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Kyser AJ, Mahmoud MY, Herold SE, Lewis WG, Lewis AL, Steinbach-Rankins JM, Frieboes HB. Formulation and characterization of pressure-assisted microsyringe 3D-printed scaffolds for controlled intravaginal antibiotic release. Int J Pharm 2023; 641:123054. [PMID: 37207856 PMCID: PMC10330500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a highly recurrent vaginal condition linked with many health complications. Topical antibiotic treatments for BV are challenged with drug solubility in vaginal fluid, lack of convenience and user adherence to daily treatment protocols, among other factors. 3D-printed scaffolds can provide sustained antibiotic delivery to the female reproductive tract (FRT). Silicone vehicles have been shown to provide structural stability, flexibility, and biocompatibility, with favorable drug release kinetics. This study formulates and characterizes novel metronidazole-containing 3D-printed silicone scaffolds for eventual application to the FRT. Scaffolds were evaluated for degradation, swelling, compression, and metronidazole release in simulated vaginal fluid (SVF). Scaffolds retained high structural integrity and sustained release. Minimal mass loss (<6%) and swelling (<2%) were observed after 14 days in SVF, relative to initial post-cure measurements. Scaffolds cured for 24 hr (50 °C) demonstrated elastic behavior under 20% compression and 4.0 N load. Scaffolds cured for 4 hr (50 °C), followed by 72 hr (4 °C), demonstrated the highest, sustained, metronidazole release (4.0 and 27.0 µg/mg) after 24 hr and 14 days, respectively. Based upon daily release profiles, it was observed that the 24 hr timepoint had the greatest metronidazole release of 4.08 μg/mg for scaffolds cured at 4 hr at 50 °C followed by 72 hr at 4 °C. For all curing conditions, release of metronidazole after 1 and 7 days showed > 4.0-log reduction in Gardnerella concentration. Negligible cytotoxicity was observed in treated keratinocytes comparable to untreated cells, This study shows that pressure-assisted microsyringe 3D-printed silicone scaffolds may provide a versatile vehicle for sustained metronidazole delivery to the FRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J Kyser
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Mohamed Y Mahmoud
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Sydney E Herold
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Warren G Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Amanda L Lewis
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Jill M Steinbach-Rankins
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
| | - Hermann B Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville Speed School of Engineering, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA; UofL Health - Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Rapalli VK, Mahmood A, Waghule T, Gorantla S, Kumar Dubey S, Alexander A, Singhvi G. Revisiting techniques to evaluate drug permeation through skin. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1829-1842. [PMID: 34826250 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.2010702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investigating the transportation of a drug molecule through various layers of skin and determining the amount of drug retention in skin layers is of prime importance in transdermal and topical drug delivery. The information regarding drug permeation and retention in skin layers aids in optimizing a formulation and provides insight into the therapeutic efficacy of a formulation. AREAS COVERED This perspective covers various methods that have been explored to estimate drug/therapeutics in skin layers using in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo conditions. In vitro methods such as diffusion techniques, ex vivo methods such as isolated perfused skin models and in vivo techniques including dermato-pharmacokinetics employing tape stripping, and microdialysis are discussed. Application of all techniques at various stages of formulation development where various local and systemic effects need to be considered. EXPERT OPINION The void in the existing methodologies necessitates improvement in the field of dermatologic research. Standardization of protocols, experimental setups, regulatory guidelines, and further research provides information to select an alternative for human skin to perform skin permeation experiments to increase the reliability of data generated through the available techniques. There is a need to utilize multiple techniques for appropriate dermato-pharmacokinetics evaluation and formulation's efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamshi Krishna Rapalli
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Arisha Mahmood
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Tejashree Waghule
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Srividya Gorantla
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Medical Research, R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, Kolkata, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Industrial Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
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Davis DA, Martins PP, Zamloot MS, Kucera SA, Williams RO, Smyth HDC, Warnken ZN. Complex Drug Delivery Systems: Controlling Transdermal Permeation Rates with Multiple Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:165. [PMID: 32500420 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) is generally designed to deliver an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) through the skin for systemic action. Permeation of an API through the skin is controlled by adjusting drug concentration, formulation composition, and patch design. A bilayer, drug-in-adhesive TDDS design may allow improved modulation of the drug release profile by facilitating varying layer thicknesses and drug spatial distribution across each layer. We hypothesized that the co-release of two fixed-dose APIs from a bilayer TDDS could be controlled by modifying spatial distribution and layer thickness while maintaining the same overall formulation composition. Franz cell diffusion studies demonstrated that three different bilayer patch designs, with different spatial distribution of drug and layer thicknesses, could modulate drug permeation and be compared with a reference single-layer monolith patch design. Compared with the monolith, decreased opioid antagonist permeation while maintaining fentanyl permeation could be achieved using a bilayer design. In addition, modulation of the drug spatial distribution and individual layer thicknesses, control of each drug's permeation could be independently achieved. Bilayer patch performance did not change over an 8-week period in accelerated stability storage conditions. In conclusion, modifying the patch design of a bilayer TDDS achieves an individualized permeation of each API while maintaining constant patch composition.
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Jojo GM, Kuppusamy G, De A, Karri VVSNR. Formulation and optimization of intranasal nanolipid carriers of pioglitazone for the repurposing in Alzheimer's disease using Box-Behnken design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2019; 45:1061-1072. [PMID: 30922126 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1593439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia among the elderly is a metabolic disorder associated with impaired brain insulin signaling. Hence, the diabetic drug can be a therapeutic option for the management AD. The researches in this area are ongoing and Pioglitazone (PIO) is one of the most investigated diabetic drug in AD. Eventhough PIO treatment was found to improve AD significantly in the preclinical models, the poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and serious peripheral side effects limited its success in the clinical trials. The objective of the present study was to formulate and optimize intranasal (IN) nano lipid carriers (NLC) of PIO for its targeted delivery to the brain. A Box-Behnken design was employed to optimize the effect of three independent variables on two dependent variables. The optimized formulation had a particle size (PS) of 211.4 ± 3.54 nm and zeta potential of (ZP) of 14.9 ± 1.09 mv. The polydispersibility index (PDI) and entrapment efficiency (EE) was found to be 0.257 ± 0.108 and 70.18 ± 4.5% respectively. Storage stability studies performed has confirmed the stability of NLCs at 4 °C and 25 °C. The in-vitro drug release study has exhibited a sustained release of drug from the NLC. The formulation was observed to improve the nasal permeability of PIO ex-vivo significantly. Toxicity studies were performed to confirm the safety of formulation for the in-vivo administration. In-vivo biodistribution study in rats has shown a direct transport of drug from the nose to brain from the IN-NLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gifty M Jojo
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy , Ootacamund, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research , Mysuru , India
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy , Ootacamund, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research , Mysuru , India
| | - Anindita De
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy , Ootacamund, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research , Mysuru , India
| | - V V S Narayan Reddy Karri
- a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy , Ootacamund, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research , Mysuru , India
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Adiraj Iyer M, Eddington DT. Storing and releasing rhodamine as a model hydrophobic compound in polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:574-579. [PMID: 30681692 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00039a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a ubiquitous material used in soft lithography and microfluidics. Due to its hydrophobic nature, PDMS tends to absorb small hydrophobic molecules, and is seen as a major disadvantage of the material in pharmaceutical and cell culture studies. While there have been extensive reports of attempts to treat PDMS to limit or block this absorption, little attention has been given to using this property as a feature in microfluidic devices. In this work, we leverage the ability of PDMS to store hydrophobic molecules inside the PDMS matrix and release them over time in a sustained manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adiraj Iyer
- Dept of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA.
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Gehrke M, Verin J, Gnansia D, Tourrel G, Risoud M, Vincent C, Siepmann F, Siepmann J. Hybrid Ear Cubes for local controlled dexamethasone delivery to the inner ear. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 126:23-32. [PMID: 29723597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A new type of miniaturized implants for local controlled drug delivery to the inner ear is proposed: Hybrid Ear Cubes. They are composed of two main parts: (i) a cylinder, which is placed into a tiny hole (<0.4 mm) drilled into (or close to) the oval (or round) window, and (ii) a cuboid, which is placed into the middle ear. The drug is released at a pre-programmed rate into the perilymph: (i) via the cylindrical part of the implant, which is in direct contact with this liquid, and (ii) via diffusion from the cuboid through the oval/round window. Importantly, the cylindrical part assures a reliable fixation of the drug delivery system at the site of administration. Furthermore, the cuboid provides a relatively "large" drug reservoir, without expulsing perilymph from the cochlea. The required surgery is minimized compared to the placement of an intracochlear implant. In contrast to previously proposed Ear Cubes, which are mono-block systems, Hybrid Ear Cubes consist of two halves, which can: (i) be loaded with different drugs, (ii) be loaded with the same drug at different concentrations, and/or (iii) be based on two different matrix formers. This offers a substantially increased formulation flexibility. Different types of silicone-based Hybrid Ear Cubes were prepared, loaded with 10% dexamethasone in one half and 0-60% dexamethasone in the other half. Importantly, tiny drug crystals were homogeneously distributed throughout the respective implant halves. The observed drug release rates were very low (e.g., <0.5% after 2 months), which can be attributed to the type of drug and silicone as well as to the very small surface area exposed to the release medium. Importantly, no noteworthy implant swelling was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gehrke
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Verin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - D Gnansia
- Oticon Medical/Neurelec, R&D, 2720 Chemin Saint-Bernard, F-06224 Vallauris, France
| | - G Tourrel
- Oticon Medical/Neurelec, R&D, 2720 Chemin Saint-Bernard, F-06224 Vallauris, France
| | - M Risoud
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - C Vincent
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - F Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Siepmann
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1008, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Guo F, Zhang W, Pei X, Shen X, Yan Q, Li H, Yun J, Yang G. Biodegradable star-shaped polycyclic ester elastomers: Preparation, degradability, protein release, and biocompatibility in vitro. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911516664194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Effective local delivery methods for sustained and stable release of protein drugs are urgently needed. Biodegradable elastomers based on star-shaped polycyclic esters have received attention for their drug-loading and drug-release kinetics. However, the long degradation periods resulting from their strong lipophilicity greatly hinder their application. In this study, we synthesized new cross-linked elastomers based on methyl-acrylic-star-poly(ϵ-caprolactone- co-d,l-lactide) cyclic ester and methyl-bi-acrylic-poly(ϵ-caprolactone-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-ϵ-caprolactone) with different molecular weights; determined their physical, thermal, and morphological characteristics; and studied their in vitro degradation and release of bovine serum albumin and recombinant human interleukin 2. Elastomer hydrophilicity improved with the introduction of methyl-bi-acrylic-poly(ϵ-caprolactone-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-ϵ-caprolactone), and a shorter degradation period (~25 weeks) was achieved. Additionally, the degradation rate could be adjusted by varying the composition of methyl-bi-acrylic-poly(ϵ-caprolactone-b-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-ϵ-caprolactone) to directly influence the degree of swelling, cross-linking density, and sol content of the elastomer. The controlled rate of bovine serum albumin and recombinant human interleukin 2 release increased with a larger degree of swelling, higher sol content, and lower cross-link density of the elastomers. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide analysis showed good biocompatibility. These results suggest that these new elastomers are potential candidates for carrier materials in controlled, implantable delivery systems for protein drugs and other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Guo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Pei
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xia Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qinying Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hanbing Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxian Yun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Gensheng Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Ruela ALM, Perissinato AG, Lino MEDS, Mudrik PS, Pereira GR. Evaluation of skin absorption of drugs from topical and transdermal formulations. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/s1984-82502016000300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Pawar J, Tayade A, Gangurde A, Moravkar K, Amin P. Solubility and dissolution enhancement of efavirenz hot melt extruded amorphous solid dispersions using combination of polymeric blends: A QbD approach. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 88:37-49. [PMID: 27049050 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Efavirenz is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and categorized in to BCS class II drug. The aim of the present investigation was to apply quality by design approach to enhance the solubility, dissolution and stability of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of efavirenz using a combination of Soluplus® and HPMCAS-HF polymers. In design of experiments, the user defined quadratic model was used to study the effect of variable concentrations of Soluplus® and HPMCAS-HF for the formation of ASDs of efavirenz. Similarly, a prototype ASD was made using Soluplus® as a carrier with efavirenz loading of 30%. The efavirenz ASDs granular extrudates were evaluated for saturation solubility as well as dissolution rate studies. X-ray powder diffraction, Differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared, Atomic force microscopy and FTIR imaging to determine the solid state of efavirenz in the ASDs. DSC and XRD data confirmed that bulk crystalline efavirenz transformed to the amorphous form during the hot melt extrusion processing. Prototype ASD batch showed instability upon storage as per ICH guidelines over a period of 6months, observations inferred from DSC, XRD and in vitro dissolution studies. The maximum dissolution rate was observed when Soluplus® and HPMCAS-HF was in ratio of (60:20) as optimized by design of experiments study. Moreover, the optimized ASDs batch were stable at 40°C, 75% RH for a period of 6months without any dissolution rate changes, and remained into amorphous state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaywant Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, University under Section-3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India.
| | - Apurva Tayade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, University under Section-3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Avinash Gangurde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, University under Section-3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Kailas Moravkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, University under Section-3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Purnima Amin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai, University under Section-3 of UGC Act-1956, Elite Status & Centre of Excellence - Govt. of Maharashtra, N. P. Marg, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, India
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Sahariah P, Snorradóttir BS, Hjálmarsdóttir MÁ, Sigurjónsson ÓE, Másson M. Experimental design for determining quantitative structure activity relationship for antibacterial chitosan derivatives. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4762-4770. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00546b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Experimental design was utilized for synthesis and optimization of antimicrobial chitosan derivatives and for the development of their structure–activity relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sahariah
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Health Sciences
- University of Iceland
- IS-107 Reykjavík
- Iceland
| | - Bergthóra S. Snorradóttir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Health Sciences
- University of Iceland
- IS-107 Reykjavík
- Iceland
| | | | | | - Már Másson
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- School of Health Sciences
- University of Iceland
- IS-107 Reykjavík
- Iceland
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Rheology as a Tool to Predict the Release of Alpha-Lipoic Acid from Emulsions Used for the Prevention of Skin Aging. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:818656. [PMID: 26788510 PMCID: PMC4695648 DOI: 10.1155/2015/818656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The availability of an active substance through the skin depends basically on two consecutive steps: the release of this substance from the vehicle and its subsequent permeation through the skin. Hence, studies on the specific properties of vehicles, such as their rheological behavior, are of great interest in the field of dermatological products. Recent studies have shown the influence of the rheological features of a vehicle on the release of drugs and active compounds from the formulation. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the rheological features of two different emulsion formulations on the release of alpha-lipoic acid. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) was chosen for this study because of its antioxidant characteristics, which could be useful for the prevention of skin diseases and aging. The rheological and mechanical behavior and the in vitro release profile were assayed. The results showed that rheological features, such as viscosity, thixotropy, and compliance, strongly influenced the release of ALA from the emulsion and that the presence of a hydrophilic polymer in one of the emulsions was an important factor affecting the rheology and, therefore, the release of ALA.
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12
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Mojsiewicz-Pieńkowska K, Jamrógiewicz M, Żebrowska M, Mikolaszek B, Sznitowska M. Double layer adhesive silicone dressing as a potential dermal drug delivery film in scar treatment. Int J Pharm 2015; 481:18-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Snorradóttir BS, Jónsdóttir F, Sigurdsson ST, Másson M. Numerical modelling of transdermal delivery from matrix systems: parametric study and experimental validation with silicone matrices. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2366-75. [PMID: 24984880 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A model is presented for transdermal drug delivery from single-layered silicone matrix systems. The work is based on our previous results that, in particular, extend the well-known Higuchi model. Recently, we have introduced a numerical transient model describing matrix systems where the drug dissolution can be non-instantaneous. Furthermore, our model can describe complex interactions within a multi-layered matrix and the matrix to skin boundary. The power of the modelling approach presented here is further illustrated by allowing the possibility of a donor solution. The model is validated by a comparison with experimental data, as well as validating the parameter values against each other, using various configurations with donor solution, silicone matrix and skin. Our results show that the model is a good approximation to real multi-layered delivery systems. The model offers the ability of comparing drug release for ibuprofen and diclofenac, which cannot be analysed by the Higuchi model because the dissolution in the latter case turns out to be limited. The experiments and numerical model outlined in this study could also be adjusted to more general formulations, which enhances the utility of the numerical model as a design tool for the development of drug-loaded matrices for trans-membrane and transdermal delivery.
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Meyer S, Heinsohn G, Wolber R, Pörtner R, Nierle J. Confocal Raman investigation of diffusion processes in monolithic type transdermal drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:1103-1110. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.889778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Jain K, Sood S, Gowthamarajan K. Optimization of artemether-loaded NLC for intranasal delivery using central composite design. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:940-54. [PMID: 24512368 PMCID: PMC11132714 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.885999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to optimize artemether-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (ARM-NLC) for intranasal delivery using central composite design. ARM-NLC was prepared by microemulsion method with optimized formulation having particle size of 123.4 nm and zeta potential of -34.4 mV. Differential scanning calorimetry and powder X-ray diffraction studies confirmed that drug existed in amorphous form in NLC formulation. In vitro cytotoxicity assay using SVG p12 cell line and nasal histopathological studies on sheep nasal mucosa indicated the developed formulations were non-toxic and safe for intranasal administration. In vitro release studies revealed that NLC showed sustained release up to 96 h. Ex vivo diffusion studies using sheep nasal mucosa revealed that ARM-NLC had significantly lower flux compared to drug solution (ARM-SOL). Pharmacokinetic and brain uptake studies in Wistar rats showed significantly higher drug concentration in brain in animals treated intranasally (i.n.) with ARM-NLC. Brain to blood ratios for ARM-NLC (i.n.), ARM-SOL (i.n.) and ARM-SOL (i.v.) were 2.619, 1.642 and 0.260, respectively, at 0.5 h indicating direct nose to brain transport of ARM. ARM-NLC showed highest drug targeting efficiency and drug transport percentage of 278.16 and 64.02, respectively, which indicates NLC had better brain targeting efficiency compared to drug solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Jain
- J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Rocklands, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sumeet Sood
- J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Rocklands, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kuppusamy Gowthamarajan
- J.S.S. College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics, Rocklands, Udhagamandalam, Tamil Nadu, India
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Li X, Zhang R, Liang R, Liu W, Wang C, Su Z, Sun F, Li Y. Preparation and characterization of sustained-release rotigotine film-forming gel. Int J Pharm 2014; 460:273-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Bermudez JM, Cid AG, Ramírez-Rigo MV, Quinteros D, Simonazzi A, Sánchez Bruni S, Palma S. Challenges and opportunities in polymer technology applied to veterinary medicine. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2013; 37:105-24. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. M. Bermudez
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - A. G. Cid
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - M. V. Ramírez-Rigo
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI); Universidad Nacional del Sur; CONICET; Bahía Blanca Argentina
| | - D. Quinteros
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Departamento de Farmacia; Unidad de investigación y desarrollo en tecnología farmacéutica (UNITEFA); CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - A. Simonazzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones para la Industria Química (INIQUI); Universidad Nacional de Salta; CONICET; Salta Argentina
| | - S. Sánchez Bruni
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN); Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Pcia. de Buenos Aires; CONICET; Tandil Argentina
| | - S. Palma
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Departamento de Farmacia; Unidad de investigación y desarrollo en tecnología farmacéutica (UNITEFA); CONICET; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
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Pasqualone M, Oberti TG, Andreetta HA, Cortizo MS. Fumarate copolymers-based membranes overlooking future transdermal delivery devices: synthesis and properties. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2013; 24:1683-1692. [PMID: 23588672 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Novel copolymers of vinyl acetate and dialkylfumarates, poly(VA-co-DRF) with R = isopropyl (DIPF) or octan-2-yl (DOF), were synthesized by radical copolymerization under microwave conditions. The products were characterized by (1)H NMR and FTIR spectroscopies, size exclusion chromatography and differential scanning calorimetry. Based on these copolymers three membranes supported on polyvinyl alcohol were prepared and their morphology, swelling and mechanical properties were studied. The swelling kinetic was analyzed and interpreted in light of the Fick transport model, showing that the water transport occurs through a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The results show that the membrane prepared of poly(VA-co-DOF) exhibited excellent properties as potential platform for transdermal delivery system: they exhibited good tensile strength, moderated swelling and form thin and transparent films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magalí Pasqualone
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), CONICET, CCT, La Plata, Argentina
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Snorradóttir BS, Jónsdóttir F, Sigurdsson ST, Thorsteinsson F, Másson M. Numerical modelling and experimental investigation of drug release from layered silicone matrix systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 49:671-8. [PMID: 23684932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Medical devices and polymeric matrix systems that release drugs or other bioactive compounds are of interest for a variety of applications. The release of the drug can be dependent on a number of factors such as the solubility, diffusivity, dissolution rate and distribution of the solid drug in the matrix. Achieving the goal of an optimal release profile can be challenging when relying solely on traditional experimental work. Accurate modelling complementing experimentation is therefore desirable. Numerical modelling is increasingly becoming an integral part of research and development due to the significant advances in computer simulation technology. This work focuses on numerical modelling and investigation of multi-layered silicone matrix systems. A numerical model that can be used to model multi-layered systems was constructed and validated by comparison with experimental data. The model could account for the limited dissolution rate and effect of the drug distribution on the release profiles. Parametric study showed how different factors affect the characteristics of drug release. Multi-layered medical silicone matrices were prepared in special moulds, where the quantity of drug in each layer could be varied, and release was investigated with Franz-diffusion cell setup. Data for long-term release was fitted to the model and the full depletion of the system predicted. The numerical model constructed for this study, whose input parameters are the diffusion, effective dissolution rate and dimensional solubility coefficients, does not require any type of steady-state approximation. These results indicate that numerical model can be used as a design tool for development of controlled release systems such as drug-loaded medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bergthóra S Snorradóttir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Iceland, Hofsvallagata 53, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
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Ma J, Wang C, Luo H, Zhu Z, Wu Y, Wang H. Design and evaluation of a monolithic drug-in-adhesive patch for testosterone based on styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:2221-34. [PMID: 23650152 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to design and evaluate a monolithic drug-in-adhesive patch with a novel pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) matrix based on styrene-isoprene-styrene (SIS) block copolymer. Testosterone was selected as the model drug. The orthogonal array design for ternary mixtures was employed to optimize the amounts of SIS, C-5 hydrocarbon resin, and liquid paraffin. The drug release percentage, water vapor permeability, adhesive properties were chosen as response variables. The patch formulation was optimized by investigating the effects of the drug loading capacity, the type, and amount of permeation enhancer on the adhesive properties and skin permeation. The compositions of the optimal matrix were: 120 g of SIS copolymer, 120 g of C-5 hydrocarbon resin, 60 g of liquid paraffin. An optimized formulation with maximum skin permeation and acceptable adhesive properties was developed incorporating 2% testosterone and 6% isopropyl myristate. No significant differences for in vitro release, skin permeation, and in vivo absorption were observed between the optimal formulation and Testopatch®. The stability evaluation showed that the patches were stable at 25°C/60% relative humidity for 6 months. The result indicated that SIS copolymer was a suitable and compatible polymer for the development of PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Ma
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering and Research Center, China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai 201203, China
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