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Barzegar S, Pirouzpanah S. Zinc finger proteins and ATP-binding cassette transporter-dependent multidrug resistance. Eur J Clin Invest 2024; 54:e14120. [PMID: 37930002 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a significant challenge in cancer treatment, leading to poor clinical outcomes. Dysregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters has been identified as a key contributor to MDR. Zinc finger proteins (ZNPs) are key regulators of transcription and have emerged as potential contributors to cancer drug resistance. Bridging the knowledge gap between ZNPs and MDR is essential to understand a source of heterogeneity in cancer treatment. This review sought to elucidate how different ZNPs modulate the transcriptional regulation of ABC genes, contributing to resistance to cancer therapies. METHODS The search was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Web of Science. RESULTS In addition to ABC-blockers, the transcriptional features regulated by ZNP are expected to play a role in reversing ABC-mediated MDR and predicting the efficacy of anticancer treatments. Among the ZNP-induced epithelial to mesenchymal transition, SNAIL, SLUG and Zebs have been identified as important factors in promoting MDR through activation of ATM, NFκB and PI3K/Akt pathways, exposing the metabolism to potential ZNP-MDR interactions. Additionally, nuclear receptors, such as VDR, ER and PXR have been found to modulate certain ABC regulations. Other C2H2-type zinc fingers, including Kruppel-like factors, Gli and Sp also have the potential to contribute to MDR. CONCLUSION Besides reviewing evidence on the effects of ZNP dysregulation on ABC-related chemoresistance in malignancies, significant markers of ZNP functions are discussed to highlight the clinical implications of gene-to-gene and microenvironment-to-gene interactions on MDR prospects. Future research on ZNP-derived biomarkers is crucial for addressing heterogeneity in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Barzegar
- Shahid Madani Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Pirouzpanah
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Wang H, Chu F, Zhang XF, Zhang P, Li LX, Zhuang YL, Niu XF, He X, Li ZJ, Bai Y, Mao D, Liu ZW, Zhang DL, Li BA. TPX2 enhances the transcription factor activation of PXR and enhances the resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells to antitumor drugs. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:64. [PMID: 36707511 PMCID: PMC9883482 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05537-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is an important regulator of hepatocellular carcinoma cellular resistance to antitumor drugs. Activation of PXR was modulated by the co-regulators. The target protein for the Xenopus plus end-directed kinesin-like protein (Xklp2) known as TPX2 that was previously considered as a tubulin regulator, also functions as the regulator of some transcription factors and pro-oncogenes in human malignances. However, the actions of TPX2 on PXR and HCC cells are still unclear. In the present study, our results demonstrate that the high expression of endogenous mRNA level of TPX2 not only correlated with the poor prognosis of advanced HCC patients who received sorafenib treatment but also with expression of PXR's downstream genes, cyp3a4 and/or mdr-1. Results from luciferase and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that TPX2 leads to enhancement of the transcription factor activation of PXR. Protein-protein interactions between PXR and TPX2 were identified using co-immunoprecipitation. Mechanically, overexpression of TPX2 led to enhancement of PXR recruitment to its downstream gene cyp3a4's promoter region (the PXRE region) or enhancer region (the XREM region). Treatment of HCC cells with paclitaxel, a microtubule promoter, led to enhancement of the effects of TPX2, whereas vincristine, a microtubule depolymerizing agent caused a decrease in TPX2-associated effects. TPX2 was found to cause acceleration of the metabolism or clearance of sorafenib, a typical tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in HCC cells and in turn led to the resistance to sorafenib by HCC cells. By establishing novel actions of TXP2 on PXR in HCC cells, the results indicate that TPX2 could be considered a promising therapeutic target to enhance HCC cells sensitivity to antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Wang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Fang Chu
- Department of Emergency, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zhang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital/Chinese PLA Medical Academy, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li-Xin Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yun-Long Zhuang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Niu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Xi He
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Li
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Da Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhen-Wen Liu
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Da-Li Zhang
- Senior Department of Hepatology, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
| | - Bo-An Li
- Clinical Laboratory, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China.
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Liu J, Lin Y, Yang Y, Guo Y, Shang Y, Zhou B, Liu T, Fan J, Wei C. Z-Guggulsterone attenuates cognitive defects and decreases neuroinflammation in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice through inhibiting the TLR4 signaling pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115149. [PMID: 35714682 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence indicates that inflammatory damage is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Z-Guggulsterone (Z-GS) is a natural steroid, which is extracted from Commiphora mukul and has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the disease-modifying effects of chronic Z-GS administration on the cognitive and neuropathological impairments in the transgenic mouse models of AD. We found that chronic Z-GS administration prevented learning and memory deficits in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. In addition, Z-GS treatment significantly decreased cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and plaque burden via inhibiting amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing by reducing beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expression in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. We also found that Z-GS treatment markedly alleviated neuroinflammation and reduced synaptic defects in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. Furthermore, the activated TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice were remarkably inhibited by Z-GS treatment, which was achieved via suppressing the phosphorylation of JNK. Collectively, our data demonstrate that chronic Z-GS treatment restores cognitive defects and reverses multiple neuropathological impairments in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mice. This study provides novel insights into the neuroprotective effects and neurobiological mechanisms of Z-GS on AD, indicating that Z-GS is a promising disease-modifying agent for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Institute of Geriatrics, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Department of Neurology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yane Guo
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yanchang Shang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, the 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jiao Fan
- Institute of Geriatrics, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Chao Wei
- Department of Neurology, the Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center of Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
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Rigalli JP, Theile D, Nilles J, Weiss J. Regulation of PXR Function by Coactivator and Corepressor Proteins: Ligand Binding Is Just the Beginning. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113137. [PMID: 34831358 PMCID: PMC8625645 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) is a nuclear receptor which exerts its regulatory function by heterodimerization with the retinoid-X-receptor α (RXRα, NR2B1) and binding to the promoter and enhancer regions of diverse target genes. PXR is involved in the regulation of drug metabolism and excretion, metabolic and immunological functions and cancer pathogenesis. PXR activity is strongly regulated by the association with coactivator and corepressor proteins. Coactivator proteins exhibit histone acetyltransferase or histone methyltransferase activity or associate with proteins having one of these activities, thus promoting chromatin decondensation and activation of the gene expression. On the contrary, corepressor proteins promote histone deacetylation and therefore favor chromatin condensation and repression of the gene expression. Several studies pointed to clear cell- and ligand-specific differences in the activation of PXR. In this article, we will review the critical role of coactivator and corepressor proteins as molecular determinants of the specificity of PXR-mediated effects. As already known for other nuclear receptors, understanding the complex mechanism of PXR activation in each cell type and under particular physiological and pathophysiological conditions may lead to the development of selective modulators with therapeutic potential.
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Daujat-Chavanieu M, Gerbal-Chaloin S. Regulation of CAR and PXR Expression in Health and Disease. Cells 2020; 9:E2395. [PMID: 33142929 PMCID: PMC7692647 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR, NR1I3) are members of the nuclear receptor superfamily that mainly act as ligand-activated transcription factors. Their functions have long been associated with the regulation of drug metabolism and disposition, and it is now well established that they are implicated in physiological and pathological conditions. Considerable efforts have been made to understand the regulation of their activity by their cognate ligand; however, additional regulatory mechanisms, among which the regulation of their expression, modulate their pleiotropic effects. This review summarizes the current knowledge on CAR and PXR expression during development and adult life; tissue distribution; spatial, temporal, and metabolic regulations; as well as in pathological situations, including chronic diseases and cancers. The expression of CAR and PXR is modulated by complex regulatory mechanisms that involve the interplay of transcription factors and also post-transcriptional and epigenetic modifications. Moreover, many environmental stimuli affect CAR and PXR expression through mechanisms that have not been elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- IRMB, University of Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France;
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