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Hou Z, Shi D, Lin J, Zhao X, Zhang H, Ding J. Effect of ion pair strategy on transdermal delivery of guanfacine: Which factor dominates drug permeation? Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123835. [PMID: 38262582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Ion pair is an effective chemical approach to promoting drug transdermal permeation, and the traditional interpretation for its enhanced permeation effect is mainly attributed to counterions altering the physicochemical properties of the drug (lipophilicity, melting point, etc.). In this work, guanfacine (GFC), a non-stimulant for anti-attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), was used as a model drug, and several organic or inorganic acids were designed thereby successfully constructing ion pairs. The transdermal permeation ability of ion pairs through isolated porcine skin was observed and ranked as follows: guanfacine caprylate (GFC-CA) > GFC > guanfacine laurate (GFC-LA) > guanfacine fumarate (GFC-FA) > guanfacine hydrochloride (GFC-HA) > guanfacine palmitate (GFC-PA). The effect of key physicochemical properties (octanol-water partition coefficient, molecular volume, melting point) on the transdermal permeation rate of the model drug was analyzed in detail. In addition, GFC-CA was observed to alter the lipid structure of the skin, suggesting the traditional explanation of the action of ion pair may be inadequate and underrated, and ion pair may also enhance permeation by disrupting skin structure. The intriguing phenomenon is expected to provide a novel approach to achieving precise transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Hou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Difu Shi
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Jianing Lin
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Xiangcheng Zhao
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China; Changsha Jingyi Pharmaceutical Technology Co., LTD, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China
| | - Jinsong Ding
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410006, China.
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Liang Y, Duan M, Yi W, Zhang T, Wang Y, Wu Z, Tang H. Ion-pair compounds of diacerein for enhancing skin permeability in vitro: the compatibility-permeability relationship of counter ion and diacerein. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:499-505. [PMID: 35147054 PMCID: PMC8843160 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2032877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to investigate how the relationship between counter ion and diacerein (DCN) exerts an effect on the skin penetration of DCN ion-pair compounds. After the ion-pair compounds were formed by DCN and organic amines with different functional groups, the hydrogen bond of these compounds was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and molecular docking. The skin of porcine ears was employed to conduct the in vitro skin penetration, DCN - triethanolamine was the most potential candidate with the Q24h of 7.89 ± 0.38 µg/cm2 among organic amines with different functional groups. Whereas among the homologous fatty amine, the most permeable compound was DCN - lauryl amine with the Q24h of 11.28 ± 0.48 µg/cm2. Molecular simulation was employed to explore the relationship between counter ion and DCN. It was revealed by the bind energy curve that DCN had the strongest compatibility with triethanolamine among organic amines and laurylamine (N12) among fatty amines. It was amazingly found that the in vitro permeation fluxes of DCN ion-pair compounds would increase with enhancing the compatibility of counter ion and DCN. These findings broadened our understanding of how the relationship between drug and counter ion affects the skin penetration of ion-pair compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Manzhen Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Zhiming Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
| | - Huaibo Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
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Ion-Pair Compounds of Strychnine for Enhancing Skin Permeability: Influencing the Transdermal Processes In Vitro Based on Molecular Simulation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:ph15010034. [PMID: 35056091 PMCID: PMC8781250 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to explore how Strychnine (Str) ion-pair compounds affect the in vitro transdermal process. In order to prevent the influence of different functional groups on skin permeation, seven homologous fatty acids were selected to form ion-pair compounds with Str. The in vitro permeation fluxes of the Str ion-pair compounds were 2.2 to 8.4 times that of Str, and Str-C10 had the highest permeation fluxes of 42.79 ± 19.86 µg/cm2/h. The hydrogen bond of the Str ion-pair compounds was also confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy and molecular simulation. In the process of molecular simulation, the intercellular lipid and the viable skin were represented by ceramide, cholesterol and free fatty acid of equal molar ratios and water, respectively. It was found by the binding energy curve that the Str ion-pair compounds had better compatibility with the intercellular lipid and water than Str, which indicated that the affinity of Str ion-pair compounds and skin was better than that of Str and skin. Therefore, it was concluded that Str ion-pair compounds can be distributed from the vehicle to the intercellular lipid and viable skin more easily than Str. These findings broadened our knowledge about how Str ion-pair compounds affect the transdermal process.
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Wang Y, Fan P, Zhu L, Zhuang W, Jiang L, Zhang H, Huang H. Enhanced in vitro antitumor efficacy of a polyunsaturated fatty acid-conjugated pH-responsive self-assembled ion-pairing liposome-encapsulated prodrug. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:155101. [PMID: 31846941 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab62d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The development of clinical chemotherapeutics is always challenging due to the toxicity and side effects of drugs not only for tumor cells but also for normal cells. Therefore, nano-drug delivery systems and prodrug strategies have been applied to address this challenge. Herein, we report a liposome-encapsulated small-molecule prodrug nanosystem, self-assembled by doxorubicin (DOX) and mixed polyunsaturated fatty acid (MPUFA) ion-pairing (MPUFAs-DOX@Liposomes), which has a high omega-3 PUFA content. The increased lipophilicity of ion-paired MPUFAs-DOX can significantly improve the drug loading efficiency (∼97%). Electrostatic interaction, the hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding between the ion-pairing agents led to superior pH-responsive release of DOX from liposomes over DOX-loaded liposomes (DOX@Liposomes), with a more rapid release rate at pH 5.0 than at pH 7.4, which is beneficial for decreasing the toxicity of DOX under physiological conditions. Finally, the in vitro antitumor effects were investigated for two tumor cell types, A549 and MCF-7, and the results demonstrated that MPUFAs-DOX@Liposomes showed the highest cytotoxicity compared with free DOX and DOX@Liposomes because of the ready uptake under the effect of PUFAs. Hence, liposomes loaded with ion-paired MPUFAs-DOX is a promising formulation for combination cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxian Wang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
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Mannosylerythritol Lipid B Enhances the Skin Permeability of the Water-Soluble Compound Calcein via OH Stretching Vibration Changes. COLLOIDS AND INTERFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/colloids4010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We confirmed that mannosylerythritol lipid B (MEL-B), a biosurfactant, enhances the skin permeability of the model water-soluble compound calcein. MEL-B liposomes were prepared by the thin-layer evaporation technique, and then applied to the skin. Although we attempted to adjust the size by extrusion, we could not control the particle diameter of the liposomes. However, the MEL-B liposome particle diameter remained the same over the 7-day study period. We observed an endothermic peak, with 74.7 °C as the transition temperature by differential scanning calorimetry. We also performed a fusion experiment with a fluorescence resonance energy transfer. A high amount of fusion of intercellular lipid liposomes and MEL-B liposomes occurred in a short period of time. After applying the MEL-B liposomes containing calcein to the skin, we measured the degree of calcein permeation and the amount of calcein within the skin. The resulting values were higher than those of an aqueous solution. The results obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope suggested that calcein had been delivered deeply into the skin. Using the attenuation of total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, we observed that the OH stretching vibration had shifted to a higher wavenumber; however, this did not affect the CH stretching vibration. The measurement of transepidermal water loss after four days of continuous application of 1% MEL-B to animals revealed no changes. Our results suggest that MEL-B increases the skin permeability of compounds (calcein) that are difficult to deliver transdermally by changing the OH stretching vibration, which shifts to a higher wavenumber.
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Zhang X, Wei Y, Cao Z, Xu Y, Lu C, Zhao M, Gou J, Yin T, Zhang Y, He H, Wang Y, Tang X. Aprepitant Intravenous Emulsion Based on Ion Pairing/Phospholipid Complex for Improving Physical and Chemical Stability During Thermal Sterilization. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:75. [PMID: 31965388 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1605-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An aprepitant (APT) cholesteryl hemisuccinate (CHEMS) ion pair complex emulsion (AIPE) with high lecithin content was prepared to improve sterilization stability through the film dispersion homogenization method; therefore, it could be a promising delivery system of APT. Medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) was selected as the oil phase to improve the solubility and stability of APT in oil phase. DSC, XRD, FT-IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopies confirmed that the APT-CHEMS ion pair (AIP) was formed between CHEMS and APT. The formation of AIP significantly increased the hydrophobicity of APT, allowing it to be completely embedded in the oil phase core to improve chemical stability and decrease hydrolysis of APT in the water phase. Also, CHEMS had a strong affinity with lecithin and could stabilize lipid membranes, forming a stronger and thicker interface membrane to increase the physical stability of AIPE. As a result, AIPE could withstand autoclaving at 120°C for 8 min without any change of particle size or content. Furthermore, AIPE with a potential of - 53.4 mV remained stable through spatial repulsion during sterilization. The encapsulation efficiency of AIPE was over 90% and the particle size was 106.8 ± 65.62 nm(0.286). Pharmacokinetic study in rats was comparable with that of CINVANTI which yielded a relative bioavailability of 114.31% indicating that the AIPE had similar pharmacokinetic processes in vivo with the analog of CINVANTI®. The AUC0-t of the AIPE was 4.31-fold that of the APT solution.
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Zhou Z, Liu C, Wan X, Fang L. Development of a w/o emulsion using ionic liquid strategy for transdermal delivery of anti – aging component α – lipoic acid: Mechanism of different ionic liquids on skin retention and efficacy evaluation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 141:105042. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ren T, Lin X, Zhang Q, You D, Liu X, Tao X, Gou J, Zhang Y, Yin T, He H, Tang X. Encapsulation of Azithromycin Ion Pair in Liposome for Enhancing Ocular Delivery and Therapeutic Efficacy on Dry Eye. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:4862-4871. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Li Q, Wan X, Liu C, Fang L. Investigating the role of ion-pair strategy in regulating nicotine release from patch: Mechanistic insights based on intermolecular interaction and mobility of pressure sensitive adhesive. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:102-111. [PMID: 29627622 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare a drug-in-adhesive patch of nicotine (NIC) and use ion-pair strategy to regulate drug delivery rate. Moreover, the mechanism of how ion-pair strategy regulated drug release was elucidated at molecular level. Formulation factors including pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs), drug loading and counter ions (C4, C6, C8, C10, and C12) were screened. In vitro release experiment and in vitro transdermal experiment were conducted to determine the rate-limiting step in drug delivery process. FT-IR and molecular modeling were used to characterize the interaction between drug and PSA. Thermal analysis and rheology study were conducted to investigate the mobility variation of PSA. The optimized patch prepared with NIC-C8 had the transdermal profile fairly close to that of the commercial product (p > 0.05). The release rate constants (k) of NIC, NIC-C4 and NIC-C10 were 21.1, 14.4 and 32.4, respectively. Different release rates of NIC ion-pair complexes were attributed to the dual effect of ion-pair strategy on drug release. On one hand, ion-pair strategy enhanced the interaction between drug and PSA, which inhibited drug release. On the other hand, using ion-pair strategy improved the mobility of PSA, which facilitated drug release. Drug release behavior was determined by combined effect of two aspects above. These conclusions provided a new idea for us to regulate drug release behavior from patch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Xiaocao Wan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016, China.
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Zhao H, Liu C, Quan P, Wan X, Shen M, Fang L. Mechanism study on ion-pair complexes controlling skin permeability: Effect of ion-pair dissociation in the viable epidermis on transdermal permeation of bisoprolol. Int J Pharm 2017; 532:29-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.08.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wang W, Song T, Wan X, Liu C, Zhao H, Fang L. Investigate the control release effect of ion-pair in the development of escitalopram transdermal patch using FT-IR spectroscopy, molecular modeling and thermal analysis. Int J Pharm 2017; 529:391-400. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Song T, Quan P, Xiang R, Fang L. Regulating the Skin Permeation Rate of Escitalopram by Ion-pair Formation with Organic Acids. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:1267-1273. [PMID: 26762339 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0474-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to regulate the skin permeation rate (flux) of escitalopram (ESP), ion-pair strategy was used in our work. Five organic acids with different physicochemical properties, benzoic acid (BA), ibuprofen (IB), salicylic acid (SA), benzenesulfonic acid (BSA), and p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), were employed as counter-ions to regulate the permeation rate of ESP across the rabbit abdominal skin in vitro. The interaction between ESP and organic acids was characterized by FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Results showed that all organic acids investigated in this study performed a controlling effect on ESP flux. To further analyze the factors concerned with the permeation capability of ESP-acid complex, a multiple linear regression model was used. It is concluded that the steady-state flux (J) of ESP-acid complexes had a positive correlation with log K o/w (the n-octanol/water partition coefficient of ion-pair complex) and pK a (the acidity of organic acid counter-ion), but a negative correlation with MW (the molecular weight of ion-pair complex). The logK o/w of ion-pair complex is the primary one in all the factors that influence the skin permeation rate of ESP. The results demonstrated that organic acid with appropriate physicochemical properties can be considered as suitable candidate for the transdermal drug delivery of escitalopram.
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Cui H, Quan P, Zhou Z, Fang L. Development of a drug-in-adhesive patch combining ion pair and chemical enhancer strategy for transdermal delivery of zaltoprofen: pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and in vitro/in vivo correlation evaluation. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3461-3470. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1196766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Quan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuang Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Liu N, Song W, Song T, Fang L. Design and Evaluation of a Novel Felbinac Transdermal Patch: Combining Ion-Pair and Chemical Enhancer Strategy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:262-71. [PMID: 26070544 PMCID: PMC4984900 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to design a novel felbinac (FEL) patch with significantly higher (P < 0.05) skin permeation amount than the commercial product SELTOUCH® using ion-pair and chemical enhancer strategy, overcoming the disadvantage of the large application area of SELTOUCH®. Six complexes of FEL with organic amines diethylamine (DEA), triethylamine (TEA), N-(2'-hydroxy-ethanol)-piperdine (HEPP), monoethanolamine (MEtA), diethanolamine (DEtA), and triethanolamine (TEtA) were prepared by ion-pair interaction, and their formation were confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), infared spectroscopy (IR), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-NMR). Subsequently, the effect of ion-pair complexes and chemical enhancers were investigated through in vitro and in vivo experiments using rabbit abdominal skin. Results showed that FEL-TEA was the most potential candidate both in isopropyl palmitate (IPP) solution and transdermal patches. Combining use of 10% N-dodecylazepan-2-one (Azone), the optimized FEL-TEA patch achieved a flux of 18.29 ± 2.59 μg/cm(2)/h, which was twice the amount of the product SELTOUCH® (J = 9.18 ± 1.26 μg/cm(2)/h). Similarly, the area under the concentration curve from time 0 to time t (AUC0-t ) in FEL-TEA patch group (15.94 ± 3.58 h.μg/mL) was also twice as that in SELTOUCH® group (7.31 ± 1.16 h.μg/mL). Furthermore, the in vitro skin permeation results of FEL-TEA patch was found to have a good correlation with the in vivo absorption results in rabbit. These findings indicated that a combination of ion-pair and chemical enhancer strategy could be useful in developing a novel transdermal patch of FEL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Tian Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, China.
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Geng S, Liu X, Xu H, Cai C, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Xu H, Gou J, Yin T, Xiao W, Tang X. Clarithromycin ion pair in a liposomal membrane to improve its stability and reduce its irritation caused by intravenous administration. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 13:337-48. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2016.1123247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cui H, Quan P, Zhao H, Wen X, Song W, Xiao Y, Zhao Y, Fang L. Mechanism of Ion-Pair Strategy in Modulating Skin Permeability of Zaltoprofen: Insight from Molecular-Level Resolution Based on Molecular Modeling and Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:3395-403. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Intra-articular drug delivery from an optimized topical patch containing teriflunomide and lornoxicam for rheumatoid arthritis treatment: Does the topical patch really enhance a local treatment? J Control Release 2013; 169:73-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Xi H, Cun D, Wang Z, Shang L, Song W, Mu L, Fang L. Effect of the stability of hydrogen-bonded ion pairs with organic amines on transdermal penetration of teriflunomide. Int J Pharm 2012; 436:857-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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