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Ameen RQ, Amin ZA, Ahmad HO, Ghafur DD, Toma MG, Sabah N, Fakhir M, Abdulla G. Gastroprotective effect of rhodanine and 2,4-thiazolidinediones scaffolds in rat stomachs by contribution of anti-apoptotic (BCL-2) and tumor suppressor (P53) proteins. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1699. [PMID: 38242960 PMCID: PMC10799065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51446-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent times, the methods used to evaluate gastric ulcer healing worldwide have been based on visual examinations and estimating ulcer dimensions in experimental animals. In this study, the protective effect of rhodanine and 2,4-thiazolidinediones scaffolds compared to esomeprazole was investigated in an ethanol model of stomach ulcers in rats. Pretreatment with experimental treatments or esomeprazole prevented the development of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. The severity of the lesions and injuries was significantly lower than that of vehicle (10% Tween 80) treated rats. Significant and excellent results were obtained with the compound 6 group, with inhibition percentage and ulcer area values of 97.8% and 12.8 ± 1.1 mm2, respectively. Synthesized compounds 2, 7 and 8 exhibited inhibition percentages and ulcer areas of 94.3% and 31.2 ± 1.1 mm2, 91. 3% and 48.1 ± 0. 8 mm2, 89. 5% and 57. 6 ± 1. 2 mm2, and 89. 1% and 60.3 ± 0. 8 mm2, respectively. These biological outcomes are consistent with the docking studies in which Compounds 7 and 8 showed remarkable binding site affinities toward human H+/K+-ATPase α protein (ID: P20648), rat H+/K+-ATPase α protein (ID: P09626), and Na+/K+-ATPase crystal structure (PDB ID:2ZXE) with binding site energies of - 10.7, - 9.0, and - 10.4 (kcal/mol) and - 8.7, - 8.5, and - 8.0 (kcal/mol), respectively. These results indicate that these test samples were as effective as esomeprazole. Likewise, immunohistochemical staining of antiapoptotic (BCL2) and tumor suppressor (P53) proteins showed strong positive marks in the10% Tween 80- treated group, opposing the mild staining results for the esomeprazole-treated group. Similarly, the staining intensity of the group treated with Compounds 2-8 was variable for both proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozh Q Ameen
- Department of Pharmacy, Paitaxt Technical Institute, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Zahra A Amin
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Hiwa O Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq.
- Pharmacy Department, College of Medicine, University of Kurdistan- Hewlêr, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Diler D Ghafur
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Melodya G Toma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Nyan Sabah
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Muhammad Fakhir
- Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
| | - Gardoon Abdulla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, 44001, Iraq
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Mathew G, Sharma A, Pickering RJ, Rosado CJ, Lemarie J, Mudgal J, Thambi M, Sebastian S, Jandeleit-Dahm KA, de Haan JB, Unnikrishnan MK. A novel synthetic small molecule DMFO targets Nrf2 in modulating proinflammatory/antioxidant mediators to ameliorate inflammation. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1140-1157. [PMID: 30422019 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1533636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a protective immune response against invading pathogens, however, dysregulated inflammation is detrimental. As the complex inflammatory response involves multiple mediators, including the involvement of reactive oxygen species, concomitantly targeting proinflammatory and antioxidant check-points may be a more rational strategy. We report the synthesis and anti-inflammatory/antioxidant activity of a novel indanedione derivative DMFO. DMFO scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) in in-vitro radical scavenging assays and in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In acute models of inflammation (carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat paw and air pouch), DMFO effectively reduced paw oedema and leucocyte infiltration with an activity comparable to diclofenac. DMFO stabilised mast cells (MCs) in in-vitro A23187 and compound 48/80-induced assays. Additionally, DMFO stabilised MCs in an antigen (ovalbumin)-induced MC degranulation model in-vivo, without affecting serum IgE levels. In a model of chronic immune-mediated inflammation, Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis, DMFO reduced arthritic score and contralateral paw oedema, and increased the pain threshold with an efficacy comparable to diclofenac but without being ulcerogenic. Additionally, DMFO significantly reduced serum TNFα levels. Mechanistic studies revealed that DMFO reduced proinflammatory genes (IL1β, TNFα, IL6) and protein levels (COX2, MCP1), with a concurrent increase in antioxidant genes (NQO1, haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), Glo1, Nrf2) and protein (HO-1) in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Importantly, the anti-inflammatory/antioxidant effect on gene expression was absent in primary macrophages isolated from Nrf2 KO mice suggesting an Nrf2-targeted activity, which was subsequently confirmed using siRNA transfection studies in RAW macrophages. Therefore, DMFO is a novel, orally-active, safe (even at 2 g/kg p.o.), a small molecule which targets Nrf2 in ameliorating inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetha Mathew
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India.,b Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain , Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia.,c Department of Diabetes, the Alfred Centre , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Arpeeta Sharma
- b Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain , Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Raelene J Pickering
- c Department of Diabetes, the Alfred Centre , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Carlos J Rosado
- c Department of Diabetes, the Alfred Centre , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jeremie Lemarie
- b Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain , Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jayesh Mudgal
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Magith Thambi
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Sarine Sebastian
- a Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
| | - Karin A Jandeleit-Dahm
- b Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain , Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia.,c Department of Diabetes, the Alfred Centre , Monash University , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Judy B de Haan
- b Oxidative Stress Laboratory, Basic Science Domain , Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Mazhuvancherry K Unnikrishnan
- d Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Manipal Academy of Higher Education , Manipal , India
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Mudgal J, Manohara Reddy SA, Mathew G, Kishore A, Mallikarjuna Rao C, Nampurath GK. Heterocyclic homoprostanoid derivative attenuates monoarthritis in rats: An in vitro and in vivo preclinical paradigm. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 111:320-329. [PMID: 29032304 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
From our lab, among the nineteen heterocyclic homoprostanoids (HHPs), three derivatives (compounds 3, 3b and 3c) exerted antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. Present study is an extension of the earlier work, and, is designed to establish their therapeutic potential in monoarthritis in rats. In addition, their possible mechanism of action would be investigated. A battery of in vitro tests such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite (NO)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) and NO/interleukin (IL)-6 generation in murine macrophages and whole blood (WhB), respectively were conducted. Later, in vitro cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme inhibitory activity was also evaluated. All the tested compounds showed comparable efficacy against ROS and NO in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. However, compound 3 did not exert inhibitory effect on LPS-induced NO/IL-6 generation in WhB assay. Compounds (3b and 3c) inhibited the NO generation in LPS-stimulated WhB. However, only compound 3b reversed the raised IL-6 levels in this assay. None of the test compounds inhibited COX iso-enzymes in the in vitro assay. All three HHPs showed comparable efficacy against carrageenan-induced paw inflammation. However, none of them exhibited any dose-dependent effect in this model. Based upon previous reports, compound 3c was explored against adjuvant-induced monoarthritis (AIA) in male Sprague-Dawley rats, where it exerted promising therapeutic effect. In addition to radiological and histological examinations of tibio-tarsal joint, various parameters such as chronic inflammation/pain, clinical score, interleukin (IL)-6 levels and complete blood cell profile were evaluated in AIA rats. Chronic treatment with 3c halted the disease progression in rats, improved the overall health of animals, as demonstrated by haematological, clinical scoring and joint examinations (radiological and histopathological). Inhibitory effect on elevated IL-6 in AIA rats suggested the possible mechanism of 3c on cytokine signalling. Overall, the study supports the anti-arthritic potential of compound 3c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayesh Mudgal
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - S A Manohara Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Geetha Mathew
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Anoop Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - C Mallikarjuna Rao
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gopalan K Nampurath
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal 576 104, Karnataka, India.
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