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Yuan H, Guo C, Liu L, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Gou J, Pan B, Tang X. Progress and prospects of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for oral delivery of proteins/peptides. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120838. [PMID: 37059563 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
The oral route has long been recognized as the most preferred route for drug delivery as it offers high patient compliance and requires minimal expertise. Unlike small molecule drugs, the harsh environment of the gastrointestinal tract and low permeability across the intestinal epithelium make oral delivery extremely ineffective for macromolecules. Accordingly, delivery systems that are rationally constructed with suitable materials to overcome barriers to oral delivery are exceptionally promising. Among the most ideal materials are polysaccharides. Depending on the interaction between polysaccharides and proteins, the thermodynamic loading and release of proteins in the aqueous phase can be realized. Specific polysaccharides (dextran, chitosan, alginate, cellulose, etc.) endow systems with functional properties, including muco-adhesiveness, pH-responsiveness, and prevention of enzymatic degradation. Furthermore, multiple groups in polysaccharides can be modified, which gives them a variety of properties and enables them to suit specific needs. This review provides an overview of different types of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers based on different kinds of interaction forces and the influencing factors in the construction of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers. Strategies of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers to improve the bioavailability of orally administered proteins/peptides were described. Additionally, current restrictions and future trends of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for oral delivery of proteins/peptides were also covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Yuan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chen Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Linxuan Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian Yin
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jingxin Gou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bochen Pan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, China.
| | - Xing Tang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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2
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Value of quantifying ABC transporters by mass spectrometry and impact on in vitro-to-in vivo prediction of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions of rivaroxaban. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 148:27-37. [PMID: 31945490 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABC transporters, such as P-gp and BCRP, are involved in rivaroxaban pharmacokinetics and can lead to drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Investigations of the victim role for rivaroxaban and transporter-mediated DDI are commonly performed using in vitro models. However, interpretation of rivaroxaban efflux transport and DDI studies in cell models may be influenced by P-gp and BCRP transporter abundance. This study aimed to develop an LC-MS/MS quantification method for assessing the relationship between transporter expression and functionality in Caco-2ATCC, Caco-2ECACC, MDCK-MDR1, MDCK-BCRP cell models. First, the relative and absolute quantities of the transporters were determined by LC-MS/MS. P-gp and BCRP expression was then confirmed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Finally, P-gp and BCRP functional activities and half-inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of two specific inhibitors (verapamil and ko143) were determined by bidirectional transport experiments. P-gp and BCRP protein expression was detected at the cell membrane and was greater in the respective transfected models. Efflux ratios were correlated with P-gp and BCRP quantities. The lowest IC50s were obtained in the MDCK-MDR1 and MDCK-BCRP models for verapamil and ko143, respectively. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that LC-MS/MS can accurately quantify P-gp and BCRP efflux transporters and thereby improve the interpretation of transport data and in vitro-in vivo correlations.
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Pham-The H, Cabrera-Pérez MÁ, Nam NH, Castillo-Garit JA, Rasulev B, Le-Thi-Thu H, Casañola-Martin GM. In Silico Assessment of ADME Properties: Advances in Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Permeability Modeling. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 18:2209-2229. [PMID: 30499410 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666181130140350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One of the main goals of in silico Caco-2 cell permeability models is to identify those drug substances with high intestinal absorption in human (HIA). For more than a decade, several in silico Caco-2 models have been made, applying a wide range of modeling techniques; nevertheless, their capacity for intestinal absorption extrapolation is still doubtful. There are three main problems related to the modest capacity of obtained models, including the existence of inter- and/or intra-laboratory variability of recollected data, the influence of the metabolism mechanism, and the inconsistent in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) of Caco-2 cell permeability. This review paper intends to sum up the recent advances and limitations of current modeling approaches, and revealed some possible solutions to improve the applicability of in silico Caco-2 permeability models for absorption property profiling, taking into account the above-mentioned issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Pham-The
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Miguel Á Cabrera-Pérez
- Unit of Modeling and Experimental Biopharmaceutics, Chemical Bioactive Center, Central University of Las Villas, Santa Clara, 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba.,Department of Engineering, Area of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Miguel Hernández University, 03550 Sant Juan d'Alacant, Alicante, Spain
| | - Nguyen-Hai Nam
- Hanoi University of Pharmacy, 13-15 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Juan A Castillo-Garit
- Unidad de Toxicologia Experimental, Universidad de Ciencias Medicas "Dr. Serafín Ruiz de Zarate Ruiz" de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, 50200, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Bakhtiyor Rasulev
- Department of Coatings and Polymer Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, United States
| | - Huong Le-Thi-Thu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, 144 Xuan Thuy, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Gerardo M Casañola-Martin
- Department of Coatings and Polymer Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58102, United States
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4
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Dai XL, Chen JM, Lu TB. Pharmaceutical cocrystallization: an effective approach to modulate the physicochemical properties of solid-state drugs. CrystEngComm 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ce00707a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This highlight presents an update on applications of cocrystallization to modify properties relevant to efficacy, safety, and manufacturability of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Lin Dai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Sun Yat-Sen University
- Guangzhou 510006
- China
| | - Jia-Mei Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | - Tong-Bu Lu
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies
- Tianjin University of Technology
- Tianjin 300384
- China
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5
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Cellular Models and In Vitro Assays for the Screening of modulators of P-gp, MRP1 and BCRP. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040600. [PMID: 28397762 PMCID: PMC6153761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are highly expressed in tumor cells, as well as in organs involved in absorption and secretion processes, mediating the ATP-dependent efflux of compounds, both endogenous substances and xenobiotics, including drugs. Their expression and activity levels are modulated by the presence of inhibitors, inducers and/or activators. In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies with both known and newly synthesized P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inducers and/or activators have shown the usefulness of these transport mechanisms in reducing the systemic exposure and specific tissue access of potentially harmful compounds. This article focuses on the main ABC transporters involved in multidrug resistance [P-gp, multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)] expressed in tissues of toxicological relevance, such as the blood-brain barrier, cardiovascular system, liver, kidney and intestine. Moreover, it provides a review of the available cellular models, in vitro and ex vivo assays for the screening and selection of safe and specific inducers and activators of these membrane transporters. The available cellular models and in vitro assays have been proposed as high throughput and low-cost alternatives to excessive animal testing, allowing the evaluation of a large number of compounds.
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Fully automatic flow-based device for monitoring of drug permeation across a cell monolayer. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:971-81. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Tumey LN, Boschelli DH, Bhagirath N, Shim J, Murphy EA, Goodwin D, Bennett EM, Wang M, Lin LL, Press B, Shen M, Frisbie RK, Morgan P, Mohan S, Shin J, Rao VR. Identification and optimization of indolo[2,3-c]quinoline inhibitors of IRAK4. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2066-72. [PMID: 24726805 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
IRAK4 is responsible for initiating signaling from Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and members of the IL-1/18 receptor family. Kinase-inactive knock-ins and targeted deletions of IRAK4 in mice cause reductions in TLR induced pro-inflammatory cytokines and these mice are resistant to various models of arthritis. Herein we report the identification and optimization of a series of potent IRAK4 inhibitors. Representative examples from this series showed excellent selectivity over a panel of kinases, including the kinases known to play a role in TLR-mediated signaling. The compounds exhibited low nM potency in LPS- and R848-induced cytokine assays indicating that they are blocking the TLR signaling pathway. A key compound (26) from this series was profiled in more detail and found to have an excellent pharmaceutical profile as measured by predictive assays such as microsomal stability, TPSA, solubility, and clogP. However, this compound was found to afford poor exposure in mouse upon IP or IV administration. We found that removal of the ionizable solubilizing group (32) led to increased exposure, presumably due to increased permeability. Compounds 26 and 32, when dosed to plasma levels corresponding to ex vivo whole blood potency, were shown to inhibit LPS-induced TNFα in an in vivo murine model. To our knowledge, this is the first published in vivo demonstration that inhibition of the IRAK4 pathway by a small molecule can recapitulate the phenotype of IRAK4 knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nathan Tumey
- Pfizer Global R&D, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA.
| | | | - Niala Bhagirath
- Pfizer Global R&D, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Jaechul Shim
- Pfizer Global R&D, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | | | - Deborah Goodwin
- Pfizer Global R&D, 200 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Eric M Bennett
- Pfizer Global R&D, 87 Cambridgepark Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- Pfizer Global R&D, 1 Burtt Rd., Andover, MA 01810, USA
| | - Lih-Ling Lin
- Pfizer Global R&D, 200 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Barry Press
- Pfizer Global R&D, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Marina Shen
- Pfizer Global R&D, 200 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | | | - Paul Morgan
- Pfizer Global R&D, 200 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Shashi Mohan
- Pfizer Global R&D, 200 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Julia Shin
- Pfizer Global R&D, 200 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
| | - Vikram R Rao
- Pfizer Global R&D, 200 Cambridge Park Dr., Cambridge, MA 02140, USA
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8
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Heshmati N, Wagner B, Cheng X, Scholz T, Kansy M, Eisenbrand G, Fricker G. Physicochemical characterization and in vitro permeation of an indirubin derivative. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:467-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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9
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Oral treatment with etoposide in small cell lung cancer - dilemmas and solutions. Radiol Oncol 2013; 47:1-13. [PMID: 23450046 PMCID: PMC3573828 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2013-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Etoposide is a chemotherapeutic agent, widely used for the treatment of various malignancies, including small cell lung cancer (SCLC), an aggressive disease with poor prognosis. Oral etoposide administration exhibits advantages for the quality of life of the patient as well as economic benefits. However, widespread use of oral etoposide is limited by incomplete and variable bioavailability. Variability in bioavailability was observed both within and between patients. This suggests that some patients may experience suboptimal tumor cytotoxicity, whereas other patients may be at risk for excess toxicity. Conclusions The article highlights dilemmas as well as solutions regarding oral treatment with etoposide by presenting and analyzing relevant literature data. Numerous studies have shown that bioavailability of etoposide is influenced by genetic, physiological and environmental factors. Several strategies were explored to improve bioavailability and to reduce pharmacokinetic variability of oral etoposide, including desired and undesired drug interactions (e.g. with ketoconazole), development of suitable drug delivery systems, use of more water-soluble prodrug of etoposide, and influence on gastric emptying. In addition to genotype-based dose administration, etoposide is suitable for pharmacokinetically guided dosing, which enables dose adjustments in individual patient. Further, it is established that oral and intravenous schedules of etoposide in SCLC patients do not result in significant differences in treatment outcome, while results of toxicity are inconclusive. To conclude, the main message of the article is that better prediction of the pharmacokinetics of oral etoposide may encourage its wider use in routine clinical practice.
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10
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Yoshida K, Maeda K, Sugiyama Y. Hepatic and Intestinal Drug Transporters: Prediction of Pharmacokinetic Effects Caused by Drug-Drug Interactions and Genetic Polymorphisms. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2013; 53:581-612. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-011112-140309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Yoshida
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; ,
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan; ,
| | - Yuichi Sugiyama
- Sugiyama Laboratory, RIKEN Innovation Center, RIKEN Research Cluster for Innovation, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan;
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11
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The absorption and transport of magnolol in Caco-2 cell model. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 19:206-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1098-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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Yang Z, Wang JR, Niu T, Gao S, Yin T, You M, Jiang ZH, Hu M. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein leads to improved oral bioavailability of compound K, an anticancer metabolite of red ginseng extract produced by gut microflora. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1538-44. [PMID: 22584255 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.044008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides are hydrolyzed extensively by gut microflora after oral administration, and their metabolites are pharmacologically active against lung cancer cells. In this study, we measured the metabolism of various ginsenosides by gut microflora and determined the mechanisms responsible for the observed pharmacokinetic behaviors of its active metabolite, Compound K (C-K). The results showed that biotransformation into C-K is the major metabolic pathway of ginsenosides after the oral administration of the red ginseng extract containing both protopanaxadiol and protopanaxatriol ginsenosides. Pharmacokinetic studies in normal mice showed that C-K exhibited low oral bioavailability. To define the mechanisms responsible for this low bioavailability, two P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors, verapamil and cyclosporine A, were used, and their presence substantially decreased C-K's efflux ratio in Caco-2 cells (from 26.6 to <3) and significantly increased intracellular concentrations (by as much as 40-fold). Similar results were obtained when transcellular transport of C-K was determined using multidrug resistance 1 (MDR1)-overexpressing Madin-Darby canine kidney II cells. In MDR1a/b(-/-) FVB mice, its plasma C(max) and AUC(0-24h) were increased substantially by 4.0- and 11.7-fold, respectively. These increases appear to be due to slower elimination and faster absorption of C-K in MDR1a/b(-/-) mice. In conclusion, C-K is the major active metabolite of ginsenosides after microflora hydrolysis of primary ginsenosides in the red ginseng extract, and inhibition/deficiency of P-gp can lead to large enhancement of its absorption and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 1441 Moursund St., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Peternel L, Kristan K, Petruševska M, Rižner TL, Legen I. Suitability of Isolated Rat Jejunum Model for Demonstration of Complete Absorption in Humans for BCS-Based Biowaiver Request. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:1436-49. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/22/2011] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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14
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Fortuna A, Alves G, Falcão A, Soares-da-Silva P. Evaluation of the permeability and P-glycoprotein efflux of carbamazepine and several derivatives across mouse small intestine by the Ussing chamber technique. Epilepsia 2012; 53:529-38. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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15
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Stöllberger C, Finsterer J. Concerns regarding the use of dabigatran for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2012; 5:155-68. [PMID: 24288086 PMCID: PMC3763635 DOI: 10.3390/ph5020155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dabigatran is an oral thrombin inhibitor which has been approved in several countries as an alternative to vitamin-K-antagonists for the prevention of stroke or embolism in atrial fibrillation patients. Dabigatran is introduced into clinical practice, although many issues regarding this drug are still unclear, like laboratory monitoring, use in elderly patients, drug- and food-interactions and use in patients with renal insufficiency. Additionally, there is no antidote for dabigatran. Thus, aim of the present review is to give an overview of concerns and unresolved issues concerning dabigatran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stöllberger
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Second Medical Department, Juchgasse 25, Wien A-1030, Austria
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +43-1-945-4291; Fax: +43-1-945-4291
| | - Josef Finsterer
- Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Second Medical Department, Juchgasse 25, Wien A-1030, Austria
- Danube University Krems, Doktor-Karl-Dorrek-Straße 30, Krems A-3500, Austria;
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16
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Abuasal BS, Bolger MB, Walker DK, Kaddoumi A. In Silico Modeling for the Nonlinear Absorption Kinetics of UK-343,664: A P-gp and CYP3A4 Substrate. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:492-504. [DOI: 10.1021/mp200275j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bilal S. Abuasal
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical
Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
| | - Michael B. Bolger
- Simulations Plus, Inc., 42505 10th Street West, Lancaster, California
93534, United States
| | - Don K. Walker
- Department
of Drug Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Sandwich CT13
9NJ, U.K
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical
Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, Louisiana 71201, United States
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17
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Determination of Rhodamine 123 in rat plasma utilizing liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3943-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Kamel A, Colizza K, Gunduz M, Harriman S, Obach RS. In vitro-in vivo correlation for intrinsic clearance for CP-409,092 and sumatriptan: a case study to predict the in vivo clearance for compounds metabolized by monoamine oxidase. Xenobiotica 2011; 42:355-62. [PMID: 22106962 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.630490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative deamination of the GABA(A) partial agonist CP-409,092 and sumatriptan represents a major metabolic pathway and seems to play an important role for the clearance of these two compounds. Similar to sumatriptan, human mitochondrial incubations with deprenyl and clorgyline, probe inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-B and MAO-A), respectively, showed that CP-409,092 was metabolized to a large extent by the enzyme MAO-A. The metabolism of CP-409,092 and sumatriptan was therefore studied in human liver mitochondria and in vitro intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) values were determined and compared to the corresponding in vivo oral clearance (CL(PO)) values. The overall objective was to determine whether an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC) could be described for compounds cleared by MAO-A. The intrinsic clearance, CL(int), of CP-409,092 was approximately 4-fold greater than that of sumatriptan (CL(int), values were calculated as 0.008 and 0.002 ml/mg/min for CP-409,092 and sumatriptan, respectively). A similar correlation was observed from the in vivo metabolic data where the unbound oral clearance, CL(u)(PO), values in humans were calculated as 724 and 178 ml/min/kg for CP-409,092 and sumatriptan, respectively. The present work demonstrates that it is possible to predict in vivo metabolic clearance from in vitro metabolic data for drugs metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Kamel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Groton/New London Laboratories, Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, USA.
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Zhang J, Zheng Z, Gao Y, Zhang Y. Spray-dried oil-in-water emulsion to improve the intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of ZLR-8, a nitric oxide-releasing derivative of diclofenac. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 63:1531-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2011.01357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Spray-dried emulsion (SDE) was prepared and characterized to improve the intestinal absorption and oral bioavailability of ZLR-8, a nitric oxide-releasing derivative of diclofenac, currently under preclinical development.
Methods
The intestinal absorption of ZLR-8 was characterized by single pass intestinal perfusion technique to obtain its absorption and permeability parameters. SDE of ZLR-8 was prepared and characterized by particle size measurements and in-vitro release study. Accurate and precise RP-HPLC methods for the detection of ZLR-8 and its metabolite diclofenac were constructed to perform the bioavailability study.
Key findings
It was demonstrated that ZLR-8 was absorbed in the whole intestine, of which the duodenum segment exhibited the largest absorption ability. ZLR-8 can be classified into BCS Class 2. SDE significantly enhanced the intestinal absorption rate of ZLR-8 in duodenum and jejunum but had indistinctive effect on permeability. All concentrations of ZLR-8 in rat plasma was lower than the limit of detection. A bicompartment model gave the best fit to the plasma diclofenac concentration–time curves. Calculated on AUC0–12h, the mean relative bioavailability of SDE was 105.4-fold that of ZLR-8 suspension.
Conclusions
SDE significantly improved the intestinal absorption of ZLR-8 and resulted in a dramatic improvement in its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Zengjuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- Center of Drug Discovery, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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Dunn ST, Hedges L, Sampson KE, Lai Y, Mahabir S, Balogh L, Locuson CW. Pharmacokinetic Interaction of the Antiparasitic Agents Ivermectin and Spinosad in Dogs. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:789-95. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.034827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Hellinger É, Bakk ML, Pócza P, Tihanyi K, Vastag M. Drug penetration model of vinblastine-treated Caco-2 cultures. Eur J Pharm Sci 2010; 41:96-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2010.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2010] [Revised: 05/14/2010] [Accepted: 05/30/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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22
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Sugano K, Kansy M, Artursson P, Avdeef A, Bendels S, Di L, Ecker GF, Faller B, Fischer H, Gerebtzoff G, Lennernaes H, Senner F. Coexistence of passive and carrier-mediated processes in drug transport. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010; 9:597-614. [PMID: 20671764 DOI: 10.1038/nrd3187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The permeability of biological membranes is one of the most important determinants of the pharmacokinetic processes of a drug. Although it is often accepted that many drug substances are transported across biological membranes by passive transcellular diffusion, a recent hypothesis speculated that carrier-mediated mechanisms might account for the majority of membrane drug transport processes in biological systems. Based on evidence of the physicochemical characteristics and of in vitro and in vivo findings for marketed drugs, as well as results from real-life discovery and development projects, we present the view that both passive transcellular processes and carrier-mediated processes coexist and contribute to drug transport activities across biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyohiko Sugano
- Pfizer, Research Formulation, Sandwich Laboratories, Ramsgate Road, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, UK.
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23
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Ivanova L, Uhlig S, Eriksen G, Johannessen L. Enniatin B1 is a substrate of intestinal P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and breast cancer resistance protein. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2010. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2010.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Enniatins are cyclic hexadepsipeptides produced by various fungi, known to have ionophoric, antibiotic and insecticidal activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the intestinal absorption characteristics of enniatin B1 (ENN-B1). Using the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line, we found that the permeability of ENN-B1 in the basolateral to apical direction was 6.7× higher as compared to the permeability in the opposite direction, indicating involvement of apically located transporters. Transport of ENN-B1 in the apical to basolateral direction was increased significantly upon treatment of Caco-2 cells with the P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibitor verapamil and the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) inhibitor MK571, but only weakly and not significantly after treatment with the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) inhibitor fumitremorgin C. Additionally, MDCK II cells over-expressing Pgp, MRP2 or BCRP, showed reduced sensitivity towards ENN-B1. These data demonstrate for the first time that ENN-B1 is a substrate of MRP2 and suggests that Pgp, MRP2 and possibly BCRP are involved in transport of ENN-B1 across the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Ivanova
- National Veterinary Institute, Section for Chemistry, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - S. Uhlig
- National Veterinary Institute, Section for Chemistry, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - G. Eriksen
- National Veterinary Institute, Section for Chemistry, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - L. Johannessen
- National Veterinary Institute, Section for Chemistry, Ullevålsveien 68, P.O. Box 750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway
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Heikkinen AT, Korjamo T, Lepikkö V, Mönkkönen J. Effects of experimental setup on the apparent concentration dependency of active efflux transport in in vitro cell permeation experiments. Mol Pharm 2010; 7:605-17. [PMID: 20163161 DOI: 10.1021/mp9003089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
P-Glycoprotein mediated efflux is one of the barriers limiting drug absorption from the intestine. Predictions of the intestinal P-glycoprotein function need to take into account the concentration dependency because high intestinal drug concentrations may saturate P-glycoprotein. However, the substrate binding site of P-glycoprotein lies inside the cells and the drug concentration at the binding site cannot be measured directly. Therefore, rigorous determination of concentration dependent P-glycoprotein kinetics is challenging. In this study, the effects of the aqueous boundary layers, extracellular pH and cellular retention on the apparent saturation kinetics of P-glycoprotein mediated transport of quinidine in an in vitro cell permeation setting were explored. The changes in the experimental conditions caused 1 order of magnitude variation in the apparent affinity to P-glycoprotein (K(m,app)) and a 5-fold difference in the maximum effective P-glycoprotein mediated transport rate of quinidine (V(max,app)). However, fitting the concentration data into a compartmental model which accounted for the aqueous boundary layers, cell membranes and cellular retention suggested that the P-glycoprotein function per se was not altered, it was the differences in the passive transfer of quinidine which changed the apparent transport kinetics. These results provide further insight into the dynamics of the P-glycoprotein mediated transport and on the roles of several confounding factors involved in in vitro experimental setting. Further, the results confirm the applicability of compartmental model based data analysis approach in the determination of active transporter kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki T Heikkinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
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Stöllberger C, Finsterer J. Does dabigatran improve stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation? A rebuttal. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:1436-7; author reply 1438-9. [PMID: 20088945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Heikkinen AT, Korjamo T, Mönkkönen J. Modelling of Drug Disposition Kinetics inIn VitroIntestinal Absorption Cell Models. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 106:180-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2009.00504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Cheng J, Wu ZH, Ping QN, Wang B, Lu J. The absorption characteristics of bifendate solid dispersion in rat intestinal tissue. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010. [DOI: 10.3109/03639040903140571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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28
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Kiki-Mvouaka S, Ménez C, Borin C, Lyazrhi F, Foucaud-Vignault M, Dupuy J, Collet X, Alvinerie M, Lespine A. Role of P-glycoprotein in the disposition of macrocyclic lactones: A comparison between ivermectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin in mice. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:573-80. [PMID: 20089736 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.030700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) are lipophilic anthelmintics and substrates for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-binding cassette transporter involved in drug efflux out of both host and parasites. To evaluate the contribution of P-gp to the in vivo kinetic disposition of MLs, the plasma kinetics, brain concentration, and intestinal excretion of three structurally different MLs (ivermectin, eprinomectin, and moxidectin) were compared in wild-type and P-gp-deficient [mdr1ab(-/-)] mice. Each drug (0.2 mg/kg) was administered orally, intravenously, or subcutaneously to the mice. Plasma, brain, and intestinal tissue concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The intestinal excretion rate after intravenous administration was determined at different levels of the small intestine by using an in situ intestinal perfusion model. P-gp deficiency led to a significant increase in the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of ivermectin (1.5-fold) and eprinomectin (3.3-fold), whereas the moxidectin AUC was unchanged. Ivermectin and to a greater extent eprinomectin were both excreted by the intestine via a P-gp-dependent pathway, whereas moxidectin excretion was weaker and mostly P-gp-independent. The three drugs accumulated in the brains of the mdr1ab(-/-) mice, but eprinomectin concentrations were significantly lower. We concluded that eprinomectin disposition in mice is controlled mainly by P-gp efflux, more so than that of ivermectin, whereas moxidectin disposition appears to be mostly P-gp-independent. Given that eprinomectin and ivermectin have higher affinity for P-gp than moxidectin, these findings demonstrated that the relative affinity of MLs for P-gp could be predictive of the in vivo kinetic behavior of these drugs.
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Tumey LN, Bhagirath N, Brennan A, Brooijmans N, Lee J, Yang X, Boschelli DH. 5-Vinyl-3-pyridinecarbonitrile inhibitors of PKCθ: Optimization of enzymatic and functional activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:7933-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 10/08/2009] [Accepted: 10/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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