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Wang P, Li S, Wen H, Lei Y, Huang S, Wang Z, Su J, Guan W, Lei J. Thiosuccinimide enabled S-N bond formation to access N-sulfenylated sulfonamide derivatives with synthetic diversity. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:990-997. [PMID: 38180390 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01848b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
A thiosuccinimide enabled S-N cross-coupling strategy has been established for the intermolecular N-sulfenylation of clinically approved sulfa drugs under additive-free conditions. This approach features simple operation, high chemoselectivity for sulfenylating the phenylamino group of sulfonamides, wide substrate scope, and easy scale production, affording N-sulfenylated products in moderate to excellent yields (up to 90%). In addition, we also found that this transformation can be realized in a one-pot manner by employing readily available thiols as starting materials, and the obtained sulfonamide derivatives are capable of various late-stage functionalizations, including oxidation, arylation, benzylation, and methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Shan Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Huiling Wen
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Yin Lei
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Zixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Jialong Su
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Wenxiang Guan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
| | - Jian Lei
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, PR China.
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Qadri T, Aziz M, Channar PA, Ejaz SA, Hussain M, Attaullah HM, Ujan R, Hussain Z, Zehra T, Saeed A, Shah MR, Ogaly HA, Al-Zahrani FAM. Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico investigations of benzotriazole derivatives as potential inhibitors of NIMA related kinase. RSC Adv 2023; 13:33826-33843. [PMID: 38020022 PMCID: PMC10655664 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, a novel compound, bis(3-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-2-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)-5-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenyl)methane (TAJ1), has been synthesized by the reaction of 6,6'-methylenebis(2-(2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazol-2-yl)-4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenol) (1), propargyl bromide (2) and potassium carbonate. Spectroscopic (FTIR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and single-crystal assays proved the structure of the synthesized sample. XRD analysis confirmed the structure of the synthesized compound, showing that it possesses two aromatic parts linked via a -CH2 carbon with a bond angle of 108.40°. The cell line activity reported a percent growth reduction for different cell types (HeLa cells, MCF-7 cells, and Vero cells) under various treatment conditions (TAJ1, cisplatin, and doxorubicin) after 24 hours and 48 hours. The percent growth reduction represents a decrease in cell growth compared to a control condition. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to examine the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and overall chemical reactivity descriptors of TAJ1. The molecule's chemical reactivity and stability were assessed by determining the HOMO-LUMO energy gap. TAJ1 displayed a HOMO energy level of -0.224 eV, a LUMO energy level of -0.065 eV, and a HOMO-LUMO gap of 0.159 eV. Additionally, molecular docking analysis was performed to assess the binding affinities of TAJ1 with various proteins. The compound TAJ1 showed potent interactions with NEK2, exhibiting -10.5 kcal mol-1 binding energy. Although TAJ1 has demonstrated interactions with NEK7, NEK9, TP53, NF-KAPPA-B, and caspase-3 proteins, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent, it is important to evaluate the conformational stability of the protein-ligand complex. Hence, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to assess this stability. To analyze the complex, root mean square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation analyses were performed. The results of these analyses indicate that the top hits obtained from the virtual screening possess the ability to act as effective NEK2 inhibitors. Therefore, further investigation of the inhibitory potential of these identified compounds using in vitro and in vivo approaches is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahir Qadri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Ali Channar
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Faculty of Information Science Humanities, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology Karachi 74800 Karachi Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan
| | - Mumtaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Muhammad Attaullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan
| | - Rabail Ujan
- Dr M. A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh Jamshoro Pakistan
| | - Zahid Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi Karachi 75270 Pakistan
| | - Tasneem Zehra
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, Faculty of Information Science Humanities, Dawood University of Engineering and Technology Karachi 74800 Karachi Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - M R Shah
- H.E.J.Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi Karachi 7527 Pakistan
| | - Hanan A Ogaly
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah A M Al-Zahrani
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University Abha 61421 Saudi Arabia
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3
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Gull N, Arshad F, Naikoo GA, Hassan IU, Pedram MZ, Ahmad A, Aljabali AAA, Mishra V, Satija S, Charbe N, Negi P, Goyal R, Serrano-Aroca Á, Al Zoubi MS, El-Tanani M, Tambuwala MM. Recent Advances in Anticancer Activity of Novel Plant Extracts and Compounds from Curcuma longa in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Gastrointest Cancer 2023; 54:368-390. [PMID: 35285010 PMCID: PMC8918363 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-022-00809-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among all forms of cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer worldwide. There are several treatment options for HCC ranging from loco-regional therapy to surgical treatment. Yet, there is high morbidity and mortality. Recent research focus has shifted towards more effective and less toxic cancer treatment options. Curcumin, the active ingredient in the Curcuma longa plant, has gained widespread attention in recent years because of its multifunctional properties as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anticancer agent. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar was performed for studies reporting incidence of HCC, risk factors associated with cirrhosis and experimental use of curcumin as an anti-cancer agent. RESULTS This review exclusively encompasses the anti-cancer properties of curcumin in HCC globally and it's postulated molecular targets of curcumin when used against liver cancers. CONCLUSIONS This review is concluded by presenting the current challenges and future perspectives of novel plant extracts derived from C. longa and the treatment options against cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nighat Gull
- School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, 32, Hyderabad, TS, India
| | - Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Biochemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., India
| | - Gowhar A Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Israr Ul Hassan
- College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mona Zamani Pedram
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering-Energy Division, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, P.O. Box: 19395-1999, No. 15-19, Pardis St., Mollasadra Ave., Vanak Sq., Tehran, 1999 143344, Iran
| | - Arif Ahmad
- School of Sciences, Maulana Azad National Urdu University, 32, Hyderabad, TS, India
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India
| | - Nitin Charbe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Rohit Goyal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology & Management Sciences, Solan, 173229, India
| | - Ángel Serrano-Aroca
- Biomaterials & Bioengineering Lab, Centro de Investigación Traslacional San Alberto Magno, Universidad Católica de Valencia, San Vicente Mártir, 46001, Valencia, Spain
| | - Mazhar S Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Northern Ireland, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, County Londonderry, UK.
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Alharthy RD, Rashid F, Ashraf A, Shafiq Z, Ford S, Al-Rashida M, Yaqub M, Iqbal J. Pyrazole derivatives of pyridine and naphthyridine as proapoptotic agents in cervical and breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5370. [PMID: 37005457 PMCID: PMC10067956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32489-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The increasing prevalence and resistance to chemotherapy is responsible for driving the search of novel molecules to combat this disease. In search of novel compounds with pro-apoptotic potential, pyrazolo-pyridine and pyrazolo-naphthyridine derivatives were investigated against cervical cancer (HeLa) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. The anti-proliferative activity was determined through the MTT assay. Potent compounds were then analyzed for their cytotoxic and apoptotic activity through a lactate dehydrogenase assay and fluorescence microscopy after propidium iodide and DAPI staining. Flow cytometry was used to determine cell cycle arrest in treated cells and pro-apoptotic effect was verified through measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspases. Compounds 5j and 5k were found to be most active against HeLa and MCF-7 cells, respectively. G0/G1 cell cycle arrest was observed in treated cancer cells. Morphological features of apoptosis were also confirmed, and an increased oxidative stress indicated the involvement of reactive oxygen species in apoptosis. The compound-DNA interaction studies demonstrated an intercalative mode of binding and the comet assay confirmed the DNA damaging effects. Finally, potent compounds demonstrated a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and increased levels of activated caspase-9 and -3/7 confirmed the induction of apoptosis in treated HeLa and MCF-7 cells. The present work concludes that the active compounds 5j and 5k may be used as lead candidates for the development of lead drug molecules against cervical and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima D Alharthy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, 21911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Abida Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Kutchery Campus, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Shafiq
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Steven Ford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mariya Al-Rashida
- Department of Chemistry, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaqub
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
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Bilal MS, Ejaz SA, Zargar S, Akhtar N, Wani TA, Riaz N, Aborode AT, Siddique F, Altwaijry N, Alkahtani HM, Umar HI. Computational Investigation of 1, 3, 4 Oxadiazole Derivatives as Lead Inhibitors of VEGFR 2 in Comparison with EGFR: Density Functional Theory, Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1612. [PMID: 36358960 PMCID: PMC9687636 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an angiogenic factor involved in tumor growth and metastasis. Gremlin has been proposed as a novel therapeutic pathway for the treatment of renal inflammatory diseases, acting via VEGFR 2 receptor. To date, most FDA-approved tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors have been reported as dual inhibitors of EGFR and VEGFR 2. The aim of the present study was to find the potent and selective inhibitor of VEGFR 2 specifically for the treatment of renal cancer. Fourteen previously identified anti-inflammatory compounds i.e., 1, 3, 4 oxadiazoles derivatives by our own group were selected for their anti-cancer potential, targeting the tyrosine kinase (TK) domain of VEGFR2 and EGFR. A detailed virtual screening-based study was designed viz density functional theory (DFT) study to find the compounds' stability and reactivity, molecular docking for estimating binding affinity, SeeSAR analysis and molecular dynamic simulations to confirm protein ligand complex stability and ADMET properties to find the pharmacokinetic profile of all compounds. The DFT results suggested that among all the derivatives, the 7g, 7j, and 7l were chemically reactive and stable derivatives. The optimized structures obtained from the DFTs were further selected for molecular docking, and the results suggested that 7g, 7j and 7l derivatives as the best inhibitors of VEGFR 2 with binding energy values -46.32, -48.89 and -45.01 kJ/mol. The Estimated inhibition constant (IC50) of hit compound 7j (0.009 µM) and simulation studies of its complexes confirms its high potency and best inhibitor of VEGFR2. All the derivatives were also docked with EGFR, where they showed weak binding energies and poor interactions, important compound 7g, 7j and 7i exhibited binding energy of -31.01, -33.23 and -34.19 kJ/mol respectively. Furthermore, the anticancer potential of the derivatives was confirmed by cell viability (MTT) assay using breast cancer and cervical cancer cell lines. At the end, the results of ADMET studies confirmed these derivatives as drug like candidates. Conclusively, the current study suggested substituted oxadiazoles as the potential anticancer compounds which exhibited more selectivity towards VEGFR2 in comparison to EGFR. Therefore, the identified lead molecules can be used for the synthesis of more potent derivatives of VEGFR2, along with extensive in vitro and in vivo experiments, that can be used to treat various cancers, especially renal cancers, and to prevent angiogenesis due to aberrant expression of VEGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajjad Bilal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naheed Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | | | - Farhan Siddique
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrkoping, Sweden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahahuddian Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Nojood Altwaijry
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 22452, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamad M. Alkahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haruna Isiyaku Umar
- Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMD 704, Akure 340106, Ondo State, Nigeria
- Computer-Aided Therapeutic Discovery and Design (CATDD) Platform, Federal University of Technology, PMD 704, Akure 340106, Ondo State, Nigeria
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Saeed A, Ejaz SA, Sarfraz M, Tamam N, Siddique F, Riaz N, Qais FA, Chtita S, Iqbal J. Discovery of Phenylcarbamoylazinane-1,2,4-Triazole Amides Derivatives as the Potential Inhibitors of Aldo-Keto Reductases (AKR1B1 & AKRB10): Potential Lead Molecules for Treatment of Colon Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133981. [PMID: 35807227 PMCID: PMC9268700 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both members of the aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) family, AKR1B1 and AKR1B10, are over-expressed in various type of cancer, making them potential targets for inflammation-mediated cancers such as colon, lung, breast, and prostate cancers. This is the first comprehensive study which focused on the identification of phenylcarbamoylazinane-1, 2,4-triazole amides (7a−o) as the inhibitors of aldo-keto reductases (AKR1B1, AKR1B10) via detailed computational analysis. Firstly, the stability and reactivity of compounds were determined by using the Guassian09 programme in which the density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed by using the B3LYP/SVP level. Among all the derivatives, the 7d, 7e, 7f, 7h, 7j, 7k, and 7m were found chemically reactive. Then the binding interactions of the optimized compounds within the active pocket of the selected targets were carried out by using molecular docking software: AutoDock tools and Molecular operation environment (MOE) software, and during analysis, the Autodock (academic software) results were found to be reproducible, suggesting this software is best over the MOE (commercial software). The results were found in correlation with the DFT results, suggesting 7d as the best inhibitor of AKR1B1 with the energy value of −49.40 kJ/mol and 7f as the best inhibitor of AKR1B10 with the energy value of −52.84 kJ/mol. The other potent compounds also showed comparable binding energies. The best inhibitors of both targets were validated by the molecular dynamics simulation studies where the root mean square value of <2 along with the other physicochemical properties, hydrogen bond interactions, and binding energies were observed. Furthermore, the anticancer potential of the potent compounds was confirmed by cell viability (MTT) assay. The studied compounds fall into the category of drug-like properties and also supported by physicochemical and pharmacological ADMET properties. It can be suggested that the further synthesis of derivatives of 7d and 7f may lead to the potential drug-like molecules for the treatment of colon cancer associated with the aberrant expression of either AKR1B1 or AKR1B10 and other associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna Saeed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (S.A.E.); (J.I.)
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain Campus, Al Ain University, Al Ain P.O. Box 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Nissren Tamam
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Farhan Siddique
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden;
- Department of Pharmacy, Royal Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, UP, India;
| | - Samir Chtita
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences Ben M’Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Sidi Othmane, Casablanca BP7955, Morocco;
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, Abbottabad Campus, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbotabad 22060, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (S.A.E.); (J.I.)
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Rashid F, Zaib S, Ibrar A, Ejaz SA, Saeed A, Iqbal J, Khan I. New Hybrid Scaffolds Based on Carbazole-Chalcones as Potent Anticancer Agents. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1082-1091. [PMID: 32698741 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200721110732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Despite various technological advances for the treatment of cancer, the identification of new chemical entities with potent anticancer effects remain an indispensable requirement of the time due to multi-drug resistance exhibited by previously developed anticancer drugs. Particularly, the hybrid drugs incorporating two individual bioactive pharmacophores present medicinally important structural leads, thus improving the pharmacodynamic profile of the drug molecules. The antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity of the carbazole-chalcone hybrids on human breast and cervical cancer cells will be examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS To overcome such complications, in the current study, we evaluated the cytotoxic effects of carbazole-chalcone hybrids on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells and normal cells, i.e., Baby Hamster Kidney cells (BHK-21) using MTT (dimethyl-2-thiazolyl-2,5- diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) assay. The mechanistic studies were performed on potent compound 4g by fluorescent microscopic studies, release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and -3 and flow cytometric analysis. RESULTS As revealed by MTT assay, compound 4g was identified as the most potent derivative among the tested series with IC50 values of 5.64 and 29.15μM against HeLa and MCF-7 cells, respectively. The results were compared with cisplatin. Fluorescent microscopic studies using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and Propidium Iodide (PI) staining confirmed the occurrence of apoptosis in HeLa cells treated with the most active compound 4g. Moreover, compound 4g also triggered the release of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) in treated HeLa and MCF-7 cells while a fluorescence assay displayed a remarkable increase in the activity of caspase-9 and -3. Moreover, flow cytometric results revealed that compound 4g caused G0/G1 arrest in the treated HeLa cells. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the compound 4g possesses chemotherapeutic properties against breast cancer and cervical adenocarcinoma cells, thus warranting further research to test the anticancer potential of this compound at preclinical and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Haripur, Haripur, KPK-22620, Pakistan
| | - Syeda A Ejaz
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad-45320, Pakistan
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom
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Uddin N, Rashid F, Haider A, Tirmizi SA, Raheel A, Imran M, Zaib S, Diaconescu PL, Iqbal J, Ali S. Triorganotin (IV) carboxylates as potential anticancer agents: Their synthesis, physiochemical characterization, and cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF‐7 cancer cells. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noor Uddin
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Syed Ahmed Tirmizi
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Raheel
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences University of Central Punjab Lahore 54590 Pakistan
| | - Paula L. Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Los Angeles 607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles California 90095 USA
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad 22060 Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry Quaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad 45320 Pakistan
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Rashid F, Uddin N, Ali S, Haider A, Tirmizi SA, Diaconescu PL, Iqbal J. New triorganotin(iv) compounds with aromatic carboxylate ligands: synthesis and evaluation of the pro-apoptotic mechanism. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4499-4514. [PMID: 35424423 PMCID: PMC8694426 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra06695h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Three new organotin(iv) carboxylate compounds were synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR and multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C, 119Sn) spectroscopy. Single X-ray crystallography reveals that compound C2 has a monoclinic crystal system with space group P21/c having distorted bipyramidal geometry defined by C3SnO2. The synthesized compounds were screened for drug-DNA interactions via UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry showing good activity with high binding constants. Theoretical investigations also support the reactivity of the compounds as depicted from natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis using Gaussian 09. Synthesized compounds were initially evaluated on two cancer (HeLa and MCF-7) cell lines and cytotoxicity to normal cells was evaluated using a non-cancerous (BHK-21) cell line. All the compounds were found to be active, with IC50 values less than that of the standard drug i.e. cisplatin. The cytotoxic effect of the most potent compound C2 was confirmed by LDH cytotoxicity assay and fluorescence imaging after PI staining. Apoptotic features in compound C2 treated cancer cells were visualized after DAPI staining while regulation of apoptosis was observed by reactive oxygen species generation, binding of C2 with DNA, a change in mitochondrial membrane potential and expression of activated caspase-9 and caspase-3 in cancer cells. Results are indicative of activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in C2 treated cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
| | - Noor Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Syed Ahmad Tirmizi
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320-Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California Los Angeles607 Charles E. Young Drive East Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
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Uddin N, Rashid F, Ali S, Tirmizi SA, Ahmad I, Zaib S, Zubair M, Diaconescu PL, Tahir MN, Iqbal J, Haider A. Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer activity of Schiff bases. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:3246-3259. [PMID: 31411114 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1654924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Five Schiff bases, 2-((3-chlorophenylimino)methyl)-5-(diethylamino)phenol (L1), 2-((2,4-dichlorophenylimino)methyl)-5-(diethylamino)phenol (L2), 5-(diethylamino)-2-((3,5-dimethylphenylimino)methyl)phenol (L3), 2-((2-chloro-4-methylphenylimino)methyl)-5-(diethylamino)phenol (L4), and 5-(diethylamino)-2-((2,6-diethylphenylimino)methyl)phenol (L5) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Three of the compounds (L1, L2, and L4) were analyzed by single crystal X-ray diffraction: L1 and L2 crystallized in orthorhombic P212121 and Pca21 space group, respectively, while L4 crystallized in monoclinic P21/c space group. Theoretical investigations were performed for all the synthesized compounds to evaluate the structural details. Drug-DNA interaction studies results from UV-Vis spectroscopy and electrochemistry complement that the compounds bind to DNA through electrostatic interactions. The cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds was studied against cancer cell lines (HeLa and MCF-7) and a normal cell line (BHK-21) by means of an MTT assay compared to carboplatin, featuring IC50 values in the micromolar range. The pro-apoptotic mechanism for the active compound L5 was evaluated by fluorescence microscopy, cell cycle analysis, caspase-9 and -3 activity, reactive oxygen species production, and DNA binding studies that further strengthen the results of that L5 is a potent drug against cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Rashid
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Saqib Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumera Zaib
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Paula L Diaconescu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Haider
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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11
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Iqbal J, Ejaz SA, Khan I, Ausekle E, Miliutina M, Langer P. Exploration of quinolone and quinoline derivatives as potential anticancer agents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 27:613-626. [PMID: 31410781 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-019-00290-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the different types of cancers, breast cancer, bone cancer and cervical cancer are the most common gender specific cancer types that are affecting the women worldwide. Currently, many enzymatic and cellular pathways are known as drug targets for the treatment of cancer. Even though many improvements have been made in the therapy of various types of cancer, but the major disadvantage of available anti-cancer drugs is their non-selective behavior towards cancer cells as well as normal cells. OBJECTIVES In the light of this fact, the searching of new compounds with selective behavior only towards cancer cells is critically important. Previously, we have identified several series of compounds as the potential inhibitors of these families. METHODS Herein, we investigate quinolones and quinolines for their anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cells (MCF-7), bone marrow cancer cells (K-562) and cervical cancer cells (HeLa) by MTT assay. The most effective derivatives were further subjected to flow cytometry analysis followed by fluorescence microscopic analysis by using 4´,6-diamidine-2´-phenylindole (DAPI) and propidium staining (PI) staining. RESULTS All the tested compounds were found selective only towards cancer cells. The identified compounds also induced either G2 or S-phase cell cycle arrest within the respective cancer cell line, chromatin condensation and the nuclear fragmentation, as well as maximum interaction with DNA. CONCLUSIONS These results provide evidence that the characteristic chemical features of attached groups are the key factors for their anticancer effects and play a useful role in revealing the mechanisms of action in relation to the known compounds in future research programs. Graphical abstract Flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle using propidium iodide staining. Cell apoptosis observed under fluorescence microscope using DAPI and PI staining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Centre for Advanced Drug Research, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, -45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Elina Ausekle
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert Einstein Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mariia Miliutina
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert Einstein Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert Einstein Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany.,Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert Einstein Str. 3a, 18059, Rostock, Germany
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Iqbal J, Ejaz SA, Ibrar A, Umar MI, Lecka J, Sévigny J, Saeed A. Expanding the Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibition, Cytotoxic and Proapoptotic Profile of Biscoumarin‐Iminothiazole and Coumarin‐Triazolothiadiazine Conjugates. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshed Iqbal
- Centre for Advanced Drug ResearchCOMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
| | - Syeda Abida Ejaz
- Centre for Advanced Drug ResearchCOMSATS University IslamabadAbbottabad Campus Abbottabad-22060 Pakistan
| | - Aliya Ibrar
- Department of ChemistryQuaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ihtisham Umar
- Department of PharmacyCOMSATS University IslamabadLahore Campus Defence Road Lahore-54000 Pakistan
| | - Joanna Lecka
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologieFaculté de MédecineUniversité Laval, Québec, QC G1 V 0 A6 Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec – Université LavalQuébec, QC G1 V 4G2 Canada
| | - Jean Sévigny
- Département de microbiologie-infectiologie et d'immunologieFaculté de MédecineUniversité Laval, Québec, QC G1 V 0 A6 Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec – Université LavalQuébec, QC G1 V 4G2 Canada
| | - Aamer Saeed
- Department of ChemistryQuaid-i-Azam University Islamabad-45320 Pakistan
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