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Nolze A, Matern S, Grossmann C. Calcineurin Is a Universal Regulator of Vessel Function-Focus on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2269. [PMID: 37759492 PMCID: PMC10528183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a serine/threonine phosphatase regulating transcription factors like NFaT and CREB, is well known for its immune modulatory effects and role in cardiac hypertrophy. Results from experiments with calcineurin knockout animals and calcineurin inhibitors indicate that calcineurin also plays a crucial role in vascular function, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In the aorta, calcineurin stimulates the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in response to vascular injury or angiotensin II administration, leading to pathological vessel wall thickening. In the heart, calcineurin mediates coronary artery formation and VSMC differentiation, which are crucial for proper heart development. In pulmonary VSMCs, calcineurin/NFaT signaling regulates the release of Ca2+, resulting in increased vascular tone followed by pulmonary arterial hypertension. In renal VSMCs, calcineurin regulates extracellular matrix secretion promoting fibrosis development. In the mesenteric and cerebral arteries, calcineurin mediates a phenotypic switch of VSMCs leading to altered cell function. Gaining deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of calcineurin signaling will help researchers to understand developmental and pathogenetical aspects of the vasculature. In this review, we provide an overview of the physiological function and pathophysiology of calcineurin in the vascular system with a focus on vascular smooth muscle cells in different organs. Overall, there are indications that under certain pathological settings reduced calcineurin activity seems to be beneficial for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Grossmann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Gyenes A, Tapasztó Z, Quirce S, Luna C, Frutos-Rincón L, Gallar J, Acosta MC, Kovács I. Cyclosporine A Decreases Dryness-Induced Hyperexcitability of Corneal Cold-Sensitive Nerve Terminals. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13025. [PMID: 37629206 PMCID: PMC10455570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is used for the treatment of dry eye (DE) with good clinical results, improving tear secretion and decreasing subjective symptoms. These effects are attributed to the improved tear film dynamics, but there are no data on the effect of CsA on the abnormal sensory nerve activity characteristic in DE. Our purpose was to evaluate the CsA effect on the enhanced activity of corneal cold thermoreceptors in a tear-deficient DE animal model using in vitro extracellular recording of cold thermoreceptors nerve terminal impulses (NTIs) before and in the presence of CsA. NTI shape was also analyzed. Blinking frequency and tearing rate were also measured in awake animals before and after topical CsA. CsA increased the tearing and blinking of treated animals. CsA significantly decreased the peak response to cold of cold thermoreceptors. Neither their spontaneous NTIs discharge rate nor their cooling threshold were modified. CsA also seemed to reverse some of the changes in NTI shape induced by tear deficiency. These data suggest that, at least in part, the beneficial clinical effects of CsA in DE can be attributed to a direct effect on sensory nerve endings, although the precise mechanisms underlying this effect need further studies to be fully clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gyenes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Tapasztó
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Susana Quirce
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández—CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain (C.L.); (L.F.-R.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Carolina Luna
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández—CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain (C.L.); (L.F.-R.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Laura Frutos-Rincón
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández—CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain (C.L.); (L.F.-R.); (M.C.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante-ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - Juana Gallar
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández—CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain (C.L.); (L.F.-R.); (M.C.A.)
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante-ISABIAL, 03010 Alicante, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Acosta
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Universidad Miguel Hernández—CSIC, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain (C.L.); (L.F.-R.); (M.C.A.)
| | - Illés Kovács
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Ophthalmology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA
- Department of Clinical Ophthalmology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
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Jung HS, Seo MS, An JR, Kang M, Heo R, Li H, Jung WK, Choi IW, Cho EH, Park H, Bae YM, Park WS. The vasodilatory effect of gemigliptin via activation of voltage-dependent K + channels and SERCA pumps in aortic smooth muscle. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173243. [PMID: 32535099 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the vasodilatory effects and acting mechanism of gemigliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor. Tests were conducted in aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine. Gemigliptin induced dose-dependent vasodilation of the aortic smooth muscle. Several pre-treatment groups were used to investigate the mechanism of action. While pre-treatment with paxilline, a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel inhibitor, glibenclamide, an ATP-sensitive K+ channel inhibitor, and Ba2+, an inwardly rectifying K+ channel inhibitor, had no impact on the vasodilatory effect of gemigliptin, pre-treatment with 4-aminopyridine, a voltage-dependent K+ (Kv) channel inhibitor, effectively attenuated the vasodilatory action of gemigliptin. In addition, pre-treatment with sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) pump inhibitors thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid significantly reduced the vasodilatory effect of gemigliptin. cAMP/PKA-related or cGMP/PKG-related signaling pathway inhibitors, including adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ 22536, PKA inhibitor KT 5720, guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ, and PKG inhibitor KT 5823 did not alter the vasodilatory effect of gemigliptin. Similarly, elimination of the endothelium and pre-treatment with a nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) or small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (apamin and TRAM-34, respectively) did not change the gemigliptin effect. These findings suggested that gemigliptin induces vasodilation through the activation of Kv channels and SERCA pumps independent of cAMP/PKA-related or cGMP/PKG-related signaling pathways and the endothelium. Therefore, caution is required when prescribing gemigliptin to the patients with hypotension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Seok Jung
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Mi Seon Seo
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Jin Ryeol An
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Minji Kang
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Ryeon Heo
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Hongliang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment for Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, And Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, South Korea
| | - Il-Whan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, 48516, South Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Hongzoo Park
- Department of Urology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Young Min Bae
- Department of Physiology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Chungju, 27478, South Korea
| | - Won Sun Park
- Department of Physiology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
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Li C, Guo F, Wang X, Liu D, Wu B, Wang F, Chen W. Exosome-based targeted RNA delivery for immune tolerance induction in skin transplantation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:1493-1500. [PMID: 32170897 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes have been widely applied to the delivery of RNA and small molecules currently. However, the low targeting and specificity greatly limited the effect of exosome delivery. Here we designed an exosome that can perform the targeted delivery of two different types of RNA. Based on the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived exosomes, the RNA delivery system of targeted dendritic cells (DC-Exosome) was constructed, using the layer by layer self-assembly. DC-Exosomes can specifically bind to DCs, while guiding the endocytosis of chimeras and exosome. Then aptamer/siRNA chimera was cut into mTOR siRNA by Dicer, and microRNA was released from exosome under lysosomal digestion. SIGN aptamer performed the rapid induction of immune tolerance, and later mTOR siRNA was formed to inhibit mTOR pathway and suppress immune responses. Exosomes could maintain long time-stability after PEG-PEI polyplexes modification and promote HLA-G expression in DCs continuously. Animal experiments showed that DC-Exosomes could induce immune tolerance at 3, 7, and 14 days after skin transplantation. Compared with the microRNA-Exosome group, the number of CD11c+ DCs in DC-Exosome group decreased, while the proportion of HLA-G+ DCs increased remarkably. In conclusion, we constructed a new exosome-based targeted delivery system which could effectively induce the immune tolerance in transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmin Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjie Guo
- Department of Pathology, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Department of Pathology, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Department of Pathology, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bolun Wu
- Department of Pathology, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fenghua Wang
- Department of Pathology, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Pathology, The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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