1
|
Bentsen S, Sams A, Hasbak P, Edvinsson L, Kjaer A, Ripa RS. Myocardial perfusion recovery induced by an α-calcitonin gene-related peptide analogue. J Nucl Cardiol 2022; 29:2090-2099. [PMID: 34089154 PMCID: PMC9553834 DOI: 10.1007/s12350-021-02678-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endogenous calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) induces cardioprotective effects through coronary vasodilation. However, the systemic administration of CGRP induces peripheral vasodilation and positive chronotropic and inotropic effects. This study aims to examine the net effect on coronary perfusion of the systemically administered α-calcitonin gene-related peptide analogue, SAX, in rats during myocardial infarction. METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent myocardial infarction. Following left anterior descending artery occlusion, [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi was administered to determine the myocardial perfusion before treatment. Twenty minutes, 24 and 48 h after [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi injection, the rats were treated with either SAX or placebo. Final infarct size was determined three weeks later by [99mTc]Tc-sestamibi SPECT/CT scan. RESULTS Thirty-one rats survived the surgery and 20 completed the follow-up SPECT/CT scan (SAX n = 12; Placebo n = 8). At baseline, there was no difference in size of perfusion defect between the groups (P = .88), but at follow-up the SAX group had improved myocardial recovery compared to the placebo group (P = .04), corresponding to a relative perfusion recovery of 55% in SAX-treated rats. CONCLUSION The CGRP analogue, SAX, has a cardioprotective effect in this rat model of myocardial infarction, improving myocardial perfusion recovery after chronic occlusion of the coronary artery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Bentsen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Anette Sams
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordstjernevej 42, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Philip Hasbak
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Glostrup University Hospital, Nordstjernevej 42, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus S Ripa
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET and Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Rigshospitalet and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
CGRP inhibits human Langerhans cells infection with HSV by differentially modulating specific HSV-1 and HSV-2 entry mechanisms. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:762-771. [PMID: 35562558 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00521-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is widespread globally, with both HSV-1 and HSV-2 responsible for genital herpes. During sexual transmission, HSV targets epithelial cells, sensory peripheral pain neurons secreting the mucosal neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and mucosal immune cells including Langerhans cells (LCs). We previously described a neuro-immune crosstalk, whereby CGRP inhibits LCs-mediated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmission. Herein, to further explore CGRP-mediated anti-viral function, we investigated whether CGRP affects LCs infection with HSV. We found that both HSV-1 and HSV-2 primary isolates productively infect monocyte-derived LCs (MDLCs) and inner foreskin LCs. Moreover, CGRP significantly inhibits infection with both HSV subtypes of MDLCs and langerinhigh, but not langerinlow, inner foreskin LCs. For HSV-1, infection is mediated via the HSV-1-specific entry receptor 3-O sulfated heparan sulfate (3-OS HS) in a pH-depended manner, and CGRP down-regulates 3-OS HS surface expression, as well as abrogates pH dependency. For HSV-2, infection involves langerin-mediated endocytosis in a pH-independent manner, and CGRP up-regulates surface expression of atypical langerin double-trimer oligomers. Our results show that CGRP inhibits mucosal HSV infection by differentially modulating subtype-specific entry receptors and mechanisms in human LCs. CGRP could turn out useful for prevention of LCs-mediated HSV infection and HSV/HIV-1 co-infection.
Collapse
|
3
|
Jamaluddin A, Chuang CL, Williams ET, Siow A, Yang SH, Harris PWR, Petersen JSSM, Bower RL, Chand S, Brimble MA, Walker CS, Hay DL, Loomes KM. Lipidated Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Peptide Antagonists Retain CGRP Receptor Activity and Attenuate CGRP Action In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:832589. [PMID: 35341216 PMCID: PMC8942775 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.832589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Signaling through calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptors is associated with pain, migraine, and energy expenditure. Small molecule and monoclonal antibody CGRP receptor antagonists that block endogenous CGRP action are in clinical use as anti-migraine therapies. By comparison, the potential utility of peptide antagonists has received less attention due to suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties. Lipidation is an established strategy to increase peptide half-life in vivo. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of developing lipidated CGRP peptide antagonists that retain receptor antagonist activity in vitro and attenuate endogenous CGRP action in vivo. CGRP peptide analogues based on the archetypal CGRP receptor antagonist, CGRP8-37, were palmitoylated at the N-terminus, position 24, and near the C-terminus at position 35. The antagonist activities of the lipidated peptide analogues were tested in vitro using transfected Cos-7 cells expressing either the human or mouse CGRP receptor, amylin subtype 1 (AMY1) receptor, adrenomedullin (AM) receptors, or calcitonin receptor. Antagonist activities were also evaluated in SK-N-MC cells that endogenously express the human CGRP receptor. Lipidated peptides were then tested for their ability to antagonize endogenous CGRP action in vivo using a capsaicin-induced dermal vasodilation (CIDV) model in C57/BL6J mice. All lipidated peptides except for the C-terminally modified analogue retained potent antagonist activity compared to CGRP8-37 towards the CGRP receptor. The lipidated peptides also retained, and sometimes gained, antagonist activities at AMY1, AM1 and AM2 receptors. Several lipidated peptides produced robust inhibition of CIDV in mice. This study demonstrates that selected lipidated peptide antagonists based on αCGRP8-37 retain potent antagonist activity at the CGRP receptor and are capable of inhibition of endogenous CGRP action in vivo. These findings suggest that lipidation can be applied to peptide antagonists, such as αCGRP8-37 and are a potential strategy for antagonizing CGRP action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aqfan Jamaluddin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chia-Lin Chuang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Elyse T Williams
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew Siow
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sung Hyun Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Paul W R Harris
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Rebekah L Bower
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shanan Chand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A Brimble
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Debbie L Hay
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kerry M Loomes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mariotton J, Sams A, Cohen E, Sennepin A, Siracusano G, Sanvito F, Edvinsson L, Delongchamps NB, Zerbib M, Lopalco L, Bomsel M, Ganor Y. Native CGRP Neuropeptide and Its Stable Analogue SAX, But Not CGRP Peptide Fragments, Inhibit Mucosal HIV-1 Transmission. Front Immunol 2021; 12:785072. [PMID: 34956215 PMCID: PMC8692891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The vasodilator neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays both detrimental and protective roles in different pathologies. CGRP is also an essential component of the neuro-immune dialogue between nociceptors and mucosal immune cells. We previously discovered that CGRP is endowed with anti-viral activity and strongly inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, by suppressing Langerhans cells (LCs)-mediated HIV-1 trans-infection in-vitro and mucosal HIV-1 transmission ex-vivo. This inhibition is mediated via activation of the CGRP receptor non-canonical NFκB/STAT4 signaling pathway that induces a variety of cooperative mechanisms. These include CGRP-mediated increase in the expression of the LC-specific pathogen recognition C-type lectin langerin and decrease in LC-T-cell conjugates formation. The clinical utility of CGRP and modalities of CGRP receptor activation, for inhibition of mucosal HIV-1 transmission, remain elusive. Methods We tested the capacity of CGRP to inhibit HIV-1 infection in-vivo in humanized mice. We further compared the anti-HIV-1 activities of full-length native CGRP, its metabolically stable analogue SAX, and several CGRP peptide fragments containing its binding C-terminal and activating N-terminal regions. These agonists were evaluated for their capacity to inhibit LCs-mediated HIV-1 trans-infection in-vitro and mucosal HIV-1 transmission in human mucosal tissues ex-vivo. Results A single CGRP intravaginal topical treatment of humanized mice, followed by HIV-1 vaginal challenge, transiently restricts the increase in HIV-1 plasma viral loads but maintains long-lasting higher CD4+ T-cell counts. Similarly to CGRP, SAX inhibits LCs-mediated HIV-1 trans-infection in-vitro, but with lower potency. This inhibition is mediated via CGRP receptor activation, leading to increased expression of both langerin and STAT4 in LCs. In contrast, several N-terminal and N+C-terminal bivalent CGRP peptide fragments fail to increase langerin and STAT4, and accordingly lack anti-HIV-1 activities. Finally, like CGRP, treatment of human inner foreskin tissue explants with SAX, followed by polarized inoculation with cell-associated HIV-1, completely blocks formation of LC-T-cell conjugates and HIV-1 infection of T-cells. Conclusion Our results show that CGRP receptor activation by full-length CGRP or SAX is required for efficient inhibition of LCs-mediated mucosal HIV-1 transmission. These findings suggest that formulations containing CGRP, SAX and/or their optimized agonists/analogues could be harnessed for HIV-1 prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jammy Mariotton
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Anette Sams
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Cohen
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Sennepin
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel Siracusano
- Emerging Bacterial Pathogens Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Sanvito
- Pathology Unit, Division of Experimental Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Marc Zerbib
- Urology Service, GH Cochin-St Vincent de Paul, Paris, France
| | - Lucia Lopalco
- Immunobiology of HIV, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Morgane Bomsel
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Yonatan Ganor
- Laboratory of Mucosal Entry of HIV-1 and Mucosal Immunity, Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Institut Cochin, Université de Paris, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sasahara T, Satomura K, Tada M, Kakita A, Hoshi M. Alzheimer's Aβ assembly binds sodium pump and blocks endothelial NOS activity via ROS-PKC pathway in brain vascular endothelial cells. iScience 2021; 24:102936. [PMID: 34458695 PMCID: PMC8379508 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyloid β-protein (Aβ) may contribute to worsening of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through vascular dysfunction, but the molecular mechanism involved is unknown. Using ex vivo blood vessels and primary endothelial cells from human brain microvessels, we show that patient-derived Aβ assemblies, termed amylospheroids (ASPD), exist on the microvascular surface in patients' brains and inhibit vasorelaxation through binding to the α3 subunit of sodium, potassium-ATPase (NAKα3) in caveolae on endothelial cells. Interestingly, NAKα3 is also the toxic target of ASPD in neurons. ASPD-NAKα3 interaction elicits neurodegeneration through calcium overload in neurons, while the same interaction suppresses vasorelaxation by increasing the inactive form of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells via mitochondrial ROS and protein kinase C, independently of the physiological relaxation system. Thus, ASPD may contribute to both neuronal and vascular pathologies through binding to NAKα3. Therefore, blocking the ASPD-NAKα3 interaction may be a useful target for AD therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Sasahara
- Department for Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, CLIK 6F 6-3-7 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- TAO Health Life Pharma Co., Ltd., Med-Pharma Collaboration Bldg, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Satomura
- Department for Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, CLIK 6F 6-3-7 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- TAO Health Life Pharma Co., Ltd., Med-Pharma Collaboration Bldg, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Mari Tada
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Kakita
- Department of Pathology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8585, Japan
| | - Minako Hoshi
- Department for Brain and Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, CLIK 6F 6-3-7 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sohn I, Sheykhzade M, Edvinsson L, Sams A. The effects of CGRP in vascular tissue - Classical vasodilation, shadowed effects and systemic dilemmas. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173205. [PMID: 32442540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular tissue consists of endothelial cells, vasoactive smooth muscle cells and perivascular nerves. The perivascular sensory neuropeptide CGRP has demonstrated potent vasodilatory effects in any arterial vasculature examined so far, and a local protective CGRP-circuit of sensory nerve terminal CGRP release and smooth muscle cell CGRP action is evident. The significant vasodilatory effect has shadowed multiple other effects of CGRP in the vascular tissue and we therefore thoroughly review vascular actions of CGRP on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and perivascular nerve terminals. The actions beyond vasodilation includes neuronal re-uptake and neuromodulation, angiogenic, proliferative and antiproliferative, pro- and anti-inflammatory actions which vary depending on the target cell and anatomical location. In addition to the classical perivascular nerve-smooth muscle CGRP circuit, we review existing evidence for a shadowed endothelial autocrine pathway for CGRP. Finally, we discuss the impact of local and systemic actions of CGRP in vascular regulation and protection from hypertensive and ischemic heart conditions with special focus on therapeutic CGRP agonists and antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iben Sohn
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100, Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anette Sams
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Garelja M, Au M, Brimble MA, Gingell JJ, Hendrikse ER, Lovell A, Prodan N, Sexton PM, Siow A, Walker CS, Watkins HA, Williams GM, Wootten D, Yang SH, Harris PWR, Hay DL. Molecular Mechanisms of Class B GPCR Activation: Insights from Adrenomedullin Receptors. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:246-262. [PMID: 32296766 PMCID: PMC7155197 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adrenomedullin (AM) is a 52 amino acid peptide that plays a regulatory role in the vasculature. Receptors for AM comprise the class B G protein-coupled receptor, the calcitonin-like receptor (CLR), in complex with one of three receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). The C-terminus of AM is involved in binding to the extracellular domain of the receptor, while the N-terminus is proposed to interact with the juxtamembranous portion of the receptor to activate signaling. There is currently limited information on the molecular determinants involved in AM signaling, thus we set out to define the importance of the AM N-terminus through five signaling pathways (cAMP production, ERK phosphorylation, CREB phosphorylation, Akt phosphorylation, and IP1 production). We characterized the three CLR:RAMP complexes through the five pathways, finding that each had a distinct repertoire of intracellular signaling pathways that it is able to regulate. We then performed an alanine scan of AM from residues 15-31 and found that most residues could be substituted with only small effects on signaling, and that most substitutions affected signaling through all receptors and pathways in a similar manner. We identify F18, T20, L26, and I30 as being critical for AM function, while also identifying an analogue (AM15-52 G19A) which has unique signaling properties relative to the unmodified AM. We interpret our findings in the context of new structural information, highlighting the complementary nature of structural biology and functional assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael
L. Garelja
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Maggie Au
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Margaret A. Brimble
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Joseph J. Gingell
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Erica R. Hendrikse
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Annie Lovell
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Prodan
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Patrick M. Sexton
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew Siow
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Christopher S. Walker
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Harriet A. Watkins
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Geoffrey M. Williams
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug
Discovery Biology and Department of Pharmacology, Monash Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Sung H. Yang
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Paul W. R. Harris
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- School
of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| | - Debbie L. Hay
- School
of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
- Maurice
Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Grell AS, Haanes KA, Johansson SE, Edvinsson L, Sams A. Fremanezumab inhibits vasodilatory effects of CGRP and capsaicin in rat cerebral artery - Potential role in conditions of severe vasoconstriction. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 864:172726. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
9
|
Kumar A, Potts JD, DiPette DJ. Protective Role of α-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide in Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Physiol 2019; 10:821. [PMID: 31312143 PMCID: PMC6614340 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) is a regulatory neuropeptide of 37 amino acids. It is widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system, predominantly in cell bodies of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG). It is the most potent vasodilator known to date and has inotropic and chronotropic effects. Using pharmacological and genetic approaches, our laboratory and other research groups established the protective role of α-CGRP in various cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, experimental hypertension, myocardial infarction, and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R injury). α-CGRP acts as a depressor to attenuate the rise in blood pressure in three different models of experimental hypertension: (1) DOC-salt, (2) subtotal nephrectomy-salt, and (3) L-NAME-induced hypertension during pregnancy. Subcutaneous administration of α-CGRP lowers the blood pressure in hypertensive and normotensive humans and rodents. Recent studies also demonstrated that an α-CGRP analog, acylated α-CGRP, with extended half-life (~7 h) reduces blood pressure in Ang-II-induced hypertensive mouse, and protects against abdominal aortic constriction (AAC)-induced heart failure. Together, these studies suggest that α-CGRP, native or a modified form, may be a potential therapeutic agent to treat patients suffering from cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ambrish Kumar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jay D Potts
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Donald J DiPette
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Knockout of α-calcitonin gene-related peptide attenuates cholestatic liver injury by differentially regulating cellular senescence of hepatic stellate cells and cholangiocytes. J Transl Med 2019; 99:764-776. [PMID: 30700848 PMCID: PMC6570540 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Calcitonin gene-related peptide (α-CGRP) is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide involved in several pathophysiological processes. α-CGRP is involved in the regulation of cholangiocyte proliferation during cholestasis. In this study, we aimed to evaluate if α-CGRP regulates bile duct ligation (BDL)-induced liver fibrosis by using a α-CGRP knockout (α-CGRP-/-) mouse model. α-CGRP-/- and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to sham surgery or BDL for 7 days. Then, liver fibrosis and cellular senescence as well as the expression of kinase such as p38 and C-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) in mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway were evaluated in total liver, together with measurement of cellular senescence in cholangiocytes or hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). There was enhanced hepatic expression of Calca (coding α-CGRP) and the CGRP receptor components (CRLR, RAMP-1 and RCP) in BDL and in both WT α-CGRP-/- and BDL α-CGRP-/- mice, respectively. Moreover, there was increased CGRP serum levels and hepatic mRNA expression of CALCA and CGRP receptor components in late-stage PSC samples compared to healthy control samples. Depletion of α-CGRP reduced liver injury and fibrosis in BDL mice that was associated with enhanced cellular senescence of hepatic stellate cells and reduced senescence of cholangiocytes as well as decreased activation of p38 and JNK MAPK signaling pathway. Cholangiocyte supernatant from BDL α-CGRP-/- mice inhibited the activation and increased cellular senescence of cultured human HSCs (HHSCs) compared to HHSCs stimulated with BDL cholangiocyte supernatant. Taken together, endogenous α-CGRP promoted BDL-induced cholestatic liver fibrosis through differential changes in senescence of HSCs and cholangiocytes and activation of p38 and JNK signaling. Modulation of α-CGRP/CGRP receptor signaling may be key for the management of biliary senescence and liver fibrosis in cholangiopathies.
Collapse
|
11
|
Johansson SE, Abdolalizadeh B, Sheykhzade M, Edvinsson L, Sams A. Vascular pathology of large cerebral arteries in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage: Vasoconstriction, functional CGRP depletion and maintained CGRP sensitivity. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 846:109-118. [PMID: 30653947 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with increased cerebral artery sensitivity to vasoconstrictors and release of the perivascular sensory vasodilator CGRP. In the current study the constrictive phenotype and the vasodilatory effects of exogenous and endogenous perivascular CGRP were characterized in detail applying myograph technology to cerebral artery segments isolated from experimental SAH and sham-operated rats. Following experimental SAH, cerebral arteries exhibited increased vasoconstriction to endothelin-1, 5-hydroxytryptamine and U46419. In addition, depolarization-induced vasoconstriction (60 mM potassium) was significantly increased, supporting a general SAH-associated vasoconstrictive phenotype. Using exogenous CGRP, we demonstrated that sensitivity of the arteries to CGRP-induced vasodilation was unchanged after SAH. However, vasodilation in response to capsaicin (100 nM), a sensory nerve activator used to release perivascular CGRP, was significantly reduced by SAH (P = 0.0079). Because CGRP-mediated dilation is an important counterbalance to increased arterial contractility, a reduction in CGRP release after SAH would exacerbate the vasospasms that occur after SAH. A similar finding was obtained with artery culture (24 h), an in vitro model of SAH-induced vascular dysfunction. The arterial segments maintained sensitivity to exogenous CGRP but showed reduced capsaicin-induced vasodilation. To test whether a metabolically stable CGRP analogue could be used to supplement the loss of perivascular CGRP release in SAH, SAX was systemically administered in our in vivo SAH model. SAX treatment, however, induced CGRP-desensitization and did not prevent the development of vasoconstriction in cerebral arteries after SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ellinor Johansson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Bahareh Abdolalizadeh
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Majid Sheykhzade
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Lars Edvinsson
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark; Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Experimental Vascular Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anette Sams
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research, Glostrup Research Institute, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Nordstjernevej 42, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kee Z, Kodji X, Brain SD. The Role of Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in Neurogenic Vasodilation and Its Cardioprotective Effects. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1249. [PMID: 30283343 PMCID: PMC6156372 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a highly potent vasoactive peptide released from sensory nerves, which is now proposed to have protective effects in several cardiovascular diseases. The major α-form is produced from alternate splicing and processing of the calcitonin gene. The CGRP receptor is a complex composed of calcitonin like receptor (CLR) and a single transmembrane protein, RAMP1. CGRP is a potent vasodilator and proposed to have protective effects in several cardiovascular diseases. CGRP has a proven role in migraine and selective antagonists and antibodies are now reaching the clinic for treatment of migraine. These clinical trials with antagonists and antibodies indicate that CGRP does not play an obvious role in the physiological control of human blood pressure. This review discusses the vasodilator and hypotensive effects of CGRP and the role of CGRP in mediating cardioprotective effects in various cardiovascular models and disorders. In models of hypertension, CGRP protects against the onset and progression of hypertensive states by potentially counteracting against the pro-hypertensive systems such as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and the sympathetic system. With regards to its cardioprotective effects in conditions such as heart failure and ischaemia, CGRP-containing nerves innervate throughout cardiac tissue and the vasculature, where evidence shows this peptide alleviates various aspects of their pathophysiology, including cardiac hypertrophy, reperfusion injury, cardiac inflammation, and apoptosis. Hence, CGRP has been suggested as a cardioprotective, endogenous mediator released under stress to help preserve cardiovascular function. With the recent developments of various CGRP-targeted pharmacotherapies, in the form of CGRP antibodies/antagonists as well as a CGRP analog, this review provides a summary and a discussion of the most recent basic science and clinical findings, initiating a discussion on the future of CGRP as a novel target in various cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zizheng Kee
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xenia Kodji
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susan D Brain
- Section of Vascular Biology & Inflammation, BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Research, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|