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Touitou E, Natsheh H. The Evolution of Emerging Nanovesicle Technologies for Enhanced Delivery of Molecules into and across the Skin. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:267. [PMID: 38399321 PMCID: PMC10892037 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on nanovesicular carriers for enhanced delivery of molecules into and across the skin, from their design to recent emerging technologies. During the last four decades, several approaches have been used aiming to design new nanovesicles, some of them by altering the properties of the classic phospholipid vesicle, the liposome. Phospholipid nanovesicular systems, including the phospholipid soft vesicles as well as the non-phospholipid vesicular carries, are reviewed. The altered nanovesicles have served in the manufacture of various cosmetic products and have been investigated and used for the treatment of a wide variety of skin conditions. The evolution and recent advances of these nanovesicular technologies are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elka Touitou
- The Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
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Cai Y, Chu Y, Gong Y, Hong Y, Song F, Wang H, Zhang H, Sun X. Enhanced Transdermal Peptide-Modified Flexible Liposomes for Efficient Percutaneous Delivery of Chrysomycin A to Treat Subcutaneous Melanoma and Intradermal MRSA Infection. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300881. [PMID: 37267625 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Superficial skin diseases, including skin infections and tumors, are common healthcare burdens. In this study, the in vivo activity of chrysomycin A (CA) is explored, and a transdermal liposomal CA formulation is further constructed for the simultaneous treatment of cutaneous melanoma and cutaneous methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The prepared liposomes (TD-LP-CA) display a strong antitumor effect with an IC50 value of less than 0.1 µm in B16-F10 cells, suppress the proliferation of MRSA with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 1 µm, and eradicate established MRSA biofilms at 10× MIC in vitro. More importantly, TD-LP-CA shows enhanced stratum corneum (SC) penetration, reaching more than 500 µm beneath the skin's surface due to modification with the TD peptide, and demonstrates excellent subcutaneous tumor penetration after skin application in vivo. TD-LP-CA displays an excellent therapeutic effect against intradermal MRSA infection in mice after topical dermal administration, as well as a moderate inhibitory effect on subcutaneous melanoma with a 75% tumor inhibition rate. The liposomes prepared herein can be a promising carrier for transcutaneous CA transfer for the treatment of superficial diseases such as skin tumors and infections due to their ability to overcome the skin barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Cai
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yuteng Chu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yubei Gong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Yulu Hong
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Fuhang Song
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Hong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
- Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Employment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Huawei Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xuanrong Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals & College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Yu YM, Bu FZ, Meng SS, Yan CW, Wu ZY, Li YT. The first nano-cocrystal formulation of marine drug cytarabine with uracil based on cocrystal nanonization strategy for long-acting injection exhibiting enhanced antitumor activity. Int J Pharm 2023; 644:123300. [PMID: 37567370 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
To emphasize the superiority of uracil (UR) in ameliorating biopharmaceutical characteristics of marine antitumor medicine cytarabine (ARA), thus gaining some innovative opinions for the exploitation of nanococrystal formulation, a cocrystal nanonization strategy is proposed by integrating cocrystallization and nanosize preparation techniques. For one thing, based on UR's unique structural features and natures together with advantages of preferential uptake by tumor cells, cocrystallizing ARA with UR is expected to improve the in vitro/vivo performances. For another, the nanonization procedure is oriented towards maintaining the long-term effective drug level. Along this route, a cocrystal of ARA with UR, viz., ARA-UR, is successfully synthesized and then transformed into nano-cocrystal. The cocrystal structure is precisely confirmed by various methods, demonstrating that a 1:1 ARA and UR in the crystal forms cytosine-UR hydrogen-bonding interactions, thus constructing supramolecular frameworks by strong π-π stacking interplays; while the nano-cocrystal is block-shaped particles of 562.70 nm with zeta potential -33.40 mV. The properties of cocrystal ARA-UR and its nano-cocrystal in vitro/vivo are comparatively explored by theoretical calculations and experimental analyses, revealing that permeability of both is significantly increased than ARA per se. Notably, the meliorative natures of both the cocrystal and nano-cocrystal in vitro bring excellent antitumor activity, but the latter has greater strengths over the former. More notably, the nano-cocrystal can sustain effective concentration for a relatively longer time, causing lengthened retention time and better absorption in vivo. The contribution offers a fire-new dosage form of ARA for long-lasting delivery, thus filling the vacancy in nanococrystal studies about marine drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Ming Yu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Fan-Zhi Bu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Su-Su Meng
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China
| | - Cui-Wei Yan
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Wu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China.
| | - Yan-Tuan Li
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy and College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong 266003, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 266003, PR China.
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Yuwanda A, Surini S, Harahap Y, Jufri M. Study of Valproic Acid Liposomes for Delivery into the Brain through an Intranasal Route. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09030. [PMID: 35284670 PMCID: PMC8914119 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intranasal drug transport through the olfactory route to the brain is an effective drug route for increased absorption and bioavailability of the drug. The objective of this study was to increase the penetration of valproic acid as an anticonvulsant into a delivery system comprising liposomes. Valproic acid liposomes were prepared by a thin-layer hydration technique using soybean phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol as the main ingredients. The formulations were evaluated for diameter size, entrapment efficiency (EE), zeta potential, polydispersity index, and morphology. ex vivo permeation using sheep nasal mucosa and in vivo efficacy were assessed by performing a pharmacokinetic study in Wistar albino rats following intranasal administration of the formulations in comparison with pure drug. The mean size particle of optimized liposomes ranged from 90 to 210 nm with a low polydispersity index (<0.5). The EE of optimized liposomes was between 60% and 85%, increasing the concentration of phosphatidylcholine added to the formula. Transmission electron microscopy observations (40,000×) showed that valproic acid liposomes have a spherical molecular shape and a particle size of below 250 nm. The ex vivo and in vivo results showed that liposomal formulations provided enhanced brain exposure. Among the formulations studied, Formula 4 (F4) showed greater uptake of valproic acid into the brain than plasma. The high brain targeting efficiency index for F4 indicated the preferential transport of the drug to the brain. The study demonstrated the successful formulation of surface-modified valproic acid liposomes for nasal delivery with brain targeting potential.
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Oyarzún P, Gallardo-Toledo E, Morales J, Arriagada F. Transfersomes as alternative topical nanodosage forms for the treatment of skin disorders. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:2465-2489. [PMID: 34706575 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2021-0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Topical drug delivery is a promising approach to treat different skin disorders. However, it remains a challenge mainly due to the nature and rigidity of the nanosystems, which limit deep skin penetration, and the unsuccessful demonstration of clinical benefits; greater penetration by itself, does not ensure pharmacological success. In this context, transfersomes have appeared as promising nanosystems; deformability, their unique characteristic, allows them to pass through the epidermal microenvironment, improving the skin drug delivery. This review focuses on the comparison of transfersomes with other nanosystems (e.g., liposomes), discusses recent therapeutic applications for the topical treatment of different skin disorders and highlights the need for further studies to demonstrate significant clinical benefits of transfersomes compared with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Oyarzún
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
| | - Eduardo Gallardo-Toledo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Javier Morales
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, 8380494, Chile
| | - Francisco Arriagada
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, 5090000, Chile
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Shah V, Jobanputra A, Saxena B, Nivsarkar M. Development and Characterization of Saturated Fatty Acid-Engineered, Silica-Coated Lipid Vesicular System for Effective Oral Delivery of Alfa-Choriogonadotropin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:118. [PMID: 33782790 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-01985-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to develop an efficient, safe, and patient-friendly dosage form, for oral delivery of alfa-choriogonadotropin, used in the treatment of female reproductive infertility. Silica-coated, saturated fatty acid (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC))-engineered, nanolipidic vesicular (NLVs) system was developed for systemic delivery of therapeutic peptide, alfa-choriogonadotropin, through oral route. DPPC-based NLVs were formulated using the technique of thin-film hydration and were coated with silica to form a homogeneous surface silica shell. The formulated silica-coated NLVs were evaluated for physicochemical and physiologic stability under simulated conditions and were optimized based on physicochemical parameters like particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), entrapment efficiency, and in vitro release profile. Silica-coated, DPPC-based NLVs imparted physicochemical stability to entrapped alfa-choriogonadotropin against the biological environment prevailing in the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). In vivo, subchronic animal toxicity studies were performed to assess the safety of the designed dosage form. Results of in vitro characterization and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies of fabricated formulation revealed that the silica-coated, DPPC-based NLV formulation was not only stable in human GIT but was also as efficacious as a marketed parenteral formulation for the systemic delivery of alfa-choriogonadotropin. In vivo toxicity studies revealed that silica-coated NLVs did not alter hematological and serum biochemical parameters. The histopathological studies also depicted no macroscopic changes in major organs; thus, the developed formulation was proven to be nontoxic and equally efficient as a marketed parenteral formulation for the delivery of alfa-choriogonadotropin with added benefits of possible self-medication, more patient acceptability, and no chances of infection.
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Preparation, characterization, and cytotoxicity evaluation of self-assembled nanoparticles of diosgenin-cytarabine conjugate. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 151:112101. [PMID: 33684518 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG) isolated from yam roots revealed various bioactivities and applications as drug carrier. In the present study, a conjugate of DG with cytarabine (Ara-C) was used to prepare the self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) of DG-Ara-C by a nanoprecipitation method. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to analyze the size and the morphology of NPs, respectively. The stability and absorption of DG-Ara-C NPs were measured. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of the NPs was determined via MTT assay. The results indicated that the average particle size of DG-Ara-C NPs was around 190 nm with a narrow size distribution (PDI = 0.1). TEM showed that DG-Ara-C NPs had a spherical morphology. Compared to free DG or Ara-C, the self-assembled DG-Ara-C NPs exhibited a better anti-tumor activity against solid tumor cells as well as leukemia cells. In conclusion, DG possesses dual role in the self-assembled NPs of DG-Ara-C conjugate, being as a promising anticancer drug and drug carrier.
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Phospholipid Vesicles for Dermal/Transdermal and Nasal Administration of Active Molecules: The Effect of Surfactants and Alcohols on the Fluidity of Their Lipid Bilayers and Penetration Enhancement Properties. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25132959. [PMID: 32605117 PMCID: PMC7412180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25132959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This is a comprehensive review on the use of phospholipid nanovesicles for dermal/transdermal and nasal drug administration. Phospholipid-based vesicular carriers have been widely investigated for enhanced drug delivery via dermal/transdermal routes. Classic phospholipid vesicles, liposomes, do not penetrate the deep layers of the skin, but remain confined to the upper stratum corneum. The literature describes several approaches with the aim of altering the properties of these vesicles to improve their penetration properties. Transfersomes and ethosomes are the most investigated penetration-enhancing phospholipid nanovesicles, obtained by the incorporation of surfactant edge activators and high concentrations of ethanol, respectively. These two types of vesicles differ in terms of their structure, characteristics, mechanism of action and mode of application on the skin. Edge activators contribute to the deformability and elasticity of transfersomes, enabling them to penetrate through pores much smaller than their own size. The ethanol high concentration in ethosomes generates a soft vesicle by fluidizing the phospholipid bilayers, allowing the vesicle to penetrate deeper into the skin. Glycerosomes and transethosomes, phospholipid vesicles containing glycerol or a mixture of ethanol and edge activators, respectively, are also covered. This review discusses the effects of edge activators, ethanol and glycerol on the phospholipid vesicle, emphasizing the differences between a soft and an elastic nanovesicle, and presents their different preparation methods. To date, these differences have not been comparatively discussed. The review presents a large number of active molecules incorporated in these carriers and investigated in vitro, in vivo or in clinical human tests.
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Transferosomes as nanocarriers for drugs across the skin: Quality by design from lab to industrial scale. Int J Pharm 2019; 573:118817. [PMID: 31678520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Transferosomes, also known as transfersomes, are ultradeformable vesicles for transdermal applications consisting of a lipid bilayer with phospholipids and an edge activator and an ethanol/aqueous core. Depending on the lipophilicity of the active substance, it can be encapsulated within the core or amongst the lipid bilayer. Compared to liposomes, transferosomes are able to reach intact deeper regions of the skin after topical administration delivering higher concentrations of active substances making them a successful drug delivery carrier for transdermal applications. Most transferosomes contain phosphatidylcholine (C18) as it is the most abundant lipid component of the cell membrane, and hence, it is highly tolerated for the skin, decreasing the risk of undesirable effects, such as hypersensitive reactions. The most common edge activators are surfactants such as sodium deoxycholate, Tween® 80 and Span® 80. Their chain length is optimal for intercalation within the C18 phospholipid bilayer. A wide variety of drugs has been successfully encapsulated within transferosomes such as phytocompounds like sinomenine or apigenin for rheumatoid arthritis and leukaemia respectively, small hydrophobic drugs but also macromolecules like insulin. The main factors to develop optimal transferosomal formulations (with high drug loading and nanometric size) are the optimal ratio between the main components as well as the critical process parameters for their manufacture. Application of quality by design (QbD), specifically design of experiments (DoE), is crucial to understand the interplay among all these factors not only during the preparation at lab scale but also in the scale-up process. Clinical trials of a licensed topical ketoprofen transferosomal gel have shown promising results in the alleviation of symptons in orthreothritis with non-severe skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders. However, the product was withdrawn from the market which probably was related to the higher cost of the medicine linked to the expensive manufacturing process required in the production of transferosomes compared to other conventional gel formulations. This example brings out the need for a careful formulation design to exploit the best properties of this drug delivery system as well as the development of manufacturing processes easily scalable at industrial level.
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Ijaz H, Qureshi J, Tulain UR, Iqbal F, Danish Z, Fayyaz A, Sethi A. Lipid particulate drug delivery systems: a review. BIOINSPIRED BIOMIMETIC AND NANOBIOMATERIALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.16.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hira Ijaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Qureshi
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Furqan Iqbal
- Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Danish
- University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ahad Fayyaz
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Sethi
- College of Pharmacy, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Raj R, Raj PM, Ram A. Nanosized ethanol based malleable liposomes of cytarabine to accentuate transdermal delivery: formulation optimization,in vitroskin permeation andin vivobioavailability. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 46:951-963. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2018.1473414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Raj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, C.G., India
| | - Pooja Mongia Raj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, C.G., India
| | - Alpana Ram
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, C.G., India
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Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe. A recent report suggests around 14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer-related deaths, which are expected to reach 21.7 million and 13 million by 2030 worldwide, respectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS Because of highly complex mechanisms of cancer progression, it is important to explore and develop new innovative technologies which are more efficient compared with presently available treatment options. RESULTS Currently, chemotherapy, radiation and surgery are the most commonly used cancer treatment methods. In the last decade, nanomedicine emerged as an alternative treatment option that uses specific drug-delivery systems, improves efficacy of drugs and reduces detrimental side effects to normal tissues. CONCLUSION In this review, we have summarized cancer nanomedicines (active and passive drug delivery) available in the market. We have also discussed other nanomedicines that are at different stages of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasimudeen R Jabir
- a King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Anwar
- b School of Life Sciences , Jawaharlal Nehru University , New Delhi , India
| | - Chelapram K Firoz
- a King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Oves
- c Center of Excellence in Environmental Studies , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- a King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Shams Tabrez
- a King Fahd Medical Research Center , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah , Saudi Arabia
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Habib BA, Sayed S, Elsayed GM. Enhanced transdermal delivery of ondansetron using nanovesicular systems: Fabrication, characterization, optimization and ex-vivo permeation study-Box-Cox transformation practical example. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 115:352-361. [PMID: 29407555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate suitable nanovesicles (NVs) for transdermal delivery of Ondansetron. It also illustrated a practical example for the importance of Box-Cox transformation. A 23 full factorial design was used to enable testing transfersomes, ethosomes, and transethosomes of Ondansetron simultaneously. The independent variables (IVs) studied were sodium taurocholate amount, ethanol volume in hydration medium and sonication time. The studied dependent variables (DVs) were: particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP) and entrapment efficiency (EE). Polynomial equations were used to study the influence of IVs on each DV. Numerical multiple response optimization was applied to select an optimized formula (OF) with the goals of minimizing PS and maximizing ZP absolute value and EE. Box-Cox transformation was adopted to enable modeling PS raised to the power of 1.2 with an excellent prediction R2 of 1.000. ZP and EE were adequately represented directly with prediction R2 of 0.9549 and 0.9892 respectively. Response surface plots helped in explaining the influence of IVs on each DV. Two-sided 95% prediction interval test and percent deviation of actual values from predicted ones proved the validity of the elucidated models. The OF was a transfersomal formula with desirability of 0.866 and showed promising results in ex-vivo permeation study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basant A Habib
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Sinar Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
| | - Ghada M Elsayed
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Egypt.
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Deformable Nanovesicles Synthesized through an Adaptable Microfluidic Platform for Enhanced Localized Transdermal Drug Delivery. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2017; 2017:4759839. [PMID: 28480080 PMCID: PMC5396447 DOI: 10.1155/2017/4759839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid-based deformable nanovesicles (DNVs) that have flexibility in shape offer an adaptable and facile method to encapsulate diverse classes of therapeutics and facilitate localized transdermal delivery while minimizing systemic exposure. Here we report the use of a microfluidic reactor for the synthesis of DNVs and show that alteration of input parameters such as flow speeds as well as molar and flow rate ratios increases entrapment efficiency of drugs and allows fine-tuning of DNV size, elasticity, and surface charge. To determine the ability of DNV-encapsulated drug to be delivered transdermally to a local site, we synthesized, characterized, and tested DNVs carrying the fluorescently labeled hydrophilic bisphosphonate drug AF-647 zoledronate (AF647-Zol). AF647-Zol DNVs were lyophilized, resuspended, and applied topically as a paste to the calvarial skin of mice. High-resolution fluorescent imaging and confocal microscopy revealed significant increase of encapsulated payload delivery to the target tissue-cranial bone-by DNVs as compared to nondeformable nanovesicles (NVs) or aqueous drug solutions. Interestingly, NV delivery was not superior to aqueous drug solution. Our studies show that microfluidic reactor-synthesized DNVs can be produced in good yield, with high encapsulation efficiency, reproducibility, and stability after storage, and represent a useful vehicle for localized transdermal drug delivery.
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Sonawane SJ, Kalhapure RS, Govender T. Hydrazone linkages in pH responsive drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 99:45-65. [PMID: 27979586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymeric drug delivery systems using various triggers to release the drug at the sites have become a major focus area. Among various stimuli-responsive materials, pH-responsiveness has been studied extensively. The materials used for fabricating pH-responsive drug delivery systems include a specific chemical functionality in their structure that can respond to changes in the pH of the surrounding environment. Various chemical functionalities, for example, acetal, amine, ortho ester, amine and hydrazone, have been used to design materials that are capable of releasing their payload at the acidic pH conditions of the tumor or infection sites. Hydrazone linkages are significant synthons for numerous transformations and have gained importance in pharmaceutical sciences due to their various biological and clinical applications. These linkages have been employed in various drug delivery vehicles, such as linear polymers, star shaped polymers, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes and inorganic nanoparticles, for pH-responsive drug delivery. This review paper focuses on the synthesis and characterization methods of hydrazone bond containing materials and their applications in pH-responsive drug delivery systems. It provides detailed suggestions as guidelines to materials and formulation scientists for designing biocompatible pH-responsive materials with hydrazone linkages and identifying future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep J Sonawane
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa
| | - Rahul S Kalhapure
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa..
| | - Thirumala Govender
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X54001, Durban 4000, South Africa..
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Ita K. Percutaneous penetration of anticancer agents: Past, present and future. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1428-1439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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