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Wang X, Lu H, Luo F, Wang D, Wang A, Wang X, Feng W, Wang X, Su J, Liu M, Xia G. Lipid-like gemcitabine diester-loaded liposomes for improved chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer. J Control Release 2024; 365:112-131. [PMID: 37981050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM) is a non-selective chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Its antitumor efficacy is limited by a short plasma half-life and severe adverse reactions. To overcome these shortcomings, four novel lipid-like GEM diesters were synthesized and encapsulated into liposomes. Through optimization, dimyristoyl GEM (dmGEM)-loaded liposomes (LipodmGEM) were successfully obtained with an almost complete encapsulation efficiency. Compared to free GEM, LipodmGEM showed enhanced cellular uptake and cell apoptosis, improved inhibition of cell migration on AsPC-1 cells and a greatly extended half-life (7.22 vs. 1.78 h). LipodmGEM succeeded in enriching the drug in the tumor (5.28 vs. 0.03 μmol/g at 8 h), overcoming a major shortcoming of GEM, showed excellent anticancer efficacy in vivo and negligible systemic toxicity, superior to GEM. Attractive as well, suspensions of LipodmGEM remained stable at 2-10 °C away from light for no <2 years. Our results suggest that LipodmGEM might become of high interest for treating pancreatic cancer while the simple strategy we reported might be explored as well for converting other antitumor drugs with high water-solubility and short plasma half-life into attractive nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Fang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Apeng Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xuelei Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Wenkai Feng
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Jiayi Su
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
| | - Guimin Xia
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China.
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Butsri S, Kukongviriyapan V, Senggunprai L, Kongpetch S, Prawan A. All‑ trans‑retinoic acid induces RARB‑dependent apoptosis via ROS induction and enhances cisplatin sensitivity by NRF2 downregulation in cholangiocarcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:179. [PMID: 35464301 PMCID: PMC9025595 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has been clinically used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia and is being studied to treat other types of cancer; however, the therapeutic role and mechanism of ATRA against cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remain unclear. The present study investigated the cytotoxic effect and underlying mechanisms of ATRA on CCA cell lines. Cell viability was evaluated by sulforhodamine B assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were assessed by dihydroethidium assay. Apoptosis analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The pathways of apoptotic cell death induction were examined using enzymatic caspase activity assay. Proteins associated with apoptosis were evaluated by western blotting. The effects on gene expression were analyzed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. ATRA induced a concentration- and time-dependent toxicity in CCA cells. Furthermore, when the cytotoxicity of ATRA against retinoic acid receptor (RAR)-deficient cells was assessed, it was revealed that ATRA cytotoxicity was RARB-dependent. Following ATRA treatment, there was a significant accumulation of cellular ROS and ATRA-induced ROS generation led to an increase in the expression levels of apoptosis-inducing proteins and intrinsic apoptosis. Pre-treatment with ROS scavengers could diminish the apoptotic effect of ATRA, suggesting that ROS and mitochondria may have an essential role in the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, following ATRA treatment, an increase in cellular ROS content was associated with suppressing nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NFE2L2 or NRF2) and NRF2-downstream active genes. ATRA also suppressed cisplatin-induced NRF2 expression, suggesting that the enhancement of cisplatin cytotoxicity by ATRA may be associated with the downregulation of NRF2 signaling. In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrated that ATRA could be repurposed as an alternative drug for CCA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriwoot Butsri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Laddawan Senggunprai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sarinya Kongpetch
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Auemduan Prawan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Liu Y, Chang M, Hu Z, Xu X, Wu W, Ning M, Hang T, Song M. Danggui Buxue Decoction enhances the anticancer activity of gemcitabine and alleviates gemcitabine-induced myelosuppression. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:113965. [PMID: 33639205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD) as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used to treat blood deficiency. With the immune regulation and hematopoietic effect, DBD improved the quality of life in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We previously reported that DBD sensitized the response of NSCLC to Gemcitabine (Gem); however, the synergism and attenuation mechanism on the combination of Gem and DBD has not yet been elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the mechanisms of DBD in enhancing the anticancer activity of Gem and alleviating Gem-induced myelosuppression. MATERIALS AND METHODS A549 nude mice model was established to study the effect on the combination of Gem and DBD. The organ indices, peripheral blood cells and the hematopoiesis-related cytokines were analyzed in Gem-induced myelosuppressive mice. Then we studied the whole process from Gem-induced bone marrow suppression to self-healing, and the mechanism of DBD's attenuation by the experiments of bone marrow nucleated cells (BMNCs). RESULTS There were an enhanced anticancer effect and an improvement of hematopoietic function by combining of Gem and DBD in A549 nude mice model. DBD regulated Hu antigen R (HuR), deoxycytidine kinase (dCK) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), increased the expression of thrombopoietin (TPO) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). For Gem-induced myelosuppressive mice, DBD improved the number of peripheral blood cells and the levels of hematopoiesis-related cytokines. Moreover, DBD was observed to reduce deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content at the G1 phase, promoted BMNCs proliferation and up-regulated cycle-related proteins. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that DBD not only improved the sensitivity of Gem but also alleviated Gem-induced myelosuppression. This study may provide a pharmacological basis for the combination of DBD and Gem in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ming Chang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhaoliang Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Manru Ning
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Taijun Hang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Min Song
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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4
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Kakwere H, Ingham ES, Tumbale SK, Ferrara KW. Gemcitabine-retinoid prodrug loaded nanoparticles display in vitro antitumor efficacy towards drug-resilient human PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 117:111251. [PMID: 32919625 PMCID: PMC7684797 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of pancreatic cancer with gemcitabine is hampered by its rapid metabolism in vivo, the dense stroma around the tumor site which prevents the drug from reaching the cancerous cells and drug resistance. To address these challenges, this study describes the preparation of a retinoid prodrug of gemcitabine, GemRA (gemcitabine conjugated to retinoic acid), and its formulation into a nanoparticulate system applicable for pancreatic cancer treatment. Retinoic acid targets stellate cells which are part of the stroma and can thus augment the delivery of gemcitabine. GemRA dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide presented efficacy towards PANC-1 (human) and mT4 (mouse) pancreatic cancer cell lines but its poor solubility in aqueous solution affects its applicability. Thus, the preparation of the nanoparticles was initially attempted through self-assembly of GemRA, which resulted in the formation of unstable aggregates that precipitated during preparation. As a result, encapsulation of the drug into micelles of polyethylene glycol-retinoic acid (PGRA) amphiphilic conjugates was accomplished and resulted in successful incorporation of GemRA into nanoparticles of ca. 33 nm by dynamic light scattering and 25 nm by transmission electron microscopy. The nanoparticles had good stability in aqueous media and protected gemcitabine from the enzymatic action of cytidine deaminase, which converts gemcitabine to its inactive metabolite upon circulation. Cellular uptake of the nanoparticles by PANC-1 cells was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and flow cytometry. Treatment of PANC-1 cells in vitro with the prodrug-loaded nanoparticles resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability (IC50 ca. 5 μM) compared to treatment with gemcitabine (IC50 > 1000 μM). The ability of the GemRA-loaded nanoparticles to induce cellular apoptosis of treated PANC-1 cells was ascertained via a TUNEL assay suggesting these nanoparticles are effective in pancreatic cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamilton Kakwere
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Ingham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California (Davis), Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Spencer K Tumbale
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katherine W Ferrara
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Jentzsch V, Davis JAA, Djamgoz MBA. Pancreatic Cancer (PDAC): Introduction of Evidence-Based Complementary Measures into Integrative Clinical Management. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3096. [PMID: 33114159 PMCID: PMC7690843 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of pancreatic cancer is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which comprises some 85% of all cases. Currently, this is the fourth highest cause of cancer mortality worldwide and its incidence is rising steeply. Commonly applied clinical therapies offer limited chance of a lasting cure and the five-year survival rate is one of the lowest of the commonly occurring cancers. This review cultivates the hypothesis that the best management of PDAC would be possible by integrating 'western' clinical medicine with evidence-based complementary measures. Protecting the liver, where PDAC frequently first spreads, is also given some consideration. Overall, the complementary measures are divided into three groups: dietary factors, nutraceutical agents and lifestyle. In turn, dietary factors are considered as general conditioners, multi-factorial foodstuffs and specific compounds. The general conditioners are alkalinity, low-glycemic index and low-cholesterol. The multi-factorial foodstuffs comprise red meat, fish, fruit/vegetables, dairy, honey and coffee. The available evidence for the beneficial effects of the specific dietary and nutraceutical agents was considered at four levels (in order of prominence): clinical trials, meta-analyses, in vivo tests and in vitro studies. Thus, 9 specific agents were identified (6 dietary and 3 nutraceutical) as acceptable for integration with gemcitabine chemotherapy, the first-line treatment for pancreatic cancer. The specific dietary agents were the following: Vitamins A, C, D and E, genistein and curcumin. As nutraceutical compounds, propolis, triptolide and cannabidiol were accepted. The 9 complementary agents were sub-grouped into two with reference to the main 'hallmarks of cancer'. Lifestyle factors covered obesity, diabetes, smoking, alcohol and exercise. An integrative treatment regimen was devised for the management of PDAC patients. This involved combining first-line gemcitabine chemotherapy with the two sub-groups of complementary agents alternately in weekly cycles. The review concludes that integrated management currently offers the best patient outcome. Opportunities to be investigated in the future include emerging modalities, precision medicine, the nerve input to tumors and, importantly, clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Jentzsch
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Business School, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - James A. A. Davis
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
| | - Mustafa B. A. Djamgoz
- Department of Life Sciences, Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, UK; (V.J.); (J.A.A.D.)
- Biotechnology Research Centre, Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Nicosia, TRNC, Mersin 10, Turkey
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Masuda T, Mori A, Ito S, Ohtsuki S. Quantitative and targeted proteomics-based identification and validation of drug efficacy biomarkers. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2020; 36:100361. [PMID: 33097418 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics refers to the large-scale study of proteins, providing comprehensive and quantitative information on proteins in tissue, blood, and cell samples. In many studies, proteomics utilizes liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Proteomics has developed from a qualitative methodology of protein identification to a quantitative methodology for comparing protein expression, and it is currently classified into two distinct methodologies: quantitative and targeted proteomics. Quantitative proteomics comprehensively identifies proteins in samples, providing quantitative information on large-scale comparative profiles of protein expression. Targeted proteomics simultaneously quantifies only target proteins with high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, in biomarker research, quantitative proteomics is used for the identification of biomarker candidates, and targeted proteomics is used for the validation of biomarkers. Understanding the specific characteristics of each method is important for conducting appropriate proteomics studies. In this review, we introduced the different characteristics and applications of quantitative and targeted proteomics, and then discussed the results of our recent proteomics studies that focused on the identification and validation of biomarkers of drug efficacy. These findings may enable us to predict the outcomes of cancer therapy and drug-drug interactions with antibiotics through changes in the intestinal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Ayano Mori
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Shingo Ito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Sumio Ohtsuki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, School of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
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Pothula SP, Pirola RC, Wilson JS, Apte MV. Pancreatic stellate cells: Aiding and abetting pancreatic cancer progression. Pancreatology 2020; 20:409-418. [PMID: 31928917 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tumour-stromal interactions have now been acknowledged to play a major role in pancreatic cancer (PC) progression. The abundant collagenous stroma is produced by a specific cell type in the pancreas-the pancreatic stellate cell (PSC). Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are a unique resident cell type of pancreas and with a critical role in both healthy and diseased pancreas. Accumulating evidence indicates that PSCs interact closely with cancer cells as well as with other cell types of the stroma such as immune cells, endothelial cells and neuronal cells, to set up a growth permissive microenvironment for pancreatic tumours, which facilitates local tumour growth as well as distant metastasis. Consequently, recent work in the field has focused on the development of novel therapeutic approaches targeting the stroma to inhibit PC progression. Such a multi-pronged approach targeting both tumour and stromal elements of PC has been successfully applied in pre-clinical settings. The challenge now is to translate the pre-clinical findings into the clinical setting to achieve better outcomes for pancreatic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa P Pothula
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, and the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Romano C Pirola
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, and the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Jeremy S Wilson
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, and the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia
| | - Minoti V Apte
- Pancreatic Research Group, South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, and the Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, Australia.
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Wang K, Baldwin GS, Nikfarjam M, He H. Antitumor effects of all-trans retinoic acid and its synergism with gemcitabine are associated with downregulation of p21-activated kinases in pancreatic cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G632-G640. [PMID: 30844294 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00344.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been used as an antistromal agent in PDA, and its antitumor effect has also been reported in various kinds of cancer, including PDA. Inhibition of p21-activated kinases (PAKs) is associated with decreased tumor growth and increased gemcitabine sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of ATRA alone and in combination with gemcitabine on cell growth and migration of wild-type and gemcitabine-resistant PDA cells and the potential mechanism(s) involved. Human (MiaPaCa-2) and murine (TB33117) PDA cell lines were incubated in increasing concentrations of gemcitabine to establish resistant clones. Cell growth, clonogenicity, and migration/invasion were determined using a sulforhodamine B assay, a colony formation assay, and a Boyden chamber assay, respectively. Protein expression was measured by Western blotting. ATRA reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration/invasion in both wild-type and gemcitabine-resistant cell lines. PAK1 expression was significantly increased in resistant cells. Cells treated with ATRA showed decreased expression of PAK1, PAK2, PAK4, and α-smooth muscle actin. The combination of ATRA and gemcitabine synergistically reduced cell growth in both wild-type and gemcitabine-resistant cell lines. Depletion of PAK1 enhanced ATRA sensitivity in MiaPaCa-2 cells. In conclusion, the antitumor effects of ATRA and its synergism with gemcitabine are associated with downregulation of PAKs. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The inhibitory effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on cell proliferation, colony formation, and migration/invasion was associated with downregulation of p21-activated kinases (PAKs), and depletion of PAK1 enhanced ATRA sensitivity in MiaPaCa-2 cells. The combination of ATRA and gemcitabine synergistically reduced cell growth in both wild-type and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. As an important prognostic marker, α-smooth muscle actin also can be downregulated by ATRA in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Graham S Baldwin
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Mehrdad Nikfarjam
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
| | - Hong He
- Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Victoria , Australia
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9
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Kuroda H, Tachikawa M, Yagi Y, Umetsu M, Nurdin A, Miyauchi E, Watanabe M, Uchida Y, Terasaki T. Cluster of Differentiation 46 Is the Major Receptor in Human Blood-Brain Barrier Endothelial Cells for Uptake of Exosomes Derived from Brain-Metastatic Melanoma Cells (SK-Mel-28). Mol Pharm 2018; 16:292-304. [PMID: 30452273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain metastasis is a frequent complication of cancer and may be mediated, at least in part, by the internalization of cancer-cell-derived exosomes into brain capillary endothelial cells. Clarifying the mechanism(s) of this internalization is of interest because it could help us to develop ways to block brain metastasis, as well as affording a potential new route for drug delivery into the brain. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to address this issue by identifying the receptors involved in the internalization of exosomes derived from a brain-metastatic cancer cell line (SK-Mel-28) into human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cells). The combination of sulfo-SBED-based cross-linking and comprehensive proteomics yielded 20 proteins as exosome receptor candidates in hCMEC/D3 cells. The uptake of PKH67-labeled exosomes by hCMEC/D3 cells measured at 37 °C was significantly reduced by 95.6% at 4 °C and by 15.3% in the presence of 1 mM RGD peptide, an integrin ligand. Therefore, we focused on the identified RGD receptors, integrin α5 and integrin αV, and CD46, which is reported to act as an adenovirus receptor, together with integrin αV. A mixture of neutralizing antibodies against integrin α5 and integrin αV significantly decreased the exosome uptake by 11.8%, while application of CD46 siRNA reduced it by 39.0%. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the presence of CD46 in human brain capillary endothelial cells. These results suggest that CD46 is a major receptor for the uptake of SK-Mel-28-derived exosomes by human blood-brain barrier endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3 cells).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kuroda
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Masanori Tachikawa
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Yuta Yagi
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Mina Umetsu
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Armania Nurdin
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Eisuke Miyauchi
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Michitoshi Watanabe
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchida
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Division of Membrane Transport and Drug Targeting, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578 , Japan
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10
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de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA, da Rocha Sousa L, Alencar MVOB, de Oliveira Santos JV, da Mata AMO, Paz MFCJ, de Carvalho RM, Nunes NMF, Islam MT, Mendes AN, Gonçalves JCR, da Silva FCC, Ferreira PMP, de Castro E Sousaa JM. Retinol palmitate and ascorbic acid: Role in oncological prevention and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1394-1405. [PMID: 30551390 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer development has been directly related to oxidative stress. During chemotherapy, some cancer patients use dietary antioxidants to avoid nutritional deficiencies due to cancer treatment. Among the antioxidants consumed, there are vitamins, including retinyl palmitate (PR) and ascorbic acid (AA), which have the capacity to reduce free radicals formation, protect cellular structures and maintain the cellular homeostasis. This systematic review evaluated the antioxidant and antitumor mechanisms of retinol palmitate (a derivative of vitamin A) and/or ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in cancer-related studies. Ninety-seven (97) indexed articles in the databases PubMed and Science Direct, published between 2013 and 2017, including 23 clinical studies (5 for every single compound while 13 in interaction) and 74 non-clinical studies (37 for retinol palmitate, 36 for ascorbic acid and 1 in interaction) were considered. Antioxidant and antitumor effects, with controversies over dosage and route of administration, were observed for the test compounds in their isolated form or associated in clinical studies. Prevention of cancer risks against oxidative damage was seen in lower doses of retinol palmitate and/or vitamin C. However, at high doses, they can generate reactive oxygen species, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in test systems. Non-clinical studies using cell lines have allowed understanding the mechanisms related to antioxidants and antitumor effects of the isolated compounds, however, studies on vitamin interactions, acting as antioxidants and/or antitumor are still rare and controversial. More studies, mainly related to modulation of antineoplastic drugs are needed for understanding the risks and benefits of their use during treatment in order to achieve effectiveness in cancer therapy and patient's quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Leonardo da Rocha Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Marcus Vinícius Oliveira Barros Alencar
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - José Victor de Oliveira Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira da Mata
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Ricardo Melo de Carvalho
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Nárcia Mariana Fonseca Nunes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Anderson Nogueira Mendes
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology of Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Juan Carlos Ramos Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Felipe Cavalcanti Carneiro da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64.067-670, Brazil
| | - Paulo Michel Pinheiro Ferreira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences. Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Department of Biophysics and Physiology of Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Piauí, 64.049-550, Brazil; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - João Marcelo de Castro E Sousaa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam; Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64.067-670, Brazil.
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11
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Wang H, Mislati R, Ahmed R, Vincent P, Nwabunwanne SF, Gunn JR, Pogue BW, Doyley MM. Elastography Can Map the Local Inverse Relationship between Shear Modulus and Drug Delivery within the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 25:2136-2143. [PMID: 30352906 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High tissue pressure prevents chemotherapeutics from reaching the core of pancreatic tumors. Therefore, targeted therapies have been developed to reduce this pressure. While point probes have shown the effectiveness of these pressure-reducing therapies via single-location estimates, ultrasound elastography is now widely available as an imaging technique to provide real-time spatial maps of shear modulus (tissue stiffness). However, the relationship between shear modulus and the underlying tumor microenvironmental causes of high tissue pressure has not been investigated. In this work, elastography was used to investigate how shear modulus influences drug delivery in situ, and how it correlates with collagen density, hyaluronic acid content, and patent vessel density-features of the tumor microenvironment known to influence tissue pressure. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Intravenous injection of verteporfin, an approved human fluorescent drug, was used in two pancreatic cancer xenograft models [AsPC-1 (n = 25) and BxPC-3 (n = 25)]. RESULTS Fluorescence intensity was higher in AsPC-1 tumors than in BxPC-3 tumors (P < 0.0001). Comparing drug uptake images and shear wave elastographic images with histologic images revealed that: (i) drug delivery and shear modulus were inversely related, (ii) shear modulus increased linearly with increasing collagen density, and (iii) shear modulus was marginally correlated with the local assessment of hyaluronic acid content. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that elastography could guide targeted therapy and/or identify patients with highly elevated tissue pressure.See related commentary by Nia et al., p. 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexuan Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Reem Mislati
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Rifat Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Phuong Vincent
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - Jason R Gunn
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Marvin M Doyley
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
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