1
|
Trallero J, Camacho M, Marín-García M, Álvarez-Marimon E, Benseny-Cases N, Barnadas-Rodríguez R. Properties and cellular uptake of photo-triggered mixed metallosurfactant vesicles intended for controlled CO delivery in gas therapy. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 228:113422. [PMID: 37356136 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The scientific relevance of carbon monoxide has increased since it was discovered that it is a gasotransmitter involved in several biological processes. This fact stimulated research to find a secure and targeted delivery and lead to the synthesis of CO-releasing molecules. In this paper we present a vesicular CO delivery system triggered by light composed of a synthetized metallosurfactant (TCOL10) with two long carbon chains and a molybdenum-carbonyl complex. We studied the characteristics of mixed TCOL10/phosphatidylcholine metallosomes of different sizes. Vesicles from 80 to 800 nm in diameter are mainly unilamellar, do not disaggregate upon dilution, in the dark are physically and chemically stable at 4 °C for at least one month, and exhibit a lag phase of about 4 days before they show a spontaneous CO release at 37 °C. Internalization of metallosomes by cells was studied as function of the incubation time, and vesicle concentration and size. Results show that large vesicles are more efficiently internalized than the smaller ones in terms of the percentage of cells that show TCOL10 and the amount of drug that they take up. On balance, TCOL10 metallosomes constitute a promising and viable approach for efficient delivery of CO to biological systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Trallero
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut de Recerca de l'Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau - Centre CERCA, Genomics of Complex Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maribel Marín-García
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Elena Álvarez-Marimon
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Núria Benseny-Cases
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain; Consorcio para la Construcción Equipamiento y Explotacion del Laboratorio de Luz Sincrotron, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.
| | - Ramon Barnadas-Rodríguez
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Biophysics Unit/Center for Biophysical Studies, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang H, Wang LL, Pang XY, Yang LP, Jiang W. Molecular recognition and photoprotection of riboflavin in water by a biomimetic host. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13724-13727. [PMID: 34871338 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05818e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
A water-soluble tetralactam macrocycle with 2,6-diethoxynaphthalene groups as side walls is able to strongly bind riboflavin (Ka >107 M-1) in water through hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect. The encapsulated riboflavin can be stabilized by the host against photo-degradation under UV-vis irradiation, which may be harnessed to extend the shelf life of riboflavin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China. .,Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study&Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Xin-Yu Pang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Wei Jiang
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Xueyuan Blvd 1088, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tănase MA, Raducan A, Oancea P, Diţu LM, Stan M, Petcu C, Scomoroşcenco C, Ninciuleanu CM, Nistor CL, Cinteza LO. Mixed Pluronic-Cremophor Polymeric Micelles as Nanocarriers for Poorly Soluble Antibiotics-The Influence on the Antibacterial Activity. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040435. [PMID: 33804932 PMCID: PMC8063824 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, novel polymeric mixed micelles from Pluronic F127 and Cremophor EL were investigated as drug delivery systems for Norfloxacin as model antibiotic drug. The optimal molar ratio of surfactants was determined, in order to decrease critical micellar concentration (CMC) and prepare carriers with minimal surfactant concentrations. The particle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency were determined for both pure and mixed micelles with selected composition. In vitro release kinetics of Norfloxacin from micelles show that the composition of surfactant mixture generates tunable extended release. The mixed micelles exhibit good biocompatibility against normal fibroblasts MRC-5 cells, while some cytotoxicity was found in all micellar systems at high concentrations. The influence of the surfactant components in the carrier on the antibacterial properties of Norfloxacin was investigated. The drug loaded mixed micellar formulation exhibit good activity against clinical isolated strains, compared with the CLSI recommended standard strains (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922). P. aeruginosa 5399 clinical strain shows low sensitivity to Norfloxacin in all tested micelle systems. The results suggest that Cremophor EL-Pluronic F127 mixed micelles can be considered as novel controlled release delivery systems for hydrophobic antimicrobial drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Antonia Tănase
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.T.); (A.R.); (P.O.)
| | - Adina Raducan
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.T.); (A.R.); (P.O.)
| | - Petruţa Oancea
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.T.); (A.R.); (P.O.)
| | - Lia Mara Diţu
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 60101 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Miruna Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, ICUB-Research Institute of the University of Bucharest, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Cristian Petcu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.N.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (L.O.C.)
| | - Cristina Scomoroşcenco
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.N.)
| | - Claudia Mihaela Ninciuleanu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.N.)
| | - Cristina Lavinia Nistor
- National Institute for Research and Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, Polymer Department, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania; (C.S.); (C.M.N.); (C.L.N.)
| | - Ludmila Otilia Cinteza
- Physical Chemistry Department, University of Bucharest, 030018 Bucharest, Romania; (M.A.T.); (A.R.); (P.O.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (L.O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qadeer K, Arsalan A, Ahmad I, Fatima K, Anwar Z, Ahmed S, Khattak SUR, Mahmud S. Photochemical interaction of cyanocobalamin and hydroxocobalamin with cysteine. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Hybrid Pectin-Liposome Formulation against Multi-Resistant Bacterial Strains. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12080769. [PMID: 32823823 PMCID: PMC7465986 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12080769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the development of a gastroresistant antimicrobial formulation composed of two carriers, pectin and liposomes, intended to improve the efficiency of norfloxacin (NOR) against multi-resistant bacterial strains. The formulations showed physicochemical stability for 180 days (4 °C) in terms of size, polydispersity, and zeta potential of the vesicles, prolonging the in vitro release of NOR for 11 h. The hybrid nanocarriers improved the in vitro antimicrobial activity against different multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, such as Salmonella sp., Pseudomonasaeruginosa, E. coli and Campylobacterjejuni, in comparison to commercial NOR and liposomal suspensions. The in vivo toxicity assay in chicken embryos revealed that the hybrid systems were not toxic in any of the different parameters analyzed, a result also corroborated by the analyses of biochemical biomarkers of the chicken-embryos liver function.
Collapse
|
6
|
Arsalan A, Qadeer K, Ali SA, Ahmed S, Khan RA, Sheraz MA, Hassan S, Ahmad I. The effect of albumin in photostabilization of riboflavin: A kinetic study. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2020.112456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
|
7
|
Dolinina ES, Akimsheva EY, Parfenyuk EV. Development of Novel Silica-based Formulation of α-Lipoic Acid: Evaluation of Photo and Thermal Stability of the Encapsulated Drug. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030228. [PMID: 32143535 PMCID: PMC7150826 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Powerful antioxidant α-lipoic acid (LA) is easily degraded under light and heating. This creates difficulties in its manufacture, storage and reduces efficiency and safety of the drug. The purpose of this work was to synthesize novel silica-based composites of LA and evaluate their ability to increase photo and thermal stability of the drug. It was assumed that the drug stabilization can be achieved due to LA-silica interactions. Therefore, the composites of LA with unmodified and organomodified silica matrixes were synthesized by sol-gel method at the synthesis pH below or above the pKa of the drug. The effects of silica matrix modification and the synthesis pH on the LA-silica interactions and kinetics of photo and thermal degradation of LA in the composites were studied. The nature of the interactions was revealed by FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that the rate of thermal degradation of the drug in the composites was significantly lower compared to free LA and mainly determined by the LA-silica interactions. However, photodegradation of LA in the composites under UV irradiation was either close to that for free drug or significantly more rapid. It was shown that kinetics of photodegradation was independent of the interactions and likely determined by physical properties of surface of the composite particles (porosity and reflectivity). The most promising composites for further development of novel silica-based formulations were identified.
Collapse
|
8
|
Arsalan A, Ahmad I, Ali SA, Qadeer K, Mahmud S, Humayun F, Beg AE. The kinetics of photostabilization of cyanocobalamin in liposomal preparations. INT J CHEM KINET 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adeel Arsalan
- Faculty of PharmacyZiauddin University Karachi Pakistan
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBaqai Medical University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Ahmad
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBaqai Medical University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of ChemistryInternational Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | - Kiran Qadeer
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBaqai Medical University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Mahmud
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical SciencesBaqai Medical University Karachi Pakistan
| | - Fozia Humayun
- H.E.J. Research Institute of ChemistryInternational Center for Chemical and Biological SciencesUniversity of Karachi Karachi Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fraix A, Afonso D, Consoli GML, Sortino S. A calix[4]arene-based ternary supramolecular nanoassembly with improved fluoroquinolone photostability and enhanced NO photorelease. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2019; 18:2216-2224. [PMID: 30855613 DOI: 10.1039/c9pp00011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Micellar-like nanoassemblies of a sulfonate amphiphilic calix[4]arene (1) are able to effectively co-entrap the fluoroquinolone antibacterial norfloxacin (2) and a hydrophobic nitric oxide (NO) photodonor (3), leading to a ternary supramolecular complex having a diameter of ca. 150 nm and a zeta potential of -48 mV. Outstanding photochemical stabilization of the otherwise photolabile fluoroquinolone 2 is observed under UVA excitation. Besides, visible light excitation leads to a remarkable enhancement of the NO photorelease efficiency of 3. Both the results can be explained on the basis of a "cage effect" of the micellar host that, in the case of 2, hinders the formation of the precursor complex responsible for the photodegradation, whereas in the case of 3 it provides a low polarity environment and easily abstractable hydrogens, which facilitate the radical-mediated mechanism involved in NO photorelease. Therefore, this supramolecular ternary nanoassembly simultaneously overcomes the main limitations of the free individual guests such as photolability and low photoreactivity. In view of the well-known antibacterial properties of the NO radical and the biocompatibility of the calixarene host, this nanoassembly represents a suitable bimodal system to be tested in antibacterial research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Fraix
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Science, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Damien Afonso
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Science, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| | - Grazia M L Consoli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, C.N.R., Via P. Gaifami, 18, I-95126, Catania, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Sortino
- Laboratory of Photochemistry, Department of Drug Science, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zgadzaj A, Giebułtowicz J, Gubernator J, Podbielska M, Sommer S, Zaremba-Czogalla M, Nałęcz-Jawecki G. Multi- and unilamellar liposomal encapsulation of ciprofloxacin as ways to modify its phototoxicity and photodegradation. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 129:181-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
11
|
Siddiqui NH, Ali SA, Azhar I, Tarar OM, Mahmood ZA. Modulation of extraction variables of pectin from Manilkarazapota fruit peel, its bio characterization, and comparative study using dynamic light scattering studies. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1457695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Abid Ali
- International Centre for Chemical & Biological Sciences, ICCBS, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Azhar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Omer Mukhtar Tarar
- Pakistan Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jamal MA, Naseem B, Khosa MK, Muneer M, Khan JH. Effect of anionic micellar medium on thermo-acoustical parameters of aspartic acid and serine solutions. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.04.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
13
|
Ahmad I, Anwar Z, Ahmed S, Sheraz MA, Khattak SUR. Metal ion mediated photolysis reactions of riboflavin: A kinetic study. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 173:231-239. [PMID: 28599240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of metal ion complexation on the photolysis of riboflavin (RF) using various metal ions (Ag+, Ni2+, Co2+, Fe2+, Ca2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Pb2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe3+) has been studied. Ultraviolet and visible spectral and fluorimetric evidence has been obtained to confirm the formation of metal-RF complexes. The kinetics of photolysis of RF in metal-RF complexes at pH7.0 has been evaluated. The apparent first-order rate constant (kobs) for the photolysis of RF and the formation of lumichrome (LC) and lumiflavin (LF) (0.001M phosphate buffer) and LC, LF and cyclodehydroriboflavin (CDRF) (0.2-0.4M phosphate buffer) have been determined. The values of kobs indicate that the rate of photolysis of RF is promoted by divalent and trivalent metal ions. The second-order rate constants (k' ) for the interaction of metal ions with RF are in the order: Zn2+>Mg2+>Pb2+>Mn2+>Cu2+>Cd2+>Fe2+>Ca2+>Fe3+>Co2+>Ni2+>Ag+. In phosphate buffer (0.2-0.4M), an increase in the metal ion concentration leads to a decrease in the formation of LC compared to that of CDRF by different pathways. The photoproducts of RF have been identified and RF and the photoproducts have simultaneously been assayed by a multicomponent spectrometric method. The mode of photolysis of RF in metal-RF complexes has been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Ahmad
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Zubair Anwar
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi 74600, Pakistan.
| | - Sofia Ahmed
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Sheraz
- Baqai Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi 74600, Pakistan
| | - Saif-Ur-Rehman Khattak
- Central Drug Laboratories, Ministry of Health, DRAP, Block-B, S.M.C.H., Karachi 74400, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Panahi Y, Farshbaf M, Mohammadhosseini M, Mirahadi M, Khalilov R, Saghfi S, Akbarzadeh A. Recent advances on liposomal nanoparticles: synthesis, characterization and biomedical applications. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 45:788-799. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1282496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yunes Panahi
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Farshbaf
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Mozhdeh Mirahadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rovshan Khalilov
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Joint Ukrainian-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych Ukraine & Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Siamak Saghfi
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
- Joint Ukrainian-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych Ukraine & Baku, Azerbaijan
| | - Abolfazl Akbarzadeh
- Joint Ukrainian-Azerbaijan International Research and Education Center of Nanobiotechnology and Functional Nanosystems, Drohobych Ukraine & Baku, Azerbaijan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|