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Alrohily WD, Habib ME, El-Messery SM, Alqurshi A, El-Subbagh H, Habib ESE. Antibacterial, antibiofilm and molecular modeling study of some antitumor thiazole based chalcones as a new class of DHFR inhibitors. Microb Pathog 2019; 136:103674. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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El-Gazzar YI, Georgey HH, El-Messery SM, Ewida HA, Hassan GS, Raafat MM, Ewida MA, El-Subbagh HI. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study of new (1,2,4-triazole or 1,3,4-thiadiazole)-methylthio-derivatives of quinazolin-4(3 H )-one as DHFR inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2017; 72:282-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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The electronic density obtained from a QTAIM analysis used as molecular descriptor. A study performed in a new series of DHFR inhibitors. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.12.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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El-Messery SM, Hassan GS, Nagi MN, Habib ESE, Al-Rashood ST, El-Subbagh HI. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling study of some new methoxylated 2-benzylthio-quinazoline-4(3H)-ones as nonclassical antifolates. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4815-4823. [PMID: 27554444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 2,3,6-substituted-quinazolin-4-ones was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro DHFR inhibition, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities. Compounds 28 and 61 proved to be active DHFR inhibitors with IC50 0.02 and 0.01μM, respectively. Molecular modeling studies concluded that recognition with the key amino acid Phe34 is essential for binding and hence DHFR inhibition. Compounds 34, 56 and 66 showed broad spectrum antimicrobial activity comparable to Gentamicin and Ciprofloxacin. Compounds 40 and 64 showed broad spectrum antitumor activity toward several tumor cell lines and proved to be 10 fold more active than 5-FU, with GI50 MG-MID values of 2.2 and 2.4μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahenda M El-Messery
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, PO Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | - Ghada S Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, PO Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud N Nagi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Sayed E Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology (Microbiology), College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah 344, Saudi Arabia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, PO Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sarah T Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein I El-Subbagh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, PO Box 35516, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University, 12311 Cairo, Egypt.
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Prakash GS, Paknia F, Kulkarni A, Narayanan A, Wang F, Rasul G, Mathew T, Olah GA. Taming of superacids: PVP-triflic acid as an effective solid triflic acid equivalent for Friedel–Crafts hydroxyalkylation and acylation. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
In order to elucidate the molecular adaptation mechanisms of enzymes to the high hydrostatic pressure of the deep sea, we cloned, purified, and characterized more than ten dihydrofolate reductases (DHFRs) from bacteria living in deep-sea and ambient atmospheric pressure environments. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of these DHFRs indicate the deep-sea bacteria are adapted to their environments after the differentiation of their genus from ancestors inhabiting atmospheric pressure environments. In particular, the backbone structure of the deep-sea DHFR from Moritella profunda (mpDHFR) almost overlapped with the normal homolog from Escherichia coli (ecDHFR). Thus, those of other DHFRs would also overlap on the basis of their sequence similarities. However, the structural stability of both DHFRs was quite different: compared to ecDHFR, mpDHFR was more thermally stable but less stable against urea and pressure unfolding. The smaller volume changes due to unfolding suggest that the native structure of mpDHFR has a smaller cavity and/or enhanced hydration compared to ecDHFR. High hydrostatic pressure reduced the enzymatic activity of many DHFRs, but three deep-sea DHFRs and the D27E mutant of ecDHFR exhibited pressure-dependent activation. The inverted activation volumes from positive to negative values indicate the modification of their structural dynamics, conversion of the rate-determining step of the enzymatic reaction, and different contributions of the cavity and hydration to the transition-state structure. Since the cavity and hydration depend on amino acid side chains, DHFRs would adapt to the deep-sea environment by regulating the cavity and hydration by substituting their amino acid side chains without altering their backbone structure. The results of this study clearly indicate that the cavity and hydration play important roles in the adaptation of enzymes to the deep-sea environment.
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Nonclassical antifolates, part 5. Benzodiazepine analogs as a new class of DHFR inhibitors: Synthesis, antitumor testing and molecular modeling study. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 74:234-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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In silico ligand-based pharmacophore model generation for the identification of novel Pneumocystis carinii DHFR inhibitors. Med Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-012-0082-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bag S, Tawari NR, Degani MS, Queener SF. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and computational investigation of novel inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase of opportunistic pathogens. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3187-97. [PMID: 20363634 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present work deals with design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel, diverse compounds as potential inhibitors of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from opportunistic microorganisms; Pneumocystis carinii (pc), Toxoplasma gondii (tg) and Mycobacterium avium (ma). A set of 14 structurally diverse compounds were designed with varying key pharmacophoric features of DHFR inhibitors, bulky distal substitutions and different bridges joining the distal part and 2,4-diaminopyrimidine nucleus. The designed compounds were synthesized and evaluated in enzyme assay against pc, tg and ma DHFR. The rat liver (rl) DHFR was used as mammalian standard. As the next logical step of the project, flexible molecular docking studies were carried out to predict the binding modes of these compounds in pcDHFR active site and the obtained docked poses were post processed using MM-GBSA protocol for prediction of relative binding affinity. The predicted binding modes were able to rationalize the experimental results in most cases. Of particular interest, both the docking scores and MM-GBSA predicted Delta G(bind) were able to distinguish between the active and low active compounds. Furthermore, good correlation coefficient of 0.797 was obtained between the IC(50) values and MM-GBSA predicted Delta G(bind). Taken together, the current work provides not only a novel scaffold for further optimization of DHFR inhibitors but also an understanding of the specific interactions of inhibitors with DHFR and structural modifications that improve selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Bag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga (E), Mumbai 400 019, India
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Sánchez-del-Campo L, Tárraga A, Montenegro MF, Cabezas-Herrera J, Rodríguez-López JN. Melanoma activation of 3-o-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-(-)-epicatechin to a potent irreversible inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:883-94. [PMID: 19358568 DOI: 10.1021/mp800259k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human melanoma is a significant clinical problem because it is resistant to treatment by most chemotherapeutic agents, including antifolates. It is therefore a desirable goal to develop a second generation of low-toxicity antifolate drugs to overcome acquired resistance to the prevention and treatment of this skin pathology. In our efforts to improve the stability and bioavailability of green tea polyphenols for cancer therapy, we synthesized a trimethoxy derivative of epicatechin-3-gallate, which showed high antiproliferative and proapoptotic activity against melanoma. This derivative, 3-O-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoyl)-(-)-epicatechin (TMECG), is a prodrug that is selectively activated by the specific melanocyte enzyme tyrosinase. Upon activation, TMECG generates a stable quinone methide product that strongly inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in an irreversible manner. The treatment of melanoma cells with TMECG also affected cellular folate transport and the gene expression of DHFR, which supported the antifolate nature of this compound. In addition, its pharmacological efficacy has been confirmed in a mouse melanoma model, in which tumor growth and metastasis were inhibited, significantly enhancing the mean survival of the treated groups. TMECG, therefore, shows a potential for clinical use in melanoma therapy.
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Al-Rashood ST, Aboldahab IA, Nagi MN, Abouzeid LA, Abdel-Aziz AAM, Abdel-Hamide SG, Youssef KM, Al-Obaid AM, El-Subbagh HI. Synthesis, dihydrofolate reductase inhibition, antitumor testing, and molecular modeling study of some new 4(3H)-quinazolinone analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 14:8608-21. [PMID: 16971132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Revised: 08/17/2006] [Accepted: 08/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In order to produce potent new leads for anticancer drugs, a new series of quinazoline analogs was designed to resemble methotrexate (MTX, 1) structure features and fitted with functional groups believed to enhance inhibition of mammalian DHFR activity. Molecular modeling studies were used to assess the fit of these compounds within the active site of human DHFR. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit mammalian DHFR in vitro and for their antitumor activity in a standard in vitro tissue culture assay panel. Compounds 28, 30, and 31 were the most active DHFR inhibitors with IC(50) values of 0.5, 0.4, and 0.4microM, respectively. The most active antitumor agents in this study were compounds 19, 31, 41, and 47 with median growth inhibitory concentrations (GI(50)) of 20.1, 23.5, 26.7, and 9.1microM, respectively. Of this series of compounds, only compound 31 combined antitumor potency with potent DHFR inhibition; the other active antitumor compounds (19, 41, and 47) all had DHFR IC(50) values above 15microM, suggesting that they might exert their antitumor potency through some other mode of action. Alternatively, the compounds could differ significantly in uptake or concentration within mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah T Al-Rashood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, PO Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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da Cunha EFF, Ramalho TC, Maia ER, de Alencastro RB. The search for new DHFR inhibitors: a review of patents, January 2001 – February 2005. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2005. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.15.8.967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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