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Matera C, Kauk M, Cirillo D, Maspero M, Papotto C, Volpato D, Holzgrabe U, De Amici M, Hoffmann C, Dallanoce C. Novel Xanomeline-Containing Bitopic Ligands of Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Design, Synthesis and FRET Investigation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052407. [PMID: 36903650 PMCID: PMC10005175 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last few years, fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) receptor sensors have contributed to the understanding of GPCR ligand binding and functional activation. FRET sensors based on muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) have been employed to study dual-steric ligands, allowing for the detection of different kinetics and distinguishing between partial, full, and super agonism. Herein, we report the synthesis of the two series of bitopic ligands, 12-Cn and 13-Cn, and their pharmacological investigation at the M1, M2, M4, and M5 FRET-based receptor sensors. The hybrids were prepared by merging the pharmacophoric moieties of the M1/M4-preferring orthosteric agonist Xanomeline 10 and the M1-selective positive allosteric modulator 77-LH-28-1 (1-[3-(4-butyl-1-piperidinyl)propyl]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone) 11. The two pharmacophores were connected through alkylene chains of different lengths (C3, C5, C7, and C9). Analyzing the FRET responses, the tertiary amine compounds 12-C5, 12-C7, and 12-C9 evidenced a selective activation of M1 mAChRs, while the methyl tetrahydropyridinium salts 13-C5, 13-C7, and 13-C9 showed a degree of selectivity for M1 and M4 mAChRs. Moreover, whereas hybrids 12-Cn showed an almost linear response at the M1 subtype, hybrids 13-Cn evidenced a bell-shaped activation response. This different activation pattern suggests that the positive charge anchoring the compound 13-Cn to the orthosteric site ensues a degree of receptor activation depending on the linker length, which induces a graded conformational interference with the binding pocket closure. These bitopic derivatives represent novel pharmacological tools for a better understanding of ligand-receptor interactions at a molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Matera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michael Kauk
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans Knoell Str. 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Davide Cirillo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Maspero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Papotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Volpato
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carsten Hoffmann
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Biomedicine, University Hospital Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Hans Knoell Str. 2, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, Via L. Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-503-19327
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Guerriero C, Matera C, Del Bufalo D, De Amici M, Conti L, Dallanoce C, Tata AM. The Combined Treatment with Chemotherapeutic Agents and the Dualsteric Muscarinic Agonist Iper-8-Naphthalimide Affects Drug Resistance in Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081877. [PMID: 34440646 PMCID: PMC8391681 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by heterogeneous cell populations. Among these, the Glioblastoma Stem Cells (GSCs) fraction shares some similarities with Neural Stem Cells. GSCs exhibit enhanced resistance to conventional chemotherapy drugs. Our previous studies demonstrated that the activation of M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) negatively modulates GSCs proliferation and survival. The aim of the present study was to analyze the ability of the M2 dualsteric agonist Iper-8-naphthalimide (N-8-Iper) to counteract GSCs drug resistance. METHODS Chemosensitivity to M2 dualsteric agonist N-8-Iper and chemotherapy drugs such as temozolomide, doxorubicin, or cisplatin was evaluated in vitro by MTT assay in two different GSC lines. Drug efflux pumps expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and qRT-PCR. RESULTS By using sub-toxic concentrations of N-8-Iper combined with the individual chemotherapeutic agents, we found that only low doses of the M2 agonist combined with doxorubicin or cisplatin or temozolomide were significantly able to counteract cell growth in both GSC lines. Moreover, we evaluated as the exposure to high and low doses of N-8-Iper downregulated the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux pumps expression levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results revealed the ability of the investigated M2 agonist to counteract drug resistance in two GSC lines, at least partially by downregulating the ABC drug efflux pumps expression. The combined effects of low doses of conventional chemotherapy and M2 agonists may thus represent a novel promising pharmacological approach to impair the GSC-drug resistance in the GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Guerriero
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Carlo Matera
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.D.A.); (C.D.)
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00187 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco De Amici
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.D.A.); (C.D.)
| | - Luciano Conti
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Clelia Dallanoce
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section “Pietro Pratesi”, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.M.); (M.D.A.); (C.D.)
| | - Ada Maria Tata
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Research Centre of Neurobiology Daniel Bovet, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Tuğrak M, Gül Hİ, Sakagami H, Kaya R, Gülçin İ. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new pyrazolebenzene-sulphonamides as potential anticancer agents and hCA I and II inhibitors. Turk J Chem 2021; 45:528-539. [PMID: 34385849 PMCID: PMC8326471 DOI: 10.3906/kim-2009-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by the continuous growth of cells without adherence to the rules that healthy normal cells obey. Carbonic anhydrase I and II (CA I and CA II) inhibitors are used for the treatment of some diseases. The available drugs in the market have limitations or side effects, which bring about the need to develop new drug candidate compound(s) to overcome the problems at issue. In this study, new pyrazole-sulphonamide hybrid compounds 4-[5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-aryl-4,5-dihydro-1
H
-pyrazol-1-yl]benzenesulphonamides (4a - 4j) were designed to discover new drug candidate compounds. The compounds 4a - 4j were synthesized and their chemical structures were confirmed using spectral techniques. The hypothesis tested was whether an introduction of methoxy and polymethoxy group(s) lead to an increased potency selectivity expression (PSE) value of the compound, which reflects cytotoxicity and selectivity of the compounds. The cytotoxicity of the compounds towards tumor cell lines were in the range of 6.7 – 400 µM. The compounds 4i (PSE2 = 461.5) and 4g (PSE1 = 193.2) had the highest PSE values in cytotoxicity assays. Ki values of the compounds were in the range of 59.8 ± 3.0 - 12.7 ± 1.7 nM towards hCA I and in the range of 24.1 ± 7.1 - 6.9 ± 1.5 nM towards hCA II. While the compounds 4b, 4f, 4g, and 4i showed promising cytotoxic effects, the compounds 4c and 4g had the inhibitory potency towards hCA I and hCA II, respectively. These compounds can be considered as lead compounds for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Tuğrak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum Turkey
| | - Halise İnci Gül
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum Turkey
| | - Hiroshi Sakagami
- Division of Pharmacology, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama Japan
| | - Rüya Kaya
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum Turkey.,Central Research and Application Laboratory, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı Turkey
| | - İlhami Gülçin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum Turkey
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