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Shang T, Zhang C, Liu D. Drug disposition in cholestasis: An important concern. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2024; 12:e1220. [PMID: 38899589 PMCID: PMC11187734 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis, a chronic liver condition, disrupts bile acid homeostasis and complicates drug disposition, posing significant challenges in medicating cholestatic patients. Drug metabolism enzymes and transporters (DMETs) are pivotal in drug clearance. Research indicates that cholestasis leads to alterations in both hepatic and extrahepatic DMETs, with changes in expression and function documented in rodents and humans. This review synthesizes the modifications in key drug disposition components within cholestasis, focusing on cytochrome P450 (CYP450), drug transporters, and their substrates. Additionally, we briefly discuss certain drugs that have demonstrated efficacy in restoring DMET expression in cholestatic conditions. Ultimately, these insights necessitate a reevaluation of drug selection and dosing guidelines for patients with cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Shang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Chengliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Dong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Mondal P, Bailey KL, Cartwright SB, Band V, Carlson MA. Large Animal Models of Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:788038. [PMID: 35186735 PMCID: PMC8855936 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.788038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini review the status, advantages, and disadvantages of large animal modeling of breast cancer (BC) will be discussed. While most older studies of large animal BC models utilized canine and feline subjects, more recently there has been interest in development of porcine BC models, with some early promising results for modeling human disease. Widely used rodent models of BC were briefly reviewed to give context to the work on the large animal BC models. Availability of large animal BC models could provide additional tools for BC research, including availability of human-sized subjects and BC models with greater biologic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Mondal
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Department of Surgery, VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Katie L. Bailey
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sara B. Cartwright
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Mark A. Carlson
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Department of Surgery, VA Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,Center for Advanced Surgical Technology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States,*Correspondence: Mark A. Carlson,
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Sjögren E, Abrahamsson B, Augustijns P, Becker D, Bolger MB, Brewster M, Brouwers J, Flanagan T, Harwood M, Heinen C, Holm R, Juretschke HP, Kubbinga M, Lindahl A, Lukacova V, Münster U, Neuhoff S, Nguyen MA, Peer AV, Reppas C, Hodjegan AR, Tannergren C, Weitschies W, Wilson C, Zane P, Lennernäs H, Langguth P. In vivo methods for drug absorption – Comparative physiologies, model selection, correlations with in vitro methods (IVIVC), and applications for formulation/API/excipient characterization including food effects. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 57:99-151. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Fagerholm U. Prediction of human pharmacokinetics-biliary and intestinal clearance and enterohepatic circulation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2008; 60:535-42. [PMID: 18416932 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.60.5.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The main objective was to evaluate and propose methods for predicting biliary clearance (CL(bile)) and enterohepatic circulation (EHC) of intact drugs in man. Another aim was to evaluate to role of intestinal drug secretion and propose a method for prediction of intestinal secretion CL (CL(i)). Animal data poorly predict the CL and CL(bile) of biliary excreted drugs, and the suggested molecular weight threshold for bile excretion as the dominant elimination route does not seem to hold. Active transport, low metabolic intrinsic CL (CL(int)) and, as an approximation, permeability (P(e)) less than that of metoprolol is required for substantial CL(bile) to occur. The typical EHC plasma concentration vs time profile (multiple peaks) is demonstrated for many low metabolic CL(int)-compounds with efflux and moderate to high intestinal P(e) and fraction absorbed. Physiologically-based in-vitro to in-vivo (PB-IVIV) methodology with in-vitro intrinsic CL(bile)-data obtained with sandwich-cultured human hepatocytes has generated 2- and 5-fold underpredictions for two compounds with intermediate to high CL(bile). This is despite not considering the unbound fraction. Possible explanations include low transporter activity and diffusion limitations in the in-vitro experiments. Intestinal reabsorption and EHC were also neglected in these predictions and in-vivo CL(bile) estimations. The sandwich model and these reference data are still very useful. Consideration of an empirical scaling factor and a newly developed approach that accounts for intestinal reabsorption and EHC could potentially lead to improved PB-IVIV predictions of CL(bile). Apparently, no attempts have been made to predict CL(i). Elimination via the intestinal route does not appear to be of great importance for the few compounds with available data, but could be equally as important as bile excretion. Net secretion in-vitro P(e) and newly estimated in-vivo intrinsic CL(i) data for digoxin and rosuvastatin could be useful for approximation of CL(i) of other compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Fagerholm
- Clinical Pharmacology, AstraZeneca R&D Södertälje, S-151 85 Södertälje, Sweden.
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Sjödin E, Fritsch H, Eriksson UG, Logren U, Nordgren A, Forsell P, Knutson L, Lennernäs H. Intestinal and Hepatobiliary Transport of Ximelagatran and Its Metabolites in Pigs. Drug Metab Dispos 2008; 36:1519-28. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.108.020412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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O'Driscoll CM, Griffin BT. Biopharmaceutical challenges associated with drugs with low aqueous solubility--the potential impact of lipid-based formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008; 60:617-24. [PMID: 18155800 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2007] [Accepted: 10/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The percentage of new chemical entities synthesised with low aqueous solubility and high therapeutic efficacy is growing, this presents major challenges for the drug delivery scientists. The role of physicochemical properties in identification of suitable drug candidates for oral lipid-based delivery systems is discussed. A knowledge of the interplay of physicochemical and biopharmaceutical drug properties with the physiological environment of the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT), as a prerequisite to successful formulation design, is reviewed. The importance of excipient selection with an emphasis on bioactive excipients is stressed. The need for more examples of in vitro-in vivo correlations as a means of maximizing the development potential and commercial future for lipid-based formulations, and, promoting confidence within the industry for these delivery systems is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M O'Driscoll
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, College Road, Cork, Ireland.
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