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AlSaeed H, Haider MJA, Alzaid F, Al-Mulla F, Ahmad R, Al-Rashed F. PPARdelta: A key modulator in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-morbidity. iScience 2024; 27:110046. [PMID: 38989454 PMCID: PMC11233913 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between lipid metabolism and immune response in macrophages plays a pivotal role in various infectious diseases, notably tuberculosis (TB). Herein, we illuminate the modulatory effect of heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HKMT) on macrophage lipid metabolism and its implications on the inflammatory cascade. Our findings demonstrate that HKMT potently activates the lipid scavenger receptor, CD36, instigating lipid accumulation. While CD36 inhibition mitigated lipid increase, it unexpectedly exacerbated the inflammatory response. Intriguingly, this paradoxical effect was linked to an upregulation of PPARδ. Functional analyses employing PPARδ modulation revealed its central role in regulating both lipid dynamics and inflammation, suggesting it as a potential therapeutic target. Moreover, primary monocytic cells from diabetic individuals, a demographic at amplified risk of TB, exhibited heightened PPARδ expression and inflammation, further underscoring its pathological relevance. Targeting PPARδ in these cells effectively dampened the inflammatory response, offering a promising therapeutic avenue against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halemah AlSaeed
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, Dasman, Kuwait, PO BOX 1180, Dasman 15462, State of Kuwait
| | - Mohammed J A Haider
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, PO BOX 5969, Safat 13060, State of Kuwait
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Bioenergetics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Rasheed Ahmad
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, Dasman, Kuwait, PO BOX 1180, Dasman 15462, State of Kuwait
| | - Fatema Al-Rashed
- Immunology and Microbiology Department, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Al-Soor Street, Dasman, Kuwait, PO BOX 1180, Dasman 15462, State of Kuwait
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2
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Muniz-Santos R, Lucieri-Costa G, de Almeida MAP, Moraes-de-Souza I, Brito MADSM, Silva AR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF. Lipid oxidation dysregulation: an emerging player in the pathophysiology of sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224335. [PMID: 37600769 PMCID: PMC10435884 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by abnormal host response to infection. Millions of people are affected annually worldwide. Derangement of the inflammatory response is crucial in sepsis pathogenesis. However, metabolic, coagulation, and thermoregulatory alterations also occur in patients with sepsis. Fatty acid mobilization and oxidation changes may assume the role of a protagonist in sepsis pathogenesis. Lipid oxidation and free fatty acids (FFAs) are potentially valuable markers for sepsis diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we discuss inflammatory and metabolic dysfunction during sepsis, focusing on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) alterations in the liver and muscle (skeletal and cardiac) and their implications in sepsis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renan Muniz-Santos
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Lucieri-Costa
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Matheus Augusto P. de Almeida
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Moraes-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Federal Fluminense University, Niteroi, Brazil
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Du M, Yang L, Liu B, Yang L, Mao X, Liang M, Huang K. Inhibition of NFAT suppresses foam cell formation and the development of diet-induced atherosclerosis. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21951. [PMID: 34551141 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100947r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the molecular and cellular processes involved in foam cell formation is critical for us to understand the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) is a transcription factor originally identified as a key player in the differentiation of T cells and maturation of immune system. Nowadays it has been brought into attention that NFAT also regulates multiple pathophysiological processes and targeted intervention in NFAT may be effective in the treatment of some cardiovascular diseases. However, whether NFAT is involved in foam cell formation remains elusive. NFAT in human monocyte-derived macrophage was activated by ox-LDL and translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. NFAT then directly bound to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) in the nucleus and negatively regulated its transcriptional activity. NFATc2 knockdown or NFAT inhibitor 11R-VIVIT increased cholesterol efflux (by activating PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1 cascade) and reduced the uptake of modified lipoprotein (in a PPARγ-independent way) in macrophage, thus prevented foam cell formation. Besides, 11R-VIVIT also exerted a protective role in the development of atherosclerosis in western diet-fed ApoE-/- mice. These results suggest NFAT inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Du
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Liyuan Cardiovascular Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liuye Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Mao
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Clinic Center of Human Gene Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Liyuan Cardiovascular Center, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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4
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Insuela DBR, Ferrero MR, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Chaves ADS, da Silva AYO, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Simões RL, Barja-Fidalgo TC, Silva PMRE, Martins MA, Silva AR, Carvalho VF. Glucagon Reduces Neutrophil Migration and Increases Susceptibility to Sepsis in Diabetic Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:633540. [PMID: 34295325 PMCID: PMC8290340 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is one of the most common comorbidities observed in diabetic patients, associated with a deficient innate immune response. Recently, we have shown that glucagon possesses anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated if hyperglucagonemia triggered by diabetes might reduce the migration of neutrophils, increasing sepsis susceptibility. 21 days after diabetes induction by intravenous injection of alloxan, we induced moderate sepsis in Swiss-Webster mice through cecum ligation and puncture (CLP). The glucagon receptor (GcgR) antagonist des-his1-[Glu9]-glucagon amide was injected intraperitoneally 24h and 1h before CLP. We also tested the effect of glucagon on CXCL1/KC-induced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity in mice. Neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro was tested using transwell plates, and the expression of total PKA and phospho-PKA was evaluated by western blot. GcgR antagonist restored neutrophil migration, reduced CFU numbers in the peritoneal cavity and improved survival rate of diabetic mice after CLP procedure, however, the treatment did no alter hyperglycemia, CXCL1/KC plasma levels and blood neutrophilia. In addition, glucagon inhibited CXCL1/KC-induced neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity of non-diabetic mice. Glucagon also decreased the chemotaxis of neutrophils triggered by CXCL1/KC, PAF, or fMLP in vitro. The inhibitory action of glucagon occurred in parallel with the reduction of CXCL1/KC-induced actin polymerization in neutrophils in vitro, but not CD11a and CD11b translocation to cell surface. The suppressor effect of glucagon on CXCL1/KC-induced neutrophil chemotaxis in vitro was reversed by pre-treatment with GcgR antagonist and adenylyl cyclase or PKA inhibitors. Glucagon also increased PKA phosphorylation directly in neutrophils in vitro. Furthermore, glucagon impaired zymosan-A-induced ROS production by neutrophils in vitro. Human neutrophil chemotaxis and adherence to endothelial cells in vitro were inhibited by glucagon treatment. According to our results, this inhibition was independent of CD11a and CD11b translocation to neutrophil surface or neutrophil release of CXCL8/IL-8. Altogether, our results suggest that glucagon may be involved in the reduction of neutrophil migration and increased susceptibility to sepsis in diabetic mice. This work collaborates with better understanding of the increased susceptibility and worsening of sepsis in diabetics, which can contribute to the development of new effective therapeutic strategies for diabetic septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maximiliano Ruben Ferrero
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Felippe Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda da Silva Chaves
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Hugo Caire Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Loureiro Simões
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thereza Christina Barja-Fidalgo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marco Aurélio Martins
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Frias Carvalho
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Inflammation, National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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5
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de Carvalho MV, Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque CF, Silva AR. PPAR Gamma: From Definition to Molecular Targets and Therapy of Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020805. [PMID: 33467433 PMCID: PMC7830538 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that regulate the expression of genes related to lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation. There are three members: PPARα, PPARβ or PPARγ. PPARγ have several ligands. The natural agonists are omega 9, curcumin, eicosanoids and others. Among the synthetic ligands, we highlight the thiazolidinediones, clinically used as an antidiabetic. Many of these studies involve natural or synthetic products in different pathologies. The mechanisms that regulate PPARγ involve post-translational modifications, such as phosphorylation, sumoylation and ubiquitination, among others. It is known that anti-inflammatory mechanisms involve the inhibition of other transcription factors, such as nuclear factor kB(NFκB), signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) or activator protein 1 (AP-1), or intracellular signaling proteins such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases. PPARγ transrepresses other transcription factors and consequently inhibits gene expression of inflammatory mediators, known as biomarkers for morbidity and mortality, leading to control of the exacerbated inflammation that occurs, for instance, in lung injury/acute respiratory distress. Many studies have shown the therapeutic potentials of PPARγ on pulmonary diseases. Herein, we describe activities of the PPARγ as a modulator of inflammation, focusing on lung injury and including definition and mechanisms of regulation, biological effects and molecular targets, and its role in lung diseases caused by inflammatory stimuli, bacteria and virus, and molecular-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia V. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Cassiano F. Gonçalves-de-Albuquerque
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-010, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.F.G.-d.-A.); (A.R.S.)
| | - Adriana R. Silva
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil;
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.F.G.-d.-A.); (A.R.S.)
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6
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Role of Adiponectin in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218265. [PMID: 33158216 PMCID: PMC7662687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic chronic inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, characterized by progressive articular damage and joint dysfunction. One of the symptoms of this disease is persistent inflammatory infiltration of the synovial membrane, the principle site of inflammation in RA. In the affected conditions, the cells of the synovial membrane, fibroblast-like synoviocytes and macrophage-like synovial cells, produce enzymes degrading cartilage and underlining bone tissue, as well as cytokines increasing the infiltration of immune cells. In patients with RA, higher levels of adiponectin are measured in the serum and synovial fluid. Adiponectin, a secretory product that is mainly white adipose tissue, is a multifunctional protein with dual anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory properties. Several studies underline the fact that adiponectin can play an important pro-inflammatory role in the pathophysiology of RA via stimulating the secretion of inflammatory mediators. This narrative review is devoted to the presentation of recent knowledge on the role played by one of the adipokines produced by adipose tissue—adiponectin—in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
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7
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Ventura RD, Chaves AS, Magalhães NS, Gonzalez FB, Pacini MF, Pérez AR, Silva PMR, Martins MA, Carvalho VF. Activation of PPARγ reduces N-acetyl-cysteine -induced hypercorticoidism by down-regulating MC2R expression into adrenal glands. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 156:137-143. [PMID: 32574682 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that oral supplementation with antioxidants induced hyperactivity of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, attested by hypercorticoidism, through an up-regulation of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) receptors (MC2R) in adrenal. This study analyzed the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ on HPA axis hyperactivity induced by N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). Male Swiss-Webster mice were orally treated with NAC for 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, or 18 consecutive days. The PPAR-γ agonist rosiglitazone and/or antagonist GW9662 were daily-injected i.p. for 5 consecutive days, starting concomitantly with NAC treatment. Rosiglitazone treatment inhibited NAC-induced adrenal hypertrophy and hypercorticoidism. Rosiglitazone also significantly reversed the NAC-induced increase in the MC2R expression in adrenal, but not steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). NAC treatment reduces the expression of PPARγ in the adrenals, but rosiglitazone did not restore the expression of this cytoprotective gene. In addition, GW9662 blocked the ability of rosiglitazone to decrease plasma corticosterone levels in NAC-treated mice. In conclusion, our findings showed that antioxidant supplementation induced a state of hypercorticoidism through down-regulation of PPARγ expression in the adrenals, in a mechanism probably related to a down-regulation of ACTH receptor expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa D Ventura
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda S Chaves
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nathalia S Magalhães
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Florencia B Gonzalez
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology (IDICER-CONICET UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Maria Florencia Pacini
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology (IDICER-CONICET UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ana Rosa Pérez
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Immunology (IDICER-CONICET UNR), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Patrícia M R Silva
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marco A Martins
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius F Carvalho
- Laboratório de Inflamação, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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8
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Biondo LA, Teixeira AAS, de O. S. Ferreira KC, Neto JCR. Pharmacological Strategies for Insulin Sensitivity in Obesity and Cancer: Thiazolidinediones and Metformin. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:932-945. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200122124116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Chronic diseases, such as obesity and cancer, have high prevalence rates. Both diseases
have hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, high levels of IGF-1 and inflammatory cytokines in common. Therefore,
these can be considered triggers for cancer development and growth. In addition, low-grade inflammation that
modulates the activation of immune cells, cellular metabolism, and production of cytokines and chemokines are
common in obesity, cancer, and insulin resistance. Pharmacological strategies are necessary when a change in
lifestyle does not improve glycemic homeostasis. In this regard, thiazolidinediones (TZD) possess multiple molecular
targets and regulate PPARγ in obesity and cancer related to insulin resistance, while metformin acts
through the AMPK pathway.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to review TZD and metformin as pharmacological treatments for insulin
resistance associated with obesity and cancer.
Conclusions:
Thiazolidinediones restored adiponectin secretion and leptin sensitivity, reduced lipid droplets in
hepatocytes and orexigen peptides in the hypothalamus. In cancer cells, TZD reduced proliferation, production of
reactive oxygen species, and inflammation by acting through the mTOR and NFκB pathways. Metformin has
similar effects, though these are AMPK-dependent. In addition, both drugs can be efficient against certain side
effects caused by chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana A. Biondo
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. S. Teixeira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karen C. de O. S. Ferreira
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jose C. R. Neto
- Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Cell Biology and Development, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Penas FN, Carta D, Cevey ÁC, Rada MJ, Pieralisi AV, Ferlin MG, Sales ME, Mirkin GA, Goren NB. Pyridinecarboxylic Acid Derivative Stimulates Pro-Angiogenic Mediators by PI3K/AKT/mTOR and Inhibits Reactive Nitrogen and Oxygen Species and NF-κB Activation Through a PPARγ-Dependent Pathway in T. cruzi-Infected Macrophages. Front Immunol 2020; 10:2955. [PMID: 31993046 PMCID: PMC6964702 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection and represents an important public health concern in Latin America. Macrophages are one of the main infiltrating leukocytes in response to infection. Parasite persistence could trigger a sustained activation of these cells, contributing to the damage observed in this pathology, particularly in the heart. HP24, a pyridinecarboxylic acid derivative, is a new PPARγ ligand that exerts anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic effects. The aim of this work was to deepen the study of the mechanisms involved in the pro-angiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of HP24 in T. cruzi-infected macrophages, which have not yet been elucidated. We show for the first time that HP24 increases expression of VEGF-A and eNOS through PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PPARγ pathways and that HP24 inhibits iNOS expression and NO release, a pro-inflammatory mediator, through PPARγ-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, this study shows that HP24 modulates H2O2 production in a PPARγ-dependent manner. It is also demonstrated that this new PPARγ ligand inhibits the NF-κB pathway. HP24 inhibits IKK phosphorylation and IκB-α degradation, as well as p65 translocation to the nucleus in a PPARγ-dependent manner. In Chagas disease, both the sustained increment in pro-inflammatory mediators and microvascular abnormalities are crucial aspects for the generation of cardiac damage. Elucidating the mechanism of action of new PPARγ ligands is highly attractive, given the fact that it can be used as an adjuvant therapy, particularly in the case of Chagas disease in which inflammation and tissue remodeling play an important role in the pathophysiology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Nicolás Penas
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Davide Carta
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Ágata Carolina Cevey
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Jimena Rada
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Azul Victoria Pieralisi
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Grazia Ferlin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - María Elena Sales
- Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos (CEFyBO), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo A Mirkin
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora Beatriz Goren
- Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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10
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Wen Q, Miao J, Lau N, Zhang C, Ye P, Du S, Mei L, Weng H, Xu Q, Liu X, Chen D, Zhang F, Li C, Li H. Rhein attenuates lipopolysaccharide-primed inflammation through NF-κB inhibition in RAW264.7 cells: targeting the PPAR-γ signal pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:357-365. [PMID: 31846359 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a common inducer of numerous severe diseases such as sepsis. The NF-κB signaling pathway plays a key role in the inflammatory process. Its activation promotes the release of pro-inflammatory mediators like inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) inactivates nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and subsequently attenuates inflammation. Rhein, an agent isolated from rhubarb, has been known to have anti-inflammatory effects. However, its influence on PPAR-γ remains largely unknown. In this study, an inflammation model was constructed by stimulating RAW264.7 cells with lipopolysaccharide. Rhein was used as a therapeutic agent, while rosiglitazone (PPAR-γ activator) and GW9662 (PPAR-γ inhibitor) were used as disrupters for in depth studies. The results demonstrated that rhein inhibits NF-κB activation and inflammatory factor release. However, GW9662 significantly reduced this effect, indicating that PPAR-γ is a critical mediator in the rhein-mediated anti-inflammatory process. Additionally, positive modulation of PPAR-γ expression and activity by rosiglitazone correspondingly influenced the effects of rhein on inflammatory factors and NF-κB expression. We also found that rhein could enhance PPAR-γ, NF-κB, and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) binding. These results indicate that rhein exerts its anti-inflammation function by regulating the PPAR-γ-NF-κB-HDAC3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Jifei Miao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ngaikeung Lau
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoying Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohui Du
- Shenzhen Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 518000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyan Mei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Huandi Weng
- Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guiyang University of Chinese Medicine, Guizhou, 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengxue Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Li
- School of Nursing Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, People's Republic of China
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The Adipokine Network in Rheumatic Joint Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20174091. [PMID: 31443349 PMCID: PMC6747092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20174091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatic diseases encompass a diverse group of chronic disorders that commonly affect musculoskeletal structures. Osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are the two most common, leading to considerable functional limitations and irreversible disability when patients are unsuccessfully treated. Although the specific causes of many rheumatic conditions remain unknown, it is generally accepted that immune mechanisms and/or uncontrolled inflammatory responses are involved in their etiology and symptomatology. In this regard, the bidirectional communication between neuroendocrine and immune system has been demonstrated to provide a homeostatic network that is involved in several pathological conditions. Adipokines represent a wide variety of bioactive, immune and inflammatory mediators mainly released by adipocytes that act as signal molecules in the neuroendocrine-immune interactions. Adipokines can also be synthesized by synoviocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and inflammatory cells in the joint microenvironment, showing potent modulatory properties on different effector cells in OA and RA pathogenesis. Effects of adiponectin, leptin, resistin and visfatin on local and systemic inflammation are broadly described. However, more recently, other adipokines, such as progranulin, chemerin, lipocalin-2, vaspin, omentin-1 and nesfatin, have been recognized to display immunomodulatory actions in rheumatic diseases. This review highlights the latest relevant findings on the role of the adipokine network in the pathophysiology of OA and RA.
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