1
|
Chen D, Wang J, Cao J, Zhu G. cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and anxiety: Where do we go next? Cell Signal 2024; 122:111311. [PMID: 39059755 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an intracellular second messenger that is derived from the conversion of adenosine triphosphate catalysed by adenylyl cyclase (AC). Protein kinase A (PKA), the main effector of cAMP, is a dimeric protein kinase consisting of two catalytic subunits and two regulatory subunits. When cAMP binds to the regulatory subunits of PKA, it leads to the dissociation and activation of PKA, which allows the catalytic subunit of PKA to phosphorylate target proteins, thereby regulating various physiological functions and metabolic processes in cellular function. Recent researches also implicate the involvement of cAMP-PKA signaling in the pathologenesis of anxiety disorder. However, there are still debates on the prevention and treatment of anxiety disorders from this signaling pathway. To review the function of cAMP-PKA signaling in anxiety disorder, we searched the publications with the keywords including "cAMP", "PKA" and "Anxiety" from Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science and CNKI databases. The results showed that the number of publications on cAMP-PKA pathway in anxiety disorder tended to increase. Bioinformatics results displayed a close association between the cAMP-PKA pathway and the occurrence of anxiety. Mechanistically, cAMP-PKA signaling could influence brain-derived neurotrophic factor and neuropeptide Y and participate in the regulation of anxiety. cAMP-PKA signaling could also oppose the dysfunctions of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), intestinal flora, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neuroinflammation, and signaling proteins (MAPK and AMPK) in anxiety. In addition, chemical agents with the ability to activate cAMP-PKA signaling demonstrated therapy potential against anxiety disorders. This review emphasizes the central roles of cAMP-PKA signaling in anxiety and the targets of the cAMP-PKA pathway would be potential candidates for treatment of anxiety. Nevertheless, more laboratory investigations to improve the therapeutic effect and reduce the adverse effect, and continuous clinical research will warrant the drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daokang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Jingji Wang
- Acupuncture and Moxibustion Clinical Medical Research Center of Anhui Province, The Second Affiliation Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230061, China.
| | - Jian Cao
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Guoqi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, The Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology (Brain diseases), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen J, Zhang M, Shen Z, Tang M, Zeng Y, Bai D, Zhao P, Jiang G. Low-dose diazepam improves cognitive function in APP/PS1 mouse models: Involvement of AMPA receptors. Brain Res 2024; 1845:149207. [PMID: 39214326 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated a close association between cognitive impairment in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and synaptic damage. Diazepam (DZP), a benzodiazepine class drug, is used to control symptoms such as seizures, anxiety, and sleep disorders. These symptoms can potentially manifest throughout the entire course of AD. Therefore, DZP may be utilized in the treatment of AD to manage these symptoms. However, the specific role and mechanisms of DZP in AD remain unclear. In this study, we discovered that long-term administration of a low dose of DZP (0.5 mg/kg) improved cognitive function and protected neurons from damage in APP/PS1 mice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that DZP exerted its neuroprotective effects and reduced Aβ deposition by modulating GluA1 (glutamate AMPA receptor subunit) to influence synaptic function. In conclusion, these findings highlight the potential benefits of DZP as a novel therapeutic approach, suggesting that long-term use of low-dose DZP in early-stage AD patients may be advantageous in slowing disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyi Shen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yumei Zeng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Dazhang Bai
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Peilin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Institute of Neurological Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Dessouki AM, Alzokaky AA, Raslan NA, Ibrahim S, Salama LA, Yousef EH. Piracetam mitigates nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin via the AMPK-mediated PI3K/Akt and MAPK/JNK/ERK signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 137:112511. [PMID: 38909496 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Cisplatin (CDDP) is commonly employed as an antineoplastic agent, but its use is significantly limited by the occurrence of dose-dependent nephrotoxicity, the detailed mechanisms of which remain unclear. This research is aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of Piracetam (PIR)'s protective effects on nephrotoxicity resulting from CDDP exposure and to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for these effects. MAIN METHODS PIR was given in dosages of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight for a duration of 15 days; concurrently, on the last day, a single 10 mg/kg dose of CDDP was delivered via intraperitoneal injection. Forty-eight hours post-CDDP injection, the animals were sacrificed to assess nephrotoxicity. Blood samples and renal tissues were taken for biochemical and histopathological investigations. Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), caspase-9 and nuclear factor kappa b p65 (NF-κB p65) were assessed by immunohistochemistry method. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) analysis was employed to determine cytochrome c (Cyt. c), Bcl-2-associated X-protein (BAX), caspase-3, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels in renal tissue homogenates. The mRNA levels of tumor protein P53 (TP53), phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK) were tested by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, histopathological evaluations of the renal tissues and the binding affinity of PIR to AMPK by molecular docking were also performed. KEY FINDINGS Pre-treatment with PIR enhanced renal function markers such as urea and creatinine, mitigated histological damage, and diminished inflammatory cell presence in renal tubules. PIR demonstrated antioxidant effects by reestablishing the equilibrium between pro-oxidants and antioxidants such as MPO, HO-1, Nrf2, as well as SOD. Furthermore, PIR inhibited the inflammatory pathways through the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Additionally, PIR counteracted the CDDP-induced decline in PI3K/Akt activity and hindered caspase-dependent apoptotic processes. SIGNIFICANCE In summary, PIR appears to be an effective therapeutic strategy for reducing CDDP-induced nephrotoxicity, attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms. Consequently, PIR may serve as a complementary treatment alongside CDDP to alleviate nephrotoxicity associated with CDDP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M El-Dessouki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, 12566, Giza, Egypt
| | - Amany A Alzokaky
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Nahed A Raslan
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacy Program, College of Health Sciences and Nursing, Al-Rayan Colleges, Madina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samar Ibrahim
- Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Ataka, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa A Salama
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Eman H Yousef
- Pharmacology and Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bobermin LD, da Costa DS, de Moraes ADM, da Silva VF, de Oliveira GT, Sesterheim P, Tramontina AC, Basso LA, Leipnitz G, Quincozes-Santos A, Gonçalves CA. Effect of metformin in hypothalamic astrocytes from an immunocompromised mice model. Biochimie 2024; 223:196-205. [PMID: 38642825 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes are glial cells that play key roles in neuroinflammation, which is a common feature in diabetic encephalopathy and aging process. Metformin is an antidiabetic compound that shows neuroprotective properties, including in inflammatory models, but astroglial signaling pathways involved are still poorly known. Interferons α/β are cytokines that participate in antiviral responses and the lack of their signaling increases susceptible to viral infections. Here, we investigated the effects of metformin on astrocytes from hypothalamus, a crucial brain region related to inflammatory processes. Astrocyte cultures were derived from interferon α/β receptor knockout (IFNα/βR-/-) and wild-type (WT) mice. Metformin did not change the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein but caused an anti-inflammatory effect by decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β), as well as increasing gene expression of anti-inflammatory proteins interleukin-10 and Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2). However, nuclear factor κB p65 and cyclooxygenase 2 were downregulated in WT astrocytes and upregulated in IFNα/βR-/- astrocytes. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a molecular target of metformin, was upregulated only in WT astrocytes, while sirtuin 1 increased in both mice models. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was decreased in WT astrocytes and heme oxygenase 1 was increased in IFNα/βR-/- astrocytes. Although loss of IFNα/βR-mediated signaling affects some effects of metformin, our results support beneficial roles of this drug in hypothalamic astrocytes. Moreover, paradoxical response of metformin may involve AMPK. Thus, metformin can mediate glioprotection due its effects on age-related disorders in non-diabetic and diabetic encephalopathy individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Daniele Bobermin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Schauren da Costa
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline Daniel Moreira de Moraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Fernanda da Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Tomazzoni de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Sesterheim
- Centro de Cardiologia Experimental, Instituto de Cardiologia/Fundação Universitária de Cardiologia, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Estadual de Vigilância em Saúde da Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina Tramontina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul, São Francisco de Paula, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Augusto Basso
- Centro de Pesquisas em Biologia Molecular e Funcional (CPBMF), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilhian Leipnitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André Quincozes-Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos-Alberto Gonçalves
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pourfridoni M, Hedayati-Moghadam M, Fathi S, Fathi S, Mirrashidi FS, Askarpour H, Shafieemojaz H, Baghcheghi Y. Beneficial effects of metformin treatment on memory impairment. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:640. [PMID: 38727848 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Memory issues are a prevalent symptom in different neurodegenerative diseases and can also manifest in certain psychiatric conditions. Despite limited medications approved for treating memory problems, research suggests a lack of sufficient options in the market. Studies indicate that a significant percentage of elderly individuals experience various forms of memory disorders. Metformin, commonly prescribed for type 2 diabetes, has shown neuroprotective properties through diverse mechanisms. This study explores the potential of metformin in addressing memory impairments. The current research gathered its data by conducting an extensive search across electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Previous research suggests that metformin enhances brain cell survival and memory function in both animal and clinical models by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death while increasing beneficial neurotrophic factors. The findings of the research revealed that metformin is an effective medication for enhancing various types of memory problems in numerous studies. Given the rising incidence of memory disorders, it is plausible to utilize metformin, which is an affordable and accessible drug. It is often recommended as a treatment to boost memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Pourfridoni
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Mahdiyeh Hedayati-Moghadam
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Shirin Fathi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Shiva Fathi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Mirrashidi
- Departrment of Pediatrics, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Hedyeh Askarpour
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Hadi Shafieemojaz
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Yousef Baghcheghi
- Student Research Committee, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Center of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
- Bio Environmental Health Hazards Research Center, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xin Y, Chu T, Zhou S, Xu A. α5GABA A receptor: A potential therapeutic target for perioperative neurocognitive disorders, a review of preclinical studies. Brain Res Bull 2023; 205:110821. [PMID: 37984621 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are a common complication in elderly patients following surgery, which not only prolongs the recovery period but also affects their future quality of life and imposes a significant burden on their family and society. Multiple factors, including aging, vulnerability, anesthetic drugs, cerebral oxygen desaturation, and severe pain, have been associated with PND. Unfortunately, no effective drug is currently available to prevent PND. α5 γ-aminobutyric acid subtype A (α5GABAA) receptors have been implicated in cognitive function modulation. Positive or negative allosteric modulators of α5GABAA receptors have been found to improve cognitive impairment under different conditions. Therefore, targeting α5GABAA receptors may represent a promising treatment strategy for PND. This review focuses on preclinical studies of α5GABAA receptors and the risk factors associated with PND, primarily including aging, anesthetics, and neuroinflammation. Specifically, positive allosteric modulators of α5GABAA receptors have improved cognitive function in aged experimental animals. In contrast, negative allosteric modulators of α5GABAA receptors have been found to facilitate cognitive recovery in aged or adult experimental animals undergoing anesthesia and surgery but not in aged experimental animals under anesthesia alone. The reasons for the discordant findings have yet to be elucidated. In preclinical studies, different strategies of drug administration, as well as various behavioral tests, may influence the stability of the results. These issues need to be carefully considered in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Xin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Tiantian Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Siqi Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Aijun Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, and Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Chang Q, Rizzello L, Wu Y. Research progress on the effects and mechanisms of anesthetics on neural stem cells. IBRAIN 2022; 8:453-464. [PMID: 37786590 PMCID: PMC10528967 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to anesthetic drugs has been proven to seriously affect developing animals in terms of neural stem cells' (NSCs') proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This can severely hamper the development of physiological learning and memory skills. Studies on the effects of anesthetics on NSCs' proliferation and differentiation are thus reviewed here, with the aim to highlight which specific drug mechanisms are the least harmful to NSCs. PubMed has been used as the preferential searching database of relevant literature to identify studies on the effects and mechanisms of NSCs' proliferation and differentiation. It was concluded that propofol and sevoflurane may be the safest options for NSCs during pregnancy and in pediatric clinical procedures, while dexmedetomidine has been found to reduce opioid-related damage in NSCs. It was also found that the growth environment may impact neurodevelopment even more than narcotic drugs. Nonetheless, the current scientific literature available further highlights how more extensive clinical trials are absolutely required for corroborating the conclusion drawn here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Quan‐Yuan Chang
- Department of AnesthesiologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM)MilanItaly
| | - You Wu
- Department of Family PlanningThe Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityGuizhouZunyiChina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Satoh R, Kawakami K, Nakadate K. Effects of Smart Drugs on Cholinergic System and Non-Neuronal Acetylcholine in the Mouse Hippocampus: Histopathological Approach. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123310. [PMID: 35743382 PMCID: PMC9224974 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, people in the United States and other countries have been using smart drugs, called nootropic or cognitive enhancers, to improve concentration and memory learning skills. However, these drugs were originally prescribed for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and dementia, and their efficacy in healthy people has not yet been established. We focused on acetylcholine in the hippocampus, which is responsible for memory learning, and elucidate the long-term effects of smart drugs on the neural circuits. Smart drugs were administered orally in normal young mice for seven weeks. The hippocampus was sectioned and compared histologically by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry for acetylcholine, and immunoelectron microscopy. There were no significant changes in acetylcholinesterase staining. However, in HE, we found perivascular edema, and choline acetyltransferase staining showed increased staining throughout the hippocampus and new signal induction in the perivascular area in the CA3, especially in the aniracetam and α-glyceryl phosphoryl choline group. Additionally, new muscarinic acetylcholine receptor signals were observed in the CA1 due to smart drug intake, suggesting that vasodilation might cause neuronal activation by increasing the influx of nutrients and oxygen. Moreover, these results suggest a possible new mechanism of acetylcholine-mediated neural circuit activation by smart drug intake.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hu Y, Qian Y, Wei J, Jin T, Kong X, Cao H, Ding K. The Disulfiram/Copper Complex Induces Autophagic Cell Death in Colorectal Cancer by Targeting ULK1. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:752825. [PMID: 34887757 PMCID: PMC8650091 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is highly prevalent worldwide, but there has been limited development of efficient and affordable treatment. Induced autophagy has recently been recognized as a novel therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment, and disulfiram (DSF), a well-known antialcohol drug, is also found to inhibit tumor growth in various malignancies. Recently, DSF has been reported to induce excessive autophagy in oral squamous cells; however, little is known about whether it can induce autophagy and suppress proliferation in CRC. In this study, we investigate the effect of DSF with copper (DSF/Cu) on CRC both in vitro and in vivo and find that the combination significantly inhibits CRC cell viability and mainly induces autophagy instead of apoptosis. Furthermore, we use whole genome CRISPR library screening and identify a new mechanism by which DSF triggers autophagy by ULK1. Overall, these findings provide a potential CRC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeting Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yucheng Qian
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingsun Wei
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tian Jin
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangxing Kong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongfeng Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|