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Espinosa-Juárez JV, Chiquete E, Estañol B, Aceves JDJ. Optogenetic and Chemogenic Control of Pain Signaling: Molecular Markers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10220. [PMID: 37373365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a complex experience that involves physical, emotional, and cognitive aspects. This review focuses specifically on the physiological processes underlying pain perception, with a particular emphasis on the various types of sensory neurons involved in transmitting pain signals to the central nervous system. Recent advances in techniques like optogenetics and chemogenetics have allowed researchers to selectively activate or inactivate specific neuronal circuits, offering a promising avenue for developing more effective pain management strategies. The article delves into the molecular targets of different types of sensory fibers such as channels, for example, TRPV1 in C-peptidergic fiber, TRPA1 in C-non-peptidergic receptors expressed differentially as MOR and DOR, and transcription factors, and their colocalization with the vesicular transporter of glutamate, which enable researchers to identify specific subtypes of neurons within the pain pathway and allows for selective transfection and expression of opsins to modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josue Vidal Espinosa-Juárez
- Escuela de Ciencias Químicas Sede Ocozocoautla, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Ocozocoautla de Espinosa 29140, Mexico
| | - Erwin Chiquete
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Bruno Estañol
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - José de Jesús Aceves
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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Piña-Leyva C, Lara-Lozano M, Rodríguez-Sánchez M, Vidal-Cantú GC, Barrientos Zavalza E, Jiménez-Estrada I, Delgado-Lezama R, Rodríguez-Sosa L, Granados-Soto V, González-Barrios JA, Florán-Garduño B. Hypothalamic A11 Nuclei Regulate the Circadian Rhythm of Spinal Mechanonociception through Dopamine Receptors and Clock Gene Expression. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12091411. [PMID: 36143447 PMCID: PMC9506518 DOI: 10.3390/life12091411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of sensory perception have circadian rhythms. The spinal cord can be considered a center for controlling circadian rhythms by changing clock gene expression. However, to date, it is not known if mechanonociception itself has a circadian rhythm. The hypothalamic A11 area represents the primary source of dopamine (DA) in the spinal cord and has been found to be involved in clock gene expression and circadian rhythmicity. Here, we investigate if the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) has a circadian rhythm, as well as the role of the dopaminergic A11 nucleus, DA, and DA receptors (DR) in the PWT circadian rhythm and if they modify clock gene expression in the lumbar spinal cord. Naïve rats showed a circadian rhythm of the PWT of almost 24 h, beginning during the night–day interphase and peaking at 14.63 h. Similarly, DA and DOPAC’s spinal contents increased at dusk and reached their maximum contents at noon. The injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the A11 nucleus completely abolished the circadian rhythm of the PWT, reduced DA tissue content in the lumbar spinal cord, and induced tactile allodynia. Likewise, the repeated intrathecal administration of D1-like and D2-like DA receptor antagonists blunted the circadian rhythm of PWT. 6-OHDA reduced the expression of Clock and Per1 and increased Per2 gene expression during the day. In contrast, 6-OHDA diminished Clock, Bmal, Per1, Per2, Per3, Cry1, and Cry2 at night. The repeated intrathecal administration of the D1-like antagonist (SCH-23390) reduced clock genes throughout the day (Clock and Per2) and throughout the night (Clock, Per2 and Cry1), whereas it increased Bmal and Per1 throughout the day. In contrast, the intrathecal injection of the D2 receptor antagonists (L-741,626) increased the clock genes Bmal, Per2, and Per3 and decreased Per1 throughout the day. This study provides evidence that the circadian rhythm of the PWT results from the descending dopaminergic modulation of spinal clock genes induced by the differential activation of spinal DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Piña-Leyva
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
| | - Manuel Lara-Lozano
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Regional Hospital “October 1st”, ISSSTE, Av. No. 1669 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
| | - Marina Rodríguez-Sánchez
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe C. Vidal-Cantú
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, México City 14330, Mexico
| | - Ericka Barrientos Zavalza
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, Mexico City 09340, Mexico
| | - Ismael Jiménez-Estrada
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
| | - Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
| | - Leonardo Rodríguez-Sosa
- Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico, University City, Mexico City 04510, Mexico
| | - Vinicio Granados-Soto
- Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, México City 14330, Mexico
| | - Juan Antonio González-Barrios
- Genomic Medicine Laboratory, Regional Hospital “October 1st”, ISSSTE, Av. No. 1669 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.A.G.-B.); (B.F.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-81077971 (J.A.G.-B.); +52-55-13848283 (B.F.-G.)
| | - Benjamín Florán-Garduño
- · Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, CINVESTAV, Av. No. 2508 National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City 06760, Mexico
- Correspondence: (J.A.G.-B.); (B.F.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-81077971 (J.A.G.-B.); +52-55-13848283 (B.F.-G.)
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The Distinct Functions of Dopaminergic Receptors on Pain Modulation: A Narrative Review. Neural Plast 2021; 2021:6682275. [PMID: 33688340 PMCID: PMC7920737 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6682275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is considered an economic burden on society as it often results in disability, job loss, and early retirement. Opioids are the most common analgesics prescribed for the management of moderate to severe pain. However, chronic exposure to these drugs can result in opioid tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia. On pain modulation strategies, exploiting the multitarget drugs with the ability of the superadditive or synergistic interactions attracts more attention. In the present report, we have reviewed the analgesic effects of different dopamine receptors, particularly D1 and D2 receptors, in different regions of the central nervous system, including the spinal cord, striatum, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and periaqueductal gray (PAG). According to the evidence, these regions are not only involved in pain modulation but also express a high density of DA receptors. The findings can be categorized as follows: (1) D2-like receptors may exert a higher analgesic potency, but D1-like receptors act in different manners across several mechanisms in the mentioned regions; (2) in the spinal cord and striatum, antinociception of DA is mainly mediated by D2-like receptors, while in the NAc and PAG, both D1- and D2-like receptors are involved as analgesic targets; and (3) D2-like receptor agonists can act as adjuvants of μ-opioid receptor agonists to potentiate analgesic effects and provide a better approach to pain relief.
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Segura-Chama P, Luis E, Almanza A, Pellicer F, Hernández-Cruz A, Mercado F. Modulation of intracellular calcium concentration by D2-like DA receptor agonists in non-peptidergic DRG neurons is mediated mainly by D4 receptor activation. Neurosci Lett 2020; 736:135267. [PMID: 32717335 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptive stimuli attributes are codified in the periphery; at this level, D2-like dopamine (DA) receptor activation decreases the high voltage-gated Ca2+ current predominantly in mechanonociceptive neurons, which explains the presynaptic action mechanism of the antinociception produced by quinpirole when it is intrathecally administered in rats. However, the identity of D2-like DA receptor subtype that mediates this effect remains unknown. To answer this question, we used Fluo-4-based Ca2+ microfluorometry to study the depolarization-elicited [Ca2+]i increase in small non-peptidergic DRG neurons (identified by its binding to the Isolectin B4), and to test the effect of D2-like DA receptor activation by quinpirole in presence of selective antagonists for D2, D3, and D4 DA receptors. The results showed a significantly greater contribution of the D4 DA receptor in the down-modulation of depolarization-elicited [Ca2+]i increase in small non-peptidergic DRG neurons compared to the other receptors. Although the D2 and D3 receptor antagonists also slightly inhibited the effect of quinpirole, their effects were significantly weaker than those of the D4 receptor antagonist. Furthermore, we showed that quinpirole selectively inhibits the CaV2.2 Ca2+ channels. Our results suggest that the activation of the D4 DA receptors is a promising strategy for pain management at the spinal cord level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Segura-Chama
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Cátedras CONACyT - Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Enoch Luis
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Cátedras CONACyT - Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Angélica Almanza
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Pellicer
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Integrativa, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Arturo Hernández-Cruz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Departamento de Neurociencia Cognitiva, División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Francisco Mercado
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Dirección de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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Dopaminergic Modulation of Orofacial Mechanical Hypersensitivity Induced by Infraorbital Nerve Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21061945. [PMID: 32178439 PMCID: PMC7139594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
While the descending dopaminergic control system is not fully understood, it is reported that the hypothalamic A11 nucleus is its principle source. To better understand the impact of this system, particularly the A11 nucleus, on neuropathic pain, we created a chronic constriction injury model of the infraorbital nerve (ION-CCI) in rats. ION-CCI rats received intraperitoneal administrations of quinpirole (a dopamine D2 receptor agonist). ION-CCI rats received microinjections of quinpirole, muscimol [a gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor agonist], or neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the A11 nucleus. A von Frey filament was used as a mechanical stimulus on the maxillary whisker pad skin; behavioral and immunohistochemical responses to the stimulation were assessed. After intraperitoneal administration of quinpirole and microinjection of quinpirole or muscimol, ION-CCI rats showed an increase in head-withdrawal thresholds and a decrease in the number of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) immunoreactive (pERK-IR) cells in the superficial layers of the trigeminal spinal subnucleus caudalis (Vc). Following 6-OHDA microinjection, ION-CCI rats showed a decrease in head-withdrawal thresholds and an increase in the number of pERK-IR cells in the Vc. Our findings suggest the descending dopaminergic control system is involved in the modulation of trigeminal neuropathic pain.
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Sun W, Yang Y, Zhou F, Huang L, You C. Characteristics of sympathetic skin response in patients with Parkinson's disease accompanied by lower limb edema. Neurophysiol Clin 2020; 50:41-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2019.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Almanza A, Segura-Chama P, León-Olea M, Luis E, Garduño-Gutiérrez R, Mercado-Reyes J, Simón-Arceo K, Coffeen U, Hernández-Cruz A, Pellicer F, Mercado F. Cellular Mechanism for Specific Mechanical Antinociception by D2-like Receptor at the Spinal Cord Level. Neuroscience 2019; 417:81-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Heterodimerization of Mu Opioid Receptor Protomer with Dopamine D 2 Receptor Modulates Agonist-Induced Internalization of Mu Opioid Receptor. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9080368. [PMID: 31416253 PMCID: PMC6722706 DOI: 10.3390/biom9080368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between the dopamine (DA) and opioid systems in the brain is known to modulate the additive effects of substances of abuse. On one hand, opioids serve mankind by their analgesic properties, which are mediated via the mu opioid receptor (MOR), a Class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), but on the other hand, they pose a potential threat by causing undesired side effects such as tolerance and dependence, for which the exact molecular mechanism is still unknown. Using human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK 293T) and HeLa cells transfected with MOR and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), we demonstrate that these receptors heterodimerize, using an array of biochemical and biophysical techniques such as coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET1), Fӧrster resonance energy transfer (FRET), and functional complementation of a split luciferase. Furthermore, live cell imaging revealed that D2LR, when coexpressed with MOR, slowed down internalization of MOR, following activation with the MOR agonist [D-Ala2, N-MePhe4, Gly-ol]-enkephalin (DAMGO).
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