1
|
Microenvironmental pH Modification in Buccal/Sublingual Dosage Forms for Systemic Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020637. [PMID: 36839959 PMCID: PMC9961113 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Many drug candidates are poorly water-soluble. Microenvironmental pH (pHM) modification in buccal/sublingual dosage forms has attracted increasing interest as a promising pharmaceutical strategy to enhance the oral mucosal absorption of drugs with pH-dependent solubility. Optimizing drug absorption at the oral mucosa using pHM modification is considered to be a compromise between drug solubility and drug lipophilicity (Log D)/permeation. To create a desired pHM around formulations during the dissolution process, a suitable amount of pH modifiers should be added in the formulations, and the appropriate methods of pHM measurement are required. Despite pHM modification having been demonstrated to be effective in enhancing the oral mucosal absorption of drugs, some potential risks, such as oral mucosal irritation and teeth erosion caused by the pH modifiers, should not been neglected during the formulation design process. This review aims to provide a short introduction to the pHM modification concept in buccal/sublingual dosage forms, the properties of saliva related to pHM modification, as well as suitable drug candidates and pH modifiers for pHM modifying buccal/sublingual formulations. Additionally, the methods of pHM measurement, pHM modification methods and the corresponding challenges are summarized in the present review.
Collapse
|
2
|
Santos J, Lobato L, Vale N. Clinical pharmacokinetic study of latrepirdine via in silico sublingual administration. In Silico Pharmacol 2021; 9:29. [PMID: 33898159 DOI: 10.1007/s40203-021-00083-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, numerous in silico methodologies have been developed focused on the study of pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties of drugs. The study of the pharmacokinetic behavior of new chemical entities is an essential part of the successful development of a new drug and Gastroplus™ is a simulation software used to predict the pharmacokinetic behavior of chemical entities. Latrepirdine is a drug that has been studied for Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease and later abandoned by the pharmaceutical industry already in the clinical trials because it has not demonstrated therapeutic efficacy. During this project, through Gastroplus™ simulations, it was possible to achieve predicted values of Cmax coincident with those found in clinical trials, showing its utility in the prediction of pharmacokinetic parameters. Besides, sublingual delivery has the potential to offer improved bioavailability by circumventing first-pass metabolism. This study used GastroPlus™ to simulate sublingual administration of latrepirdine and the results showed improvements in bioavailability and plasma concentrations achieved though this route of administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joana Santos
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Lobato
- Department of Nephrology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Hospital de Santo António, Porto, Portugal.,Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu Y, Guo Y, Li B, Xu R, Fang X, Cao Y, Liu Z, Jiang C, Lu S. Influence of the p K a Value of Cinnamic Acid and P-Hydroxycinnamic Acid on the Solubility of a Lurasidone Hydrochloride-Based Coamorphous System. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:3106-3119. [PMID: 33553927 PMCID: PMC7860058 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Coamorphization of a poorly water-soluble active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) has been proven to be effective in improving its solubility. Generally, API can form multiple coamorphous systems with different coformers. However, it remains unclear how the pK a value of different coformers influences the solubility of the API. In this study, structurally related cinnamic acid (CA, pK a = 4.37) and p-hydroxycinnamic acid (pHCA, pK a = 4.65) were chosen as coformers for the coamorphization of lurasidone hydrochloride (LH). To investigate the influence of the pK a value of the coformers on the solubility of LH, LH-CA/pHCA coamorphous systems were prepared by the vacuum rotary evaporation method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to investigate the intermolecular interaction of the coamorphous systems. It was found that the solubility of LH in the coamorphous LH-pHAC with a higher-pK a coformer was higher than that of the coamorphous LH-CA. In addition, according to the solubility product principle-based formula derivation, we established the functional relationship between the solubility of LH and the pK a of the coformers at different-pH buffering solution. It was found that the coformer with a larger pK a value would be more beneficial to improve the solubility profile of LH. Collectively, the current study offers an effective strategy to improve the poor solubility of drugs by increasing the pK a value of the coformer in coamorphous systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yujie Guo
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Bin Li
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Renjie Xu
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Fang
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Yan Cao
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Zifan Liu
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School
of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern
Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- School
of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese
Medicine, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hu Y, Jiang C, Li B, Zhou L, Xu R, Guo Y, Cao Y, Cao G, Lu S. A novel lurasidone hydrochloride–shikimic acid co-amorphous system formed by hydrogen-bonding interaction with the retained pH-dependent solubility behavior. CrystEngComm 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce00952k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed at investigating the lurasidone hydrochloride–shikimic acid co-amorphous system using a new type of organic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- School of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan 430065
- PR China
| | - Cuiping Jiang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
- PR China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan 430065
- PR China
| | - Lijing Zhou
- School of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan 430065
- PR China
| | - Renjie Xu
- School of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan 430065
- PR China
| | - Yujie Guo
- School of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan 430065
- PR China
| | - Yan Cao
- School of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan 430065
- PR China
| | - Guosheng Cao
- School of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan 430065
- PR China
| | - Shan Lu
- School of Pharmacy
- Hubei University of Chinese Medicine
- Wuhan 430065
- PR China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heng W, Su M, Cheng H, Shen P, Liang S, Zhang L, Wei Y, Gao Y, Zhang J, Qian S. Incorporation of Complexation into a Coamorphous System Dramatically Enhances Dissolution and Eliminates Gelation of Amorphous Lurasidone Hydrochloride. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:84-97. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Linghe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts 01063, United States
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wenbin L, Rong W, Hua X, Juanhong Z, Xiaoyu W, Zhengping J. Effects on Pharmacokinetics of Propranolol and Other Factors in Rats After Acute Exposure to High Altitude at 4,010 m. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 72:27-36. [PMID: 25417059 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-0397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A series of pathological, physiological, and biochemical changes, even anatomical histological changes happen while humans arrive at the high plateau region from plain area. There is a certain relationship between the body's compensatory or decompensated adjustments to the environment and the changes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs. The objective of the study is to observe the effects of acute exposure to high altitude at 4,010 m on pharmacokinetics of propranolol in rats, and to provide basis and new ideas to adjust drug dosage and administration, so as to promote rational drug use in high altitude. 28 healthy male wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups, group A and B which were in plain area; group C and D which were acutely exposed to high altitude by aviation; group A and C were used for pharmacokinetics determination of propranolol, while group B and D had no drug administration for physiological and pathological changes research at high altitude. The pharmacokinetics of propranolol significantly changed; area under curve, C max (the peak concentration), mean residence time, and t 1/2 (the biological half-life) increased significantly by 481.72, 398.94, 44.87, and 58.77 %, respectively; clearance and V (apparent volume of distribution) decreased by 81.50 and 70.56 %, respectively, after acute exposure to high altitude at 4,010 m; Analytic results show that pH, buffer base, base excess, ctCO2 (content of total carbon dioxide), sO2 (oxygen saturation of arterial blood), pO2 (oxygen tension of arterial blood), and cNa(+) severely decreased by 2.43, 630.00, 311.00, 11.48, 91.38, 76.22, and 2.82 %, respectively, while pCO2 (carbon dioxide tension of arterial blood) and cCl(-) significantly increased by 47.40 and 6.76 %. Lactate dehydrogenase and total protein significantly decreased by 58.44 and 26.82 %, while total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase severely increased by 338 and 24.94 % after acute exposure to high altitude at 4,010 m. Pathological research shows that alveolar wall is hyperemic, edematous, and incrassate; alveolus epithelium becomes hyperplastic while neutrophilic granulocytes infiltrate; brain neurons are edematous and perivascular space occurred; neurons of seahorse are metamorphic and karyopyknotic; mesangial cells are hyperplastic in kidney glomerulus tissue. We should reduce the dosage or extend the dosing interval in high altitude to maintain the drug concentration in therapeutic window since velocity of metabolism and excretion are reduced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Wenbin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Key Laboratory of the Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wang Rong
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Xie Hua
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Zhang Juanhong
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Wu Xiaoyu
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, China
| | - Jia Zhengping
- Key Laboratory of the Plateau Environmental Damage Control, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Command, PLA, Lanzhou, 730050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scaturro AL, De Caro V, Campisi G, Giannola LI. Potential transbuccal delivery of l-DOPA methylester prodrug: stability in the environment of the oral cavity and ability to cross the mucosal tissue. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:2355-2362. [PMID: 25533875 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.987332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Scaturro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy and
| | - Viviana De Caro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy and
| | - Giuseppina Campisi
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche (Di.Chir.On.S.), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Libero Italo Giannola
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy and
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Overview and appraisal of the current concept and technologies for improvement of sublingual drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:807-16. [DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sublingual drug delivery is capable of achieving high bioavailability by avoiding first-pass liver extraction and enzymatic degradation in the gastrointestinal tract, as well as achieving rapid onset of effect. Thus, this route of administration can offer attractive therapeutic advantages for certain drugs as a convenient substitute for parenteral administration and has been applied successfully to a number of therapeutic conditions, especially urgent cardiovascular conditions and acute severe pain control. However, due to inherent limitations such as small sublingual mucosa area for absorption, primarily passive mechanism of transport, short residence time, and potential local irritation, a relatively small number of sublingual products have been successfully developed to date. In this Review, key concepts and technologies for potential improvement of sublingual drug delivery are reviewed. The optimal application of these concepts and technologies, together with clinical need for non-parenteral delivery, will hopefully broaden the development of sublingual drug delivery in the future.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ex Vivo Correlation of the Permeability of Metoprolol Across Human and Porcine Buccal Mucosa. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2053-2061. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
10
|
Meng-Lund E, Jacobsen J, Andersen MB, Jespersen ML, Karlsson JJ, Garmer M, Jørgensen EB, Holm R. Conscious and anaesthetised Göttingen mini-pigs as anin-vivomodel for buccal absorption – pH-dependent absorption of metoprolol from bioadhesive tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2014; 40:604-10. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2014.884119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
11
|
In vitro, ex vivo and in vivo examination of buccal absorption of metoprolol with varying pH in TR146 cell culture, porcine buccal mucosa and Göttingen minipigs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:117-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Wang Y, Wang Z, Zuo Z, Tomlinson B, Lee BTK, Bolger MB, Chow MSS. Clinical pharmacokinetics of buffered propranolol sublingual tablet (Promptol™)-application of a new "physiologically based" model to assess absorption and disposition. AAPS JOURNAL 2013; 15:787-96. [PMID: 23605805 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-013-9479-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Sublingual administration of certain buffered propranolol may improve the rate and extent of absorption compared to oral administration. The main objectives of this study were to (1) compare the plasma propranolol concentrations (Cp-prop) following sublingual administration of a specially buffered formulation (Promptol™) to that following oral administration of Inderal(®) and (2) evaluate the utility of a special pharmacokinetic model in describing the Cp-prop following sublingual administration. Eighteen healthy volunteers received 10 mg sublingual Promptol™ or oral Inderal(®). Multiple Cp-prop were determined and their pharmacokinetics compared. Additional data following sublingual 40 mg Promptol™ or Inderal(®) were utilized for evaluation of a special advanced compartmental absorption and transit (ACAT) model. For model simulation, the physicochemical parameters were imported from AMET predictor, whereas the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and optimized by Gastroplus(®). Based on this model, the quantity of drug absorbed via buccal/sublingual mucosa was estimated. Cp-prop was higher at earlier times with 3-fold greater relative bioavailability following sublingual Promptol™ compared to that from oral Inderal(®). The special ACAT model provided excellent goodness of fit of Cp-prop-time curve and estimated a 56.6% increase in absorption rate from Promptol™ and higher initial Cp-prop compared to the regular formulation. The modified ACAT model provided a useful approach to describe sublingual absorption of propranolol and clearly demonstrated an improvement of absorption of Promptol™. The sublingual 10 mg Promptol™ achieved not only a similar systemic exposure as 30 mg oral Inderal(®) but an earlier effective Cp-prop which may be advantageous for certain clinical conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfeng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mahmoud AA, Salah S. Fast relief from migraine attacks using fast-disintegrating sublingual zolmitriptan tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2011; 38:762-9. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2011.625949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
14
|
Patel VF, Liu F, Brown MB. Advances in oral transmucosal drug delivery. J Control Release 2011; 153:106-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
15
|
Leithner K, Grabovac V, Albrecht K, Hombach J, Klima G, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Permeation studies on freshly excised rat gastric mucosa: influence of pH. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2010; 37:518-25. [DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2010.527348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|