- a Department of Pharmacology, Novel Drug Discovery and Development , Lupin Limited , Pune , India
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