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Volkova T, Simonova O, Perlovich G. Mechanistic Insight in Permeability through Different Membranes in the Presence of Pharmaceutical Excipients: A Case of Model Hydrophobic Carbamazepine. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:184. [PMID: 38399245 PMCID: PMC10893053 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the effects of two pharmaceutical excipients of differing natures-non-ionic surfactant pluronic F127 (F127) and anionic sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD)-on the permeation of the model compound, carbamazepine (CBZ). The permeability coefficients of CBZ at three concentrations of the excipients were measured through two different artificial barriers: hydrophilic cellulose membrane (RC) and lipophilic polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate membrane (PDS). The equilibrium solubility of CBZ in F127 and SBE-β-CD solutions was determined. The micellization, complexation, and aggregation tendencies were investigated. Systemically increasing the solubility and the reduction of permeation upon the excipients' concentration growth was revealed. The quantitative evaluation of the permeability tendencies was carried out using a Pratio parameter, a quasi-equilibrium mathematical mass transport model, and a correction of permeability coefficients for the free drug concentration ("true" permeability values). The results revealed the mutual influence of the excipient properties and the membrane nature on the permeability variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Volkova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.S.); (G.P.)
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2
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Tzanova MM, Nguyen L, Moretti F, Grassi M, Magnano GC, Voinovich D, Stein PC, Hiorth M, di Cagno MP. Interpreting permeability as a function of free drug fraction: The case studies of cyclodextrins and liposomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 189:106559. [PMID: 37544334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to solubilize poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients, various strategies have been implemented over the years, including the use of nanocarriers, such as cyclodextrins and liposomes. However, improving a drug's apparent solubility does not always translate to enhanced bioavailability. This work aimed to investigate to which extent complexation with cyclodextrins and incorporation into liposomes influence drug in vitro permeability and to find a mechanistic description of the permeation process. For this purpose, we investigated hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and phosphatidylcholine liposomes formulations of three chemically diverse compounds (atenolol, ketoprofen and hydrocortisone). We studied drug diffusion of the formulations by UV-localized spectroscopy and advanced data fitting to extract parameters such as diffusivity and bound-/free drug fractions. We then correlated this information with in vitro drug permeability obtained with the novel PermeaPadⓇ barrier. The results showed that increased concentration of HP-β-CD leads to increased solubilization of the poorly soluble unionized ketoprofen, as well as hydrocortisone. However, this net increment of apparent solubility was not proportional to the increased flux measured. On the other hand, normalising the flux over the empirical free drug concentration, i.e., the free fraction, gave a meaningful absolute permeability coefficient. The results achieved for the liposomal formulation were consistent with the finding on cyclodextrins. In conclusion, we proved the adequacy and usefulness of our method for calculating free drug fractions in the examined enabling formulations, supporting the validity of the established drug diffusion/permeation theory that the unbounded drug fraction is the main driver for drug permeation across a membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M Tzanova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Federica Moretti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Greta Camilla Magnano
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Dario Voinovich
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paul C Stein
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Hiorth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
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3
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Volkova T, Simonova O, Perlovich G. Cyclodextrin's Effect on Permeability and Partition of Nortriptyline Hydrochloride. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1022. [PMID: 37513934 PMCID: PMC10386514 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrin-based delivery systems have been intensively used to improve the bioavailability of drugs through the modification of their pharmaceutically relevant properties, such as solubility, distribution and membrane permeation. The present work aimed to disclose the influence of HP-β-CD and SBE-β-CD on the distribution and permeability of nortriptyline hydrochloride (NTT•HCl), a tricyclic antidepressant drug. To this end, the distribution coefficients in the 1-octanol/buffer and n-hexane/buffer model systems and the coefficients of permeability through the cellulose membrane and lipophilic PermeaPad barrier were determined at several cyclodextrin concentrations. The results demonstrated a dramatic decrease in both the distribution and the permeability coefficients as the cyclodextrin concentration rose, with the decrease being more pronounced in SBE-β-CD due to the charge-charge attraction and electrostatic interactions between NTT and SBE-β-CD. It is these interactions that were shown to be responsible for the greater value of the constant of NTT's association with SBE-β-CD than that with HP-β-CD. The findings of this study revealed similar trends in the 1-octanol/buffer 6.8 pH distribution and permeability through the PermeaPad barrier in the presence of CDs. These results were attributed to the determinative role of the distribution coefficient (serving as a descriptor) in permeation through the PermeaPad barrier modeling the lipophilic nature of biological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Volkova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.S.); (G.P.)
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Jacobsen AC, Visentin S, Butnarasu C, Stein PC, di Cagno MP. Commercially Available Cell-Free Permeability Tests for Industrial Drug Development: Increased Sustainability through Reduction of In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020592. [PMID: 36839914 PMCID: PMC9964961 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Replacing in vivo with in vitro studies can increase sustainability in the development of medicines. This principle has already been applied in the biowaiver approach based on the biopharmaceutical classification system, BCS. A biowaiver is a regulatory process in which a drug is approved based on evidence of in vitro equivalence, i.e., a dissolution test, rather than on in vivo bioequivalence. Currently biowaivers can only be granted for highly water-soluble drugs, i.e., BCS class I/III drugs. When evaluating poorly soluble drugs, i.e., BCS class II/IV drugs, in vitro dissolution testing has proved to be inadequate for predicting in vivo drug performance due to the lack of permeability interpretation. The aim of this review was to provide solid proofs that at least two commercially available cell-free in vitro assays, namely, the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay, PAMPA, and the PermeaPad® assay, PermeaPad, in different formats and set-ups, have the potential to reduce and replace in vivo testing to some extent, thus increasing sustainability in drug development. Based on the literature review presented here, we suggest that these assays should be implemented as alternatives to (1) more energy-intense in vitro methods, e.g., refining/replacing cell-based permeability assays, and (2) in vivo studies, e.g., reducing the number of pharmacokinetic studies conducted on animals and humans. For this to happen, a new and modern legislative framework for drug approval is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Christin Jacobsen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Sonja Visentin
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Cosmin Butnarasu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Paul C. Stein
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands Vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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Supersaturation and phase behavior during dissolution of amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2023; 631:122524. [PMID: 36549404 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is a promising strategy to enhance solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Due to higher free energy of ASD, supersaturated drug solution could be generated during dissolution. When amorphous solubility of a drug is exceeded, drug-rich nanodroplets could form and act as a reservoir to maintain the maximum free drug concentration in solution, facilitating the absorption of the drug in vivo. Dissolution behavior of ASD has received increasing interests. This review will focus on the recent advances in ASD dissolution, including the generation and maintenance of supersaturated drug solution in absence or presence of liquid-liquid phase separation. Mechanism of drug release from ASD including polymer-controlled dissolution and drug-controlled dissolution will be introduced. Formation of amorphous drug-rich nanodroplets during dissolution and the underlying mechanism will be discussed. Phase separation morphology of hydrated ASD plays a critical role in dissolution behavior of ASD, which will be highlighted. Supersaturated drug solution shows poor physical stability and tends to crystallize. The effect of polymer and surfactant on supersaturated drug solution will be demonstrated and some unexpected results will be shown. Physicochemical properties of drug and polymer could impact ASD dissolution and some of them even show opposite effect on dissolution and physical stability of ASD in solid state, respectively. This review will contribute to a better understanding of ASD dissolution and facilitate a rational design of ASD formulation.
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Salata GC, Lopes LB. Phosphatidylcholine-Based Nanoemulsions for Paclitaxel and a P-Glycoprotein Inhibitor Delivery and Breast Cancer Intraductal Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091110. [PMID: 36145331 PMCID: PMC9503599 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, incorporation of the cytotoxic agent paclitaxel and the P-glycoprotein inhibitor elacridar in hyaluronic acid (HA)-modified nanoemulsions was studied for intraductal delivery and breast cancer localized treatment. To improve cytotoxicity, we investigated the incorporation of perillyl alcohol or tributyrin as components of the nanoemulsion oil phase. The nanoemulsions presented size <180 nm and negative zeta potential. Both tributyrin and perillyl alcohol increased nanoemulsion cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells, but not in MDA-MB-231. However, perillyl alcohol reduced nanoemulsion stability in the presence of the drugs. Concomitant incorporation of paclitaxel and elacridar in HA- and tributyrin-containing nanoemulsions (PE-NETri) increased cytotoxicity and reduced IC50 by 1.6 to 3-fold in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells compared to the nanoemulsion containing only paclitaxel (P-NE). This nanoemulsion also produced a 3.3-fold reduction in the viability of MDA-MB-231 spheroids. Elacridar incorporated in the nanoemulsion was capable of inhibiting P-glycoprotein in membranes. In vivo intraductal administration of the NE containing HA resulted in a three-fold higher retention of a fluorescent marker compared to a solution or nanoemulsion without HA, demonstrating the importance of HA. The nanoemulsion produced no histological changes in the mammary tissue. These results support the potential applicability of the nanoemulsion for local breast cancer management.
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Tzanova MM, Moretti F, Grassi G, Stein PC, Hiorth M, Abrami M, Grassi M, Pio di Cagno M. Modelling drug diffusion through unstirred water layers allows real-time quantification of free/loaded drug fractions and release kinetics from colloidal-based formulations. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 178:168-178. [PMID: 36029937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The correlation between in vivo and in vitro data is yet not sufficiently optimized to allow a significant reduction and replacement of animal testing in pharmaceutical development. One of the main reasons for this lies in the poor mechanistic understanding and interpretation of the physical mechanisms enabling formulation rely on for deploying the drug. One mechanism that still lacks a proper interpretation is the kinetics of drug release from nanocarriers. In this work, we investigate two different types of classical enabling formulations - i) cyclodextrin solutions and ii) liposomal dispersions - by a combination of an experimental method (i.e. UV-Vis localized spectroscopy) and mathematical modelling/numerical data fitting. With this approach, we are able to discriminate precisely between the amount of drug bound to nanocarriers or freely dissolved at any time point; in addition, we can precisely estimate the binding and diffusivity constants of all chemical species (free drug/bound drug). The results obtained should serve as the first milestone for the further development of reliable in vitro/in silico models for the prediction of in vivo drug bioavailability when enabling formulations are used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina M Tzanova
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Federica Moretti
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Grassi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, Strada di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paul C Stein
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Marianne Hiorth
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michela Abrami
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Mario Grassi
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Via Alfonso Valerio, 6/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Saelands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
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Human Lactobacillus Biosurfactants as Natural Excipients for Nasal drug Delivery of Hydrocortisone. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030524. [PMID: 35335901 PMCID: PMC8952429 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of a chemical permeation enhancer in a dosage form is considered an effective approach to improve absorption across the nasal mucosa. Herein we evaluated the possibility of exploiting biosurfactants (BS) produced by Lactobacillus gasseri BC9 as innovative natural excipients to improve nasal delivery of hydrocortisone (HC). BC9-BS ability to improve HC solubility and the BS mucoadhesive potential were investigated using the surfactant at a concentration below and above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). In vitro diffusion studies through the biomimetic membrane PermeaPad® and the same synthetic barrier functionalized with a mucin layer were assessed to determine BC9-BS absorption enhancing properties in the absence and presence of the mucus layer. Lastly, the diffusion study was performed across the sheep nasal mucosa using BC9-BS at a concentration below the CMC. Results showed that BC9-BS was able to interact with the main component of the nasal mucosa, and that it allowed for a greater solubilization and also permeation of the drug when it was employed at a low concentration. Overall, it seems that BC9-BS could be a promising alternative to chemical surfactants in the nasal drug delivery field.
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9
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Influence of Lactobacillus Biosurfactants on Skin Permeation of Hydrocortisone. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13060820. [PMID: 34073138 PMCID: PMC8228446 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most widely used strategies to improve drug diffusion through the skin is the use of permeation enhancers. The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of two biosurfactants (BS), produced by Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 and Lactobacillus gasseri BC9, on the skin permeation profile of hydrocortisone (HC, model drug). HC aqueous solubility and in vitro diffusion studies through porcine skin were performed in the presence of BC1-BS and BC9-BS at concentrations below and above critical micellar concentrations (CMC). Moreover, skin hydration tests and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis were performed to further investigate BS interaction with the outermost layer of the skin. Both BS increased HC solubility, especially at concentrations above their CMC. At concentrations below the CMC, drug permeation through the skin was improved, as the result of a dual effect: a) the formation of a superficial lipophilic environment, as confirmed by the reduction in skin hydration and b) the interaction between BS and the stratum corneum (SC), as demonstrated by the DSC curves. From the obtained data, it appears that BC1-BS and BC9-BS could represent new promising green excipients for drug permeation enhancement through the skin.
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Apolinário AC, Hauschke L, Nunes JR, Lopes LB. Towards nanoformulations for skin delivery of poorly soluble API: What does indeed matter? J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Salim M, Ramirez G, Peng KY, Clulow AJ, Hawley A, Ramachandruni H, Beilles S, Boyd BJ. Lipid Compositions in Infant Formulas Affect the Solubilization of Antimalarial Drugs Artefenomel (OZ439) and Ferroquine during Digestion. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:2749-2759. [PMID: 32574056 PMCID: PMC7341521 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the solubilization of two antimalarial drug candidates, artefenomel (OZ439) and ferroquine (FQ), designed to provide a single-dose combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria can be enhanced using milk as a lipid-based formulation. However, milk as an excipient faces significant quality and regulatory hurdles. We therefore have investigated infant formula as a potential alternative formulation approach. The significance of the lipid species present in a formula with different lipid compositions upon the solubilization of OZ439 and FQ during digestion has been investigated. Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering was used to measure the diffraction from a dispersed drug during digestion and thereby determine the extent of drug solubilization. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to quantify the amount of drug partitioned into the digested lipid phases. Our results show that both the lipid species and the amount of lipids administered were key determinants for the solubilization of OZ439, while the solubilization of FQ was independent of the lipid composition. Infant formulas could therefore be designed and used as milk substitutes to tailor the desired level of drug solubilization while circumventing the variability of components in naturally derived milk. The enhanced solubilization of OZ439 was achieved during the digestion of medium-chain triacylglycerols (MCT), indicating the potential applicability of MCT-fortified infant formula powder as a lipid-based formulation for the oral delivery of OZ439 and FQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malinda Salim
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gisela Ramirez
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Kang-Yu Peng
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew J Clulow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Adrian Hawley
- SAXS/WAXS beamline, Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3169, Australia
| | - Hanu Ramachandruni
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, 20, Route de Pre'-Bois, Geneva 1215, Switzerland
| | - Stephane Beilles
- Sanofi R&D, 371 Rue du Professeur Blayac, Montpellier 34080, France
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University (Parkville Campus), 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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12
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Falavigna M, Stein PC, Flaten GE, di Cagno MP. Impact of Mucin on Drug Diffusion: Development of a Straightforward in Vitro Method for the Determination of Drug Diffusivity in the Presence of Mucin. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020168. [PMID: 32079348 PMCID: PMC7076515 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal drug delivery accounts for various administration routes (i.e., oral, vaginal, ocular, pulmonary, etc.) and offers a vast surface for the permeation of drugs. However, the mucus layer which shields and lubricates all mucosal tissues can compromise drugs from reaching the epithelial site, thus affecting their absorption and therapeutic effect. Therefore, the effect of the mucus layer on drug absorption has to be evaluated early in the drug-development phase, prior to in vivo studies. For this reason, we developed a simple, cost-effective and reproducible method employing UV-visible localized spectroscopy for the assessment of the interaction between mucin and drugs with different physicochemical characteristics. The mucin–drug interaction was investigated by measuring the drug relative diffusivity (Drel) in the presence of mucin, and the method was validated by fitting experimental and mathematical data. In vitro permeability studies were also performed using the mucus-covered artificial permeation barrier (mucus–PVPA, Phospholipid Vesicle-based Permeation Assay) for comparison. The obtained results showed that the diffusion of drugs was hampered by the presence of mucin, especially at higher concentrations. This novel method proved to be suitable for the investigation on the extent of mucin–drug interaction and can be successfully used to assess the impact that the mucus layer has on drug absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Falavigna
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.F.); (G.E.F.)
| | - Paul C. Stein
- Department of Physics, Chemistry & Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark;
| | - Gøril Eide Flaten
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.F.); (G.E.F.)
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (M.F.); (G.E.F.)
- Site-specific Drug Delivery Group, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-228-565-98
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Wu IY, Bala S, Škalko-Basnet N, di Cagno MP. Interpreting non-linear drug diffusion data: Utilizing Korsmeyer-Peppas model to study drug release from liposomes. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 138:105026. [PMID: 31374254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to clarify the dynamics behind the influence of ionic strength on the changes in drug release from large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs). For this purpose, we have investigated the transport of two different model drugs (caffeine and hydrocortisone) formulated into liposomes through different types of barriers with different retention properties (regenerated cellulose and the newly introduced biomimetic barrier, Permeapad®). Drug release from liposomes was studied utilizing the standard Franz diffusion cells. LUV dispersions were exposed to the isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic environment (difference of 300 mOsm/kg between the initial LUVs and the environment) and experimental data treated with both linear and non-linear (Korsmeyer-Peppas) regression models. To alter the rigidity of the liposomal membranes, cholesterol was introduced in the liposomal barriers (up to 25% w/w). Korsmeyer-Peppas model was proven to be suited to analyse experimental data throughout the experimental time frame, providing important additive information in comparison to standard linear approximation. The obtained results are highly relevant as they improve the interpretation of drug release kinetics from LUVs under osmotic stress. Moreover, the findings can be utilized in the development of liposomal formulations intended for nose-to-brain targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iren Yeeling Wu
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sonali Bala
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
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14
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Wu IY, Nikolaisen TE, Škalko-Basnet N, di Cagno MP. The Hypotonic Environmental Changes Affect Liposomal Formulations for Nose-to-Brain Targeted Drug Delivery. J Pharm Sci 2019; 108:2570-2579. [PMID: 30885660 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Systemic administration of drugs is ineffective in the treatment of central nervous system disorders because of the blood-brain barrier. Nasal administration has been suggested as an alternative administration route as drugs absorbed in the olfactory epithelium bypass the blood-brain barrier and reach the brain within minutes. However, the nasal mucosa properties (e.g., tonicity, pH) are not constant because of physiological and environmental factors, and this might limit the therapeutic outcome of nanocarrier-based formulations. To shine light on the impact of environmental ionic strength on nanocarrier-based formulations, we have studied how liposomal formulations respond to the change of tonicity of the external environment. Large unilamellar vesicles loaded with 6 different drugs were exposed to different hypotonic environments, creating an osmotic gradient within the inner core and external environment of the liposomes up to 650 mOsm/kg. Both size and polydispersity of liposomes were significantly affected by tonicity changes. Moreover, the release kinetics of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs were largely enhanced by hypotonic environments. These results clearly demonstrate that the environmental ionic strength has an impact on liposomal formulation stability and drug release kinetics and it should be considered when liposomal formulations for nose-to-brain targeted drug delivery are designed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iren Yeeling Wu
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Trygg Einar Nikolaisen
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Sem Sælands vei 3, 0371 Oslo, Norway.
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15
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Deng Y, Liang Q, Wang Y, Zhang X, Yan C, He Y. The inhibiting role of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate on piperine crystallization to enhance its dissolution from its amorphous solid dispersion and permeability. RSC Adv 2019; 9:39523-39531. [PMID: 35540632 PMCID: PMC9076092 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08283b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to demonstrate that inhibiting crystallization by HPMCAS played a key role in enhancing dissolution and absorption of piperine (Pip) from its amorphous solid dispersion (ASD). Nucleation induction time and supersaturation tests were used to evaluate the ability of the polymers to inhibit crystallization of Pip. The prepared solid dispersions were characterized by DSC and FTIR. The dissolution rate of Pip from its ASDs was assayed by a dissolution test. Pip permeability was investigated by single-pass intestinal perfusion studies. The order of the ability of polymers to inhibit Pip crystallization was HF > MF > LF > L100-55. The best inhibition effect of HF can be attributed to its hydrophobicity and steric hindrance. Pip is amorphous in polymer matrices when the ratio of Pip/HPMCAS is lower than 1 : 1 and Pip/L100-55 is lower than 3 : 1. IR spectra show that there are hydrogen bonds between the amide groups of Pip and the carboxyl groups of polymer. The order of the ability of polymers to enhance Pip dissolution is HF > MF > LF > L100-55, which coincided with the ability of polymers to inhibit Pip crystallization. Increased apparent permeability via HF-induced supersaturation and decreased apparent permeability via solubilization with L100-55 are demonstrated. Nucleation induction time and supersaturation tests may be used to screen appropriate polymers for preparing ASDs. HPMCAS enhances piperine dissolution and permeability in amorphous solid dispersion by inhibiting crystallization.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyi Deng
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- 541004 Guilin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- 541004 Guilin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yiru Wang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- 541004 Guilin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- 541004 Guilin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyun Yan
- School of Pharmacy
- Guilin Medical University
- 541004 Guilin
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin He
- School of Basic Medical
- Guilin Medical University
- 541004 Guilin
- People's Republic of China
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16
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Langasco R, Fancello S, Rassu G, Cossu M, Cavalli R, Galleri G, Giunchedi P, Migheli R, Gavini E. Increasing protective activity of genistein by loading into transfersomes: A new potential adjuvant in the oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:23-31. [PMID: 30599903 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genistein is a soy-derived isoflavone and phytoestrogen with antioxidant and neuroprotective activity. Genistein has intrinsically low oral bioavailability that affects its dose-response activities. PURPOSE Nanotechnologies were used to obtain the delivery of genistein to the brain: lipid-based nanovesicles, transfersomes, loaded with the phytoestrogen were developed as potential therapeutic or preventive strategy against neurodegenerative diseases by intranasal administration. METHODS Phosphatidylcholine from soybean and different edge activators were used to prepare transfersomes. The effect of selected nanovesicles on the oxidative damage was studied in PC12 cell line. RESULTS Suitable nanovesicles as carrier of genistein were obtained; their composition affects deformability, drug permeation behavior and cytotoxicity. In particular, the formulation containing Span 80, GEN-TF2, showed efficiency of internalization into the cell and it was able to attenuate ROS formation and to reduce the amount of apoptotic cells generated by H2O2 treatment compared to genistein. CONCLUSION GEN-TF2 was able to reduce the oxidative damage suggesting a possible antioxidant role of this drug delivery system. These obtained data confer to GEN-TF2 a potential antioxidant activity and then it could be used as adjuvant therapy in oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Langasco
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Silvia Fancello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Massimo Cossu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Roberta Cavalli
- Department of Science and Technology of Pharmaceutics, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Grazia Galleri
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Rossana Migheli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy.
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17
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Ramasamy S, Samathanam B, Reuther H, Adyanpuram MNMS, Enoch IVMV, Potzger K. Molecular encapsulator on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles. Controlled drug release from calcium Ferrite/Cyclodextrin–tethered polymer hybrid. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 161:347-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Al-Lawati H, Aliabadi HM, Makhmalzadeh BS, Lavasanifar A. Nanomedicine for immunosuppressive therapy: achievements in pre-clinical and clinical research. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2018; 15:397-418. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2018.1420053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Lawati
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Afsaneh Lavasanifar
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Wu IY, Škalko-Basnet N, di Cagno MP. Influence of the environmental tonicity perturbations on the release of model compounds from large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs): A mechanistic investigation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:65-71. [PMID: 28577502 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the influence of environmental tonicity perturbations on the size and release kinetics of model markers from liposomes (calcein and rhodamine) was investigated. Large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs) were prepared from a mixture composed of organic solvents containing dissolved phosphatidylcholine and phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4). Organic phase was removed by rotary evaporation and the obtained liposomal dispersions were extruded to reduce the liposomal sizes to approx. 400 nm. The LUVs were exposed to PBS of different tonicity to induce water migration, and consequently, generate an osmotic pressure on the vesicle membranes. The markers release kinetics were studied by the dialysis method employing Franz diffusion cells. LUVs appeared to be more susceptible to the osmotic swelling than the shrinking and the size changes were significantly more pronounced for calcein-loaded LUVs in comparison to rhodamine-loaded LUVs. The calcein release from LUVs was highly affected by the water influx/efflux, whereas rhodamine release was less affected by the tonicity perturbations. Mechanistically, it appeared that hydrophilic molecules (calcein) followed the water flux, whereas lipophilic molecules (rhodamine) seemed to be more affected by the changes in LUVs size and consequent alteration of the tightness of the phospholipid bilayer (where the lipophilic marker was imbedded in). These results demonstrate that the different tonicity (within the inner core and external environment of vesicles) can enhance/hamper the diffusion of a marker from LUVs and that osmotically active liposomes could be used as a novel controlled drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iren Yeeling Wu
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Nataša Škalko-Basnet
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Massimiliano Pio di Cagno
- Drug Transport and Delivery Research Group, Department of Pharmacy, University of Tromsø The Arctic University of Norway, Universitetsvegen 57, 9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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20
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Surfactants from itaconic acid: Toxicity to HaCaT keratinocytes in vitro, micellar solubilization, and skin permeation enhancement of hydrocortisone. Int J Pharm 2017; 524:9-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Fong SYK, Bauer-Brandl A, Brandl M. Oral bioavailability enhancement through supersaturation: an update and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:403-426. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1218465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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22
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Fong SYK, Martins SM, Brandl M, Bauer-Brandl A. Solid Phospholipid Dispersions for Oral Delivery of Poorly Soluble Drugs: Investigation Into Celecoxib Incorporation and Solubility-In Vitro Permeability Enhancement. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1113-23. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-3549(15)00186-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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23
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Otsuka N, Ueda K, Ohyagi N, Shimizu K, Katakawa K, Kumamoto T, Higashi K, Yamamoto K, Moribe K. An Insight into Different Stabilization Mechanisms of Phenytoin Derivatives Supersaturation by HPMC and PVP. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2574-82. [PMID: 26059285 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the stabilization mechanism of drug supersaturation by hypromellose (HPMC) and polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP). The poorly water-soluble drugs, phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin, DPH), and its synthesized derivatives monomethylphenytoin (MDPH) and dimethylphenytoin (DMDPH) were used. DPH supersaturation was efficiently maintained by both HPMC and PVP. HPMC maintained the supersaturation of MDPH and DMDPH in a similar manner to that of DPH, whereas the ability of PVP to maintain drug supersaturation increased as follows: DPH > MDPH > DMDPH. Caco-2 permeation studies and nuclear magnetic resonance measurements revealed that the permeability and molecular state of the drug in a HPMC solution barely changed. In fact, the solubilization of the drug into PVP changed its apparent permeability and molecular state. The drug solubilization efficiency by PVP was higher and followed the order: DPH > MDPH > DMDPH. The different drug solubilization efficiencies most likely result from the different strengths in the intermolecular interaction between the DPH derivatives and PVP. The difference in the stabilization mechanism of drug supersaturation by HPMC and PVP could determine whether the efficient maintenance of the drug supersaturation was dependent on the drug species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Otsuka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Naoko Ohyagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kozue Shimizu
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Katakawa
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Takuya Kumamoto
- Department of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Musashino University, Nishitokyo, Tokyo, 202-8585, Japan
| | - Kenjirou Higashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Keiji Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Moribe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8675, Japan
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24
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New biomimetic barrier Permeapad™ for efficient investigation of passive permeability of drugs. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 73:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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25
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Pestieau A, Krier F, Lebrun P, Brouwers A, Streel B, Evrard B. Optimization of a PGSS (particles from gas saturated solutions) process for a fenofibrate lipid-based solid dispersion formulation. Int J Pharm 2015; 485:295-305. [PMID: 25796121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a formulation containing fenofibrate and Gelucire(®) 50/13 (Gattefossé, France) in order to improve the oral bioavailability of the drug. Particles from gas saturated solutions (PGSS) process was chosen for investigation as a manufacturing process for producing a solid dispersion. The PGSS process was optimized according to the in vitro drug dissolution profile obtained using a biphasic dissolution test. Using a design of experiments approach, the effects of nine experimental parameters were investigated using a PGSS apparatus provided by Separex(®) (Champigneulles, France). Within the chosen experimental conditions, the screening results showed that the drug loading level, the autoclave temperature and pressure, the connection temperature and the nozzle diameter had a significant influence on the dissolution profile of fenofibrate. During the optimization step, the three most relevant parameters were optimized using a central composite design, while other factors remained fixed. In this way, we were able to identify the optimal production conditions that would deliver the highest level of fenofibrate in the organic phase at the end of the dissolution test. The closeness between the measured and the predicted optimal dissolution profiles in the organic phase demonstrated the validity of the statistical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Pestieau
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, C.I.R.M., University of Liège, CHU, Tour 4, 2nd floor, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
| | - Fabrice Krier
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, C.I.R.M., University of Liège, CHU, Tour 4, 2nd floor, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Adeline Brouwers
- Galéphar Research Center M/F, rue du Parc Industriel 39, 6900 Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
| | - Bruno Streel
- Galéphar Research Center M/F, rue du Parc Industriel 39, 6900 Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
| | - Brigitte Evrard
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, C.I.R.M., University of Liège, CHU, Tour 4, 2nd floor, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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Pretor S, Bartels J, Lorenz T, Dahl K, Finke JH, Peterat G, Krull R, Al-Halhouli AT, Dietzel A, Büttgenbach S, Behrends S, Reichl S, Müller-Goymann CC. Cellular Uptake of Coumarin-6 under Microfluidic Conditions into HCE-T Cells from Nanoscale Formulations. Mol Pharm 2014; 12:34-45. [DOI: 10.1021/mp500401t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Pretor
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. Bartels
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische
Pharmazie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße
1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T. Lorenz
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Straße 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - K. Dahl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - J. H. Finke
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - G. Peterat
- Institute for Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R. Krull
- Institute for Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A. T. Al-Halhouli
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Straße 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - A. Dietzel
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Straße 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Büttgenbach
- Institut für Mikrotechnik, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Alte Salzdahlumer Straße 203, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Behrends
- Institut für Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Klinische
Pharmazie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße
1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - S. Reichl
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C. C. Müller-Goymann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Technologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 1, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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27
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Raina SA, Zhang GG, Alonzo DE, Wu J, Zhu D, Catron ND, Gao Y, Taylor LS. Enhancements and Limits in Drug Membrane Transport Using Supersaturated Solutions of Poorly Water Soluble Drugs. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2736-2748. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.23826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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28
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di Cagno M, Terndrup Nielsen T, Lambertsen Larsen K, Kuntsche J, Bauer-Brandl A. β-Cyclodextrin-dextran polymers for the solubilization of poorly soluble drugs. Int J Pharm 2014; 468:258-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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29
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An improved method for the characterization of supersaturation and precipitation of poorly soluble drugs using pulsatile microdialysis (PMD). Int J Pharm 2014; 468:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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30
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Corace G, Angeloni C, Malaguti M, Hrelia S, Stein PC, Brandl M, Gotti R, Luppi B. Multifunctional liposomes for nasal delivery of the anti-Alzheimer drug tacrine hydrochloride. J Liposome Res 2014; 24:323-35. [PMID: 24807822 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2014.899369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was the development of multifunctional liposomes for nasal administration of tacrine hydrochloride. Liposomes were prepared using traditional excipients (cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine), partly enriched with α-tocopherol and/or Omega3 fatty acids. This approach was chosen in order to obtain at the same time two positive results: an enhanced drug permeation through nasal mucosa and a concomitant neuroprotective effect. Several liposome formulations were prepared using the Reverse Phase Evaporation technique followed by membrane filter extrusion. In particular, liposome capacity to enhance drug permeation was evaluated by means of membrane permeation and cellular uptake studies. Furthermore, liposome effect on neuronal viability and intracellular ROS production was evaluated as well as their cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress. All liposome formulations showed a mean diameter in the range of 175 nm to 219 nm with polydispersity index lower than 0.22, a lightly negative zeta potential and excellent encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, along with good mucoadhesive properties, multifunctional liposomes showed a markedly increase in tacrine permeability, which can be related to liposome fusion with cellular membrane, a hypothesis, which was also supported by cellular uptake studies. Finally, the addition of α-tocopherol without Omega3 fatty acids, was found to increase the neuroprotective activity and antioxidant properties of liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Corace
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna , Via San Donato, Bologna , Italy
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31
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Yu H, Xia D, Zhu Q, Zhu C, Chen D, Gan Y. Supersaturated polymeric micelles for oral cyclosporine A delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2013; 85:1325-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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32
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Rao Y, Zheng F, Liang X, Wang H, Zhang J, Lu X. Penetration profile and human cadaver skin distribution of finasteride from vesicular nanocarriers. Drug Deliv 2013; 22:1003-1009. [PMID: 24093547 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2013.839128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin accumulation of therapeutic agents affects the efficiency of topical drug delivery. In this study, in vitro distribution of finasteride of ethosomes and liposomes in human cadaver skin after percutaneous delivery were investigated. Experiments were performed using modified Franz diffusion cells. Finasteride ethosomes, liposomes or hydroethanolic solutions were used as donor medium. Drug distribution at different skin layers and depths were studied by hotplate separation and frozen horizontal slicing technique. The result showed that the accumulation of finasteride in skin ranged from 9.7-24.3 μg/cm2 at 12 or 24 hours. The ethosomes demonstrated better enhancing ability to deliver finasteride into the dermis layer than liposomes did. The finasteride concentration in the dermis layer from ethosomes was more than sevenfold higher than from liposomes. The finasteride accumulation in ethosomes group showed a distinctive reversed distribution profile. This distinctive reversed distribution profile is meaningful for exerting a favorable pharmacological effect for finasteride. The drug distribution profile in skin layers showed no significant difference between 12 and 24 hours application (p > 0.05). The study demonstrated that finasteride can be accumulated at target site more effectively and maintained at higher level through the application of novel ethosomal carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefeng Rao
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , China .,b College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , China
| | - Feiyue Zheng
- c Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , China
| | - Xingguang Liang
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- d Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica , Chinese Academy of Sciences , China
| | - Jin Zhang
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , China .,b College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , China
| | - Xiaoyang Lu
- a The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , China
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The effect of polymer coatings on physicochemical properties of spray-dried liposomes for nasal delivery of BSA. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:312-22. [PMID: 23876823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the development of spray dried polymer coated liposomes composed of soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC) and phospholipid dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG) coated with alginate, chitosan or trimethyl chitosan (TMC), that are able to penetrate through the nasal mucosa and offer enhanced penetration over uncoated liposomes when delivered as a dry powder. All the liposome formulations, loaded with BSA as model antigen, were spray-dried to obtain powder size and liposome size in a suitable range for nasal delivery. Although coating resulted in some reduction in encapsulation efficiency, levels were still maintained between 60% and 69% and the structural integrity of the entrapped protein and its release characteristics were maintained. Coating with TMC gave the best product characteristics in terms of entrapment efficiency, glass transition (T(g)) and mucoadhesive strength, while penetration of nasal mucosal tissue was very encouraging when these liposomes were administered as dispersions although improved results were observed for the dry powders.
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Giannola LI, Sutera FM, De Caro V. Physical methods to promote drug delivery on mucosal tissues of the oral cavity. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:1449-62. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.809061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Kürti L, Gáspár R, Márki Á, Kápolna E, Bocsik A, Veszelka S, Bartos C, Ambrus R, Vastag M, Deli MA, Szabó-Révész P. In vitro and in vivo characterization of meloxicam nanoparticles designed for nasal administration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 50:86-92. [PMID: 23542493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The nasal pathway represents a non-invasive route for delivery of drugs to the systemic circulation. Nanonization of poorly soluble drugs offers a possibility to increase dissolution properties, epithelial permeability or even bioavailability. The aim of the present study was to use in vitro methods to screen formulations which were intended for nasal application, and to perform animal experiments for recognizing the differences in plasmakinetics of intranasal- and oral-administered meloxicam nanoparticles. Due to nanonization the solubility of meloxicam elevated up to 1.2mg/mL, additionally the extent of dissolution also increased, complete dissolution was observed in 15 min. Favorable in vitro diffusion profile of meloxicam nanoparticles was observed and their epithelial permeability through human RPMI2650 cells was elevated. The pharmacokinetic parameters were significantly increased when meloxicam was administered as nanoparticles to rats either nasally (increase of Cmax 2.7-fold, AUC 1.5-fold) or orally (increase of C(max) 2.4-fold, AUC 2-fold) as compared to physical mixture of the drug and the excipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Kürti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary; Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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