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Cheon S, Kim JS, Woo MR, Ji SH, Park S, Ud Din F, Kim JO, Youn YS, Oh KT, Lim SJ, Jin SG, Chung JE, Choi HG. Establishment of nanoparticle screening technique: A pivotal role of sodium carboxymethylcellulose in enhancing oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble aceclofenac. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134246. [PMID: 39098461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
A novel nanoparticle screening technique was established to mostly enhance the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of aceclofenac using nanoparticle systems. Among the polymers investigated, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC) showed the greatest increase in drug solubility. Utilizing spray-drying technique, the solvent-evaporated solid dispersion (SESD), surface-attached solid dispersion (SASD), and solvent-wetted solid dispersion (SWSD) were prepared using aceclofenac and Na-CMC at a weight ratio of 1:1 in 50 % ethanol, distilled water, and ethanol, respectively. Using Na-CMC as a solid carrier, an aceclofenac-loaded liquid self-emulsifying drug delivery system was spray-dried and fluid-bed granulated together with microcrystalline cellulose, producing a solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) and solid self-nanoemulsifying granule system (SNEGS), respectively. Their physicochemical properties and preclinical assessments in rats were performed. All nanoparticles exhibited very different properties, including morphology, crystallinity, and size. As a result, they significantly enhanced the solubility, dissolution, and oral bioavailability in the following order: SNEDDS ≥ SNEGS > SESD ≥ SASD ≥ SWSD. Based on our screening technique, the SNEDDS was selected as the optimal nanoparticle with the highest bioavailability of aceclofenac. Thus, our nanoparticle screening technique should be an excellent guideline for solubilization research to improve the solubility and bioavailability of many poorly water-soluble bioactive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Cheon
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Mi Ran Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Sang Hun Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Seonghyeon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea
| | - Fakhar Ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Jong Oh Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyongsan 38541, South Korea
| | - Yu Seok Youn
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Kyung Taek Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jeong Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, South Korea
| | - Sung Giu Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, South Korea.
| | - Jee-Eun Chung
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea.
| | - Han-Gon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, South Korea.
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Merchant J, Müllertz A, Rades T, Bannow J. Functionalized calcium carbonate (FCC) as a novel carrier to solidify supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (super-SNEDDS). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 193:198-207. [PMID: 37926269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Functionalized calcium carbonate (FCC), a novel pharmaceutical excipient, has shown promising properties in the field of oral drug delivery. The current study aimed at evaluating the feasibility of FCC as a carrier for the solidification of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) containing the poorly water-soluble model drug carvedilol (CRV). Conventional, subsaturated SNEDDS (80 %-SNEDDSliquid) and supersaturated SNEDDS (200 %-SNEDDSliquid) were loaded onto FCC via physical adsorption at three ratios; 2.5:1, 3.0:1 and 3.5:1 (w/w) of FCC:SNEDDSliquid, respectively, generating free-flowing powders (SNEDDSFCC) with drug loading ranging from 0.8 % to 2.6 % (w/w) CRV. The emulsification of SNEDDSFCC in a USP II dissolution setup (in purified water) was characterized using dynamic light scattering, resulting in similar droplet sizes and PDIs as observed for their liquid counterparts. The morphology and physical state of the obtained SNEDDSFCC were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The physical stability and drug release upon dispersion were assessed as a function of storage time. The 200 %-SNEDDSliquid were physically stable for 6 days, however, solidification using FCC stabilized the supersaturated concentrations of CRV for a test period of up to 10 weeks (solidification ratios 3.0:1 and 3.5:1 (FCC:SNEDDSliquid)). SNEDDSFCC achieved an improved rate and extent of drug release upon dispersion compared to the crystalline CRV in tap water (pH 7.5), however, to a lesser extent than their liquid counterparts. After 8 weeks of storage (25 °C at dry conditions), FCC was still able to rapidly release the SNEDDSliquid and demonstrated the same rate and extent of drug release as freshly prepared samples. The solidification of 200 %-SNEDDSliquid in presence of FCC greatly improved the drug loading and showed an enhanced drug release profile compared to the conventional systems. In conclusion, FCC showed potential as a carrier for solidification of SNEDDS and for the development of novel supersaturated solid SNEDDS for the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumana Merchant
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anette Müllertz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Bannow
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yilmaz Usta D, Olgac S, Timur B, Teksin ZS. Development and pharmacokinetic evaluation of Neusilin® US2-based S-SNEDDS tablets for bosentan: Fasted and fed states bioavailability, IVIS® real-time biodistribution, and ex-vivo imaging. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123219. [PMID: 37433349 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The study reported here aimed to develop and optimize the S-SNEDDS tablet of bosentan (BOS) and to investigate its pharmacokinetic and biodistribution properties. The BOS-loaded SNEDDS have been developed and characterized in a previous study. The BOS-loaded SNEDDS formulation was converted to S-SNEDDS using Neusilin® US2. The S-SNEDDS tablets were obtained using the direct compression technique, and in vitro dissolution, in vitro lipolysis, and ex-vivo permeability studies of the tablets were performed. The S-SNEDDS tablet and reference tablet (Tracleer®) were administered to male Wistar rats at 50 mg/kg dose by oral gavage in fasted and fed state conditions. The biodistribution of the S-SNEDDS tablet was investigated in Balb/c mice using fluorescent dye. The tablets were dispersed in distilled water before administration to animals. The relationship between in vitro dissolution data and in vivo plasma concentration was examined. The S-SNEDDS tablets showed 2.47, 7.49, 3.70, and 4.39 increases in the percentages of cumulative dissolution in FaSSIF, FeSSIF, FaSSIF-V2, and FeSSIF-V2, respectively, when compared to the reference, and increased the Cmax and AUC 2.65 and 1.28-fold and 4.73 and 2.37-fold in fasted and fed states, respectively, when compared to the reference. S-SNEDDS tablets also significantly reduced interindividual variability in both fasted and fed states (p < 0.05). The XenoLight™ DiR and VivoTag® 680XL labeled S-SNEDDS tablet formulation increased the real-time biodistribution in the body by factors of 2.4 and 3.4 and organ uptake and total emission increased by factors of 2.8 and 3.1, respectively. The IVIVR has been successfully established for S-SNEDDS tablets (R2 > 0.9). The present study confirms the potential of the S-SNEDDS tablet to enhance the in vitro and in vivo performance of BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duygu Yilmaz Usta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkiye.
| | - Seval Olgac
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkiye.
| | - Burcu Timur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkiye; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Esenkoy, 67600, Zonguldak, Turkiye.
| | - Zeynep Safak Teksin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler 06330, Ankara, Turkiye.
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Tashish AY, Shahba AAW, Alanazi FK, Kazi M. Adsorbent Precoating by Lyophilization: A Novel Green Solvent Technique to Enhance Cinnarizine Release from Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (S-SNEDDS). Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010134. [PMID: 36678766 PMCID: PMC9863206 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Solidification by high surface area adsorbents has been associated with major obstacles in drug release. Accordingly, new approaches are highly demanded to solve these limitations. The current study proposes to improve the drug release of solidified self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) to present dual enhancement of drug solubilization and formulation stabilization, using cinnarizine (CN) as a model drug. METHODS The solidification process involved the precoating of adsorbent by lyophilization of the aqueous dispersion of polymer-adsorbent mixture using water as a green solvent. Then, the precoated adsorbent was mixed with drug-loaded liquid SNEDDS to prepare solid SNEDDS. The solid-state characterization of developed cured S-SNEDDS was done using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). In vitro dissolution studies were conducted to investigate CN SNEDDS performance at pH 1.2 and 6.8. The solidified formulations were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), powder flow properties, scanning electron microscopy, and droplet size analysis. In addition, the optimized formulations were evaluated through in vitro lipolysis and stability studies. RESULTS The cured solid SNEDDS formula by PVP k30 showed acceptable self-emulsification and powder flow properties. XRD and DSC revealed that CN was successfully amorphized into drug-loaded S-SNEDDS. The uncured solid SNEDDS experienced negligible drug release (only 5% drug release after 2 h), while the cured S-SNEDDS showed up to 12-fold enhancement of total drug release (at 2 h) compared to the uncured counterpart. However, the cured S- SNEDDS showed considerable CN degradation and decrease in drug release upon storage in accelerated conditions. CONCLUSIONS The implemented solidification approach offers a promising technique to minimize the adverse effect of adsorbent on drug release and accomplish improved drug release from solidified SNEDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Yousef Tashish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Kayyali Research Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abdul-Wahhab Shahba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.-W.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +966-(11)-4677372(M.K.); Fax: +966-(11)-4676295 (M.K.)
| | - Fars Kaed Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Kayyali Research Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.-W.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +966-(11)-4677372(M.K.); Fax: +966-(11)-4676295 (M.K.)
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Hwang KM, Choi MS, Seok SH, Park ES. Development of self-microemulsifying tablets containing dutasteride for enhanced dissolution and pharmacokinetic profile. Int J Pharm 2022; 618:121660. [PMID: 35292395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop self-microemulsifying tablets containing the hydrophobic drug dutasteride for easy administration and high in vivo absorption. The candidate lipids and surfactants were formulated into a self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS), and their mean droplet size upon dilution was evaluated. The SMEDDS containing Capmul® MCM, Captex® 355, and Cremophor® EL showed improved dissolution in the gastric medium when compared to the dissolution of the conventional product (Avodart®) and the raw drug. Among the various porous silicon microparticles for solidifying SMEDDS, Neusilin® US2 showed favorable properties in terms of maximum adsorption capacity, powder flow, and compaction. However, the amount of drug released from the solidified SMEDDS after the adsorption process was lower than that of liquid SMEDDS, indicating incomplete desorption. After observing the effect of the solid-to-liquid ratio and pre-filling the pores with blank SMEDDS, complete desorption was obtained when the pores were first adsorbed with polyvinylpyrrolidone. The self-microemulsifying tablets exhibited improved bioavailability (29.9% and 15.2%) compared to the conventional soft gelatin product. Therefore, the proposed system could successfully solubilize the hydrophobic drug while maintaining rapid and complete desorption from the solid carrier, resulting in enhanced in vivo performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Mok Hwang
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Center, JW Pharmaceutical Corporation, Seoul 06725, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Seok Choi
- Pharmaceutical Technology Research Center, JW Pharmaceutical Corporation, Seoul 06725, Republic of Korea; School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Seok
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Seok Park
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang W, Li G, Xiao C, Chang X, Sun Y, Fan W, Tian B, Gao D, Xiao Y, Wu X, He S, Zhai G. Mesoporous Silica Carrier-Based Composites for Taste-Masking of Bitter Drug: Fabrication and Palatability Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:75. [PMID: 35169970 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Palatability is one of the most critical characteristics of oral preparations. Therefore, the exploration of new techniques to mask the aversive taste of drugs is in continuous demand. In this study, we fabricated and characterized composites based on mesoporous silica (MPS) that consisted of MPS, a bitter drug, and release regulators. We conducted a palatability evaluation to assess the taste-masking efficacy of the composites. The composites were prepared using the dry impregnation method combined with hot-melt extrusion. Morphology and components distribution in composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder flow properties evaluation, and nitrogen-sorption measurement. The results demonstrated that drugs mainly existed in the inner pore of composites, and release regulators existed in the inner pore and covered the composites' surface. Interactions among the composite components were studied using powder X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The drug loaded into the composites was amorphous, and an intermolecular interaction occurred between the drug and the MPS. Taste-masked composites significantly reduced drug release levels under mouth conditions; thus, they prevented the interaction of the dissolved drug with taste receptors and improved palatability. An electronic tongue evaluation and a human taste panel assessment confirmed the better palatability of taste-masked composites. Moreover, the desired drug release behavior can be adjusted by choosing an appropriate release regulator, with stronger hydrophobicity of release regulators resulting in slower drug release. This work has provided new insights into taste-masking strategies for drugs with unpleasant tastes.
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Alshadidi A, Shahba AAW, Sales I, Rashid MA, Kazi M. Combined Curcumin and Lansoprazole-Loaded Bioactive Solid Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (Bio-SSNEDDS). Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:pharmaceutics14010002. [PMID: 35056898 PMCID: PMC8781459 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study aimed to design a novel combination of lansoprazole (LNS) and curcumin (CUR) solid oral dosage form using bioactive self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (Bio-SSNEDDS). METHODS Liquid SNEDDS were prepared using the lipid-excipients: Imwitor988 (cosurfactant), Kolliphor El (surfactant), the bioactive black seed (BSO) and/or zanthoxylum rhetsa seed oils (ZRO). Liquid SNEDDS were loaded with CUR and LNS, then solidified using commercially available (uncured) and processed (cured) Neusilin® US2 (NUS2) adsorbent. A novel UHPLC method was validated to simultaneously quantify CUR and LNS in lipid-based formulations. The liquid SNEDDS were characterized in terms of self-emulsification, droplet size and zeta-potential measurements. The solidified SNEDDS were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in vitro dissolution and stability in accelerated storage conditions. RESULTS Liquid SNEDDS containing BSO produced a transparent appearance and ultra-fine droplet size (14 nm) upon aqueous dilution. The solidified SNEDDS using cured and uncured NUS2 showed complete solidification with no particle agglomeration. DSC and XRD confirmed the conversion of crystalline CUR and LNS to the amorphous form in all solid SNEDDS samples. SEM images showed that CUR/LNS-SNEDDS were relatively spherical and regular in shape. The optimized solid SNEDDS showed higher percent of cumulative release as compared to the pure drugs. Curing NUS2 with 10% PVP led to significant enhancement of CUR and LNS dissolution efficiencies (up to 1.82- and 2.75-fold, respectively) compared to uncured NUS2-based solid SNEDDS. These findings could be attributed to the significant (50%) reduction in the micropore area% in cured NUS2 which reflects blocking very small pores allowing more space for the self-emulsification process to take place in the larger-size pores. Solid SNEDDS showed significant enhancement of liquid SNEDDS stability after 6 months storage in accelerated conditions. CONCLUSIONS The developed Bio-SSNEDDS of CUR and LNS using processed NUS2 could be used as a potential combination therapy to improve the treatment of peptic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Alshadidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Abdul-Wahhab Shahba
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (A.A.-W.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +966-(11)-4694253 (A.A.-W.S.); +966-(11)-4677372 (M.K.); Fax: +966-(11)-4676295 (A.A.-W.S. & M.K.)
| | - Ibrahim Sales
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Md Abdur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Aseer, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia;
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.A.-W.S.); (M.K.); Tel.: +966-(11)-4694253 (A.A.-W.S.); +966-(11)-4677372 (M.K.); Fax: +966-(11)-4676295 (A.A.-W.S. & M.K.)
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Solid self emulsifying drug delivery system: Superior mode for oral delivery of hydrophobic cargos. J Control Release 2021; 337:646-660. [PMID: 34384795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A significant proportion of recently approved drug molecules possess poor aqueous solubility which further restrains their desired bioavailability. Poor aqueous solubility of these drugs poses significant hurdles in development of novel drug delivery systems and achieving target response. Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) emerged as an insightful approach for delivering highly hydrophobic entities to enhance their bioavailability. Conventional SEDDS were developed in a liquid form which owned numerous shortcomings like low stability and drug loading efficiency, fewer choices of dosage forms and irreversible precipitation of drug or excipients. To address these curbs solid-SEDDS (S-SEDDS) was introduced as an efficient strategy that combined advantages of solid dosage forms such as increased stability, portability and patient compliance along with substantial improvement in the bioavailability. S-SEDDS are isotropic mixtures of oil, surfactant, solvent and co-solvents generated by solidification of liquid or semisolid self-emulsifying ingredients onto powders. The present review highlights components of S-SEDDS, their peculiarities to be considered while designing solid dosage forms and various methods of fabrication. Lastly, key challenges faced during development, applications and future directions for the research in this area are thoroughly summarized.
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Mandić J, Kosmač I, Kovačević M, Hodnik B, Hodnik Ž, Vrečer F, Gašperlin M, Perissutti B, Zvonar Pobirk A. Evaluation of solid carvedilol-loaded SMEDDS produced by the spray drying method and a study of related substances. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120783. [PMID: 34111547 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, various formulations of solidified carvedilol-loaded SMEDDS with high SMEDDS loading (up to 67% w/w) were produced with the spray drying process using various porous silica-based carriers. The process yield was improved with higher atomization gas flow rate during the spray drying process and with prolonged mixing time of dispersion of liquid SMEDDS and solid porous carriers prior to the spray drying process. Depending on the choice of the carrier and the SMEDDS:carrier ratio in solid SMEDDS, different drug loading, self-microemulsifying properties, drug release rates, and released drug fractions were obtained. The products exhibited fast drug release due to preserved self-microemulsifying properties and the absence of crystalline carvedilol, which was confirmed with XRD and Raman mapping. A decrease in drug content during the stability study was observed and investigated. This was at least partially attributed to the chemical degradation of the drug. Key degradation products determined by the LC-MS method were amides formed by in situ reaction of carvedilol with fatty acids present in the oily phase of SMEDDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mandić
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Krka, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - I Kosmač
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Krka, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - M Kovačević
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B Hodnik
- Krka, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - Ž Hodnik
- Krka, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - F Vrečer
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Krka, d.d, Novo mesto, Šmarješka cesta 6, 8000 Novo mesto, Slovenia
| | - M Gašperlin
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - B Perissutti
- University of Trieste, Dept. of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, P.le Europa 1, Trieste, Italy
| | - A Zvonar Pobirk
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aškerčeva cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Shahba AA, Tashish AY, Alanazi FK, Kazi M. Combined Self-Nanoemulsifying and Solid Dispersion Systems Showed Enhanced Cinnarizine Release in Hypochlorhydria/Achlorhydria Dissolution Model. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050627. [PMID: 33924928 PMCID: PMC8145116 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aims to design a novel combination of drug-free solid self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (S-SNEDDS) + solid dispersion (SD) to enhance cinnarizine (CN) dissolution at high pH environment caused by hypochlorhydria/achlorhydria. Drug-loaded and drug-free liquid SNEDDS were solidified using Neusilin® US2 at 1:1 and 1:2 ratios. Various CN-SDs were prepared using freeze drying and microwave technologies. The developed SDs were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). In-vitro dissolution studies were conducted to evaluate CN formulations at pH 6.8. Drug-free S-SNEDDSs showed acceptable self-emulsification and powder flow properties. DSC and XRD showed that CN was successfully amorphized into SDs. The combination of drug-free S-SNEDDS + pure CN showed negligible drug dissolution due to poor CN migration into the formed nanoemulsion droplets. CN-SDs and drug-loaded S-SNEDDS showed only 4% and 23% dissolution efficiency (DE) while (drug-free S-SNEDDS + FD-SD) combination showed 880% and 160% enhancement of total drug release compared to uncombined SD and drug-loaded S-SNEDDS, respectively. (Drug-free S-SNEDDS + SD) combination offer a potential approach to overcome the negative impact of hypochlorhydria/achlorhydria on drug absorption by enhancing dissolution at elevated pH environments. In addition, the systems minimize the adverse effect of adsorbent on drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A. Shahba
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (F.K.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad Y. Tashish
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fars K. Alanazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (F.K.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.S.); (F.K.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +966-(11)-4677372; Fax: +966-(11)-4676295
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11
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Friedl JD, Jörgensen AM, Le‐Vinh B, Braun DE, Tribus M, Bernkop-Schnürch A. Solidification of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS): Impact on storage stability of a therapeutic protein. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 584:684-697. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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12
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Ali R, Mehta P, Kyriaki Monou P, Arshad MS, Panteris E, Rasekh M, Singh N, Qutachi O, Wilson P, Tzetzis D, Chang MW, Fatouros DG, Ahmad Z. Electrospinning/electrospraying coatings for metal microneedles: A design of experiments (DOE) and quality by design (QbD) approach. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 156:20-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bahadur S, Yadu K, Baghel P, Naurange T, Sahu M. Review of formulation and evaluation of self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS). SCIENCERISE: PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.15587/2519-4852.2020.210825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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In Vitro Performance and Chemical Stability of Lipid-Based Formulations Encapsulated in a Mesoporous Magnesium Carbonate Carrier. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050426. [PMID: 32384752 PMCID: PMC7284621 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid-based formulations can circumvent the low aqueous solubility of problematic drug compounds and increase their oral absorption. As these formulations are often physically unstable and costly to manufacture, solidification has been suggested as a way to minimize these issues. This study evaluated the physicochemical stability and in vitro performance of lipid-loaded mesoporous magnesium carbonate (MMC) particles with an average pore size of 20 nm. A medium chain lipid was loaded onto the MMC carrier via physical adsorption. A modified in vitro lipolysis setup was then used to study lipid release and digestion with 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The lipid loading efficiency with different solidification techniques was also evaluated. The MMC, unlike more commonly used porous silicate carriers, dissolved during the lipolysis assay, providing a rapid release of encapsulated lipids into solution. The digestion of the dispersed lipid-loaded MMC therefore resembled that of a coarse dispersion of the lipid. The stability data demonstrated minor degradation of the lipid within the pores of the MMC particles, but storage for three months did not reveal extensive degradation. To conclude, lipids can be adsorbed onto MMC, creating a solid powder from which the lipid is readily released into the solution during in vitro digestion. The chemical stability of the formulation does however merit further attention.
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Kazi M, Shahba AA, Alrashoud S, Alwadei M, Sherif AY, Alanazi FK. Bioactive Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (Bio-SNEDDS) for Combined Oral Delivery of Curcumin and Piperine. Molecules 2020; 25:E1703. [PMID: 32276393 PMCID: PMC7181043 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Bioactive oils of natural origin have gained huge interests from health care professionals and patients. Objective: To design a bioactive self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (Bio-SNEDDS) comprising curcumin (CUR) and piperine (PP) by incorporating bioactive natural oils in the formulation. Methods: The self-emulsifying properties of apricot, avocado, black seed and Zanthoxylum rhetsa seed oils were screened within various SNEDDS formulations. Each liquid SNEDDS formulation was loaded with both CUR and PP. The optimal liquid SNEDDS were solidified using Aeroperl® and Neusilin® at 1:1 w/w ratio. Liquid and solid SNEDDS were characterized by droplet size analysis, equilibrium solubility, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In-vitro dissolution studies were performed to evaluate the efficiency of CUR and PP release from solid Bio-SNEDDS. Results: The liquid SNEDDS comprised of black seed oil exhibited excellent self-emulsification performance, low droplet size along with transparent appearance. The inclusion of the cosolvent Transcutol P improved the solubilization capacity of both CUR and PP. The liquid SNEDDS were efficiently solidified using the two adsorbents and presented the drugs within amorphous state. In particular, SNEDDS comprised of black seed oil/Imwitor988/Transcutol P/Cremophor RH40 (20/20/10/50) and when solidified with Neusilin showed enhanced CUR and PP release (up to 60% and 77%, respectively). In addition, this formulation efficiently delivers the highly bioactive black seed oil to the patient. Conclusions: The optimized Bio-SNEDDS comprising black seed oil showed outstanding self-emulsification characteristics along with enhanced CUR/PP dissolution upon solidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (A.Y.S.); (F.K.A.)
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmad A. Shahba
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Saad Alrashoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (A.Y.S.); (F.K.A.)
| | - Majed Alwadei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (A.Y.S.); (F.K.A.)
| | - Abdelrahman Y. Sherif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (A.Y.S.); (F.K.A.)
| | - Fars K. Alanazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh-11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.); (M.A.); (A.Y.S.); (F.K.A.)
- Kayyali Chair for Pharmaceutical Industries, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Ahmed N, Kermanshahi B, Ghazani SM, Tait K, Tcheng M, Roma A, Callender SP, Smith RW, Tam W, Wettig SD, Rogers MA, Marangoni AG, Spagnuolo PA. Avocado-derived polyols for use as novel co-surfactants in low energy self-emulsifying microemulsions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5566. [PMID: 32221368 PMCID: PMC7101315 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62334-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.; Lauraceae) seed-derived polyhydroxylated fatty alcohols (PFAs) or polyols (i.e., avocadene and avocadyne) are metabolic modulators that selectively induce apoptosis of leukemia stem cells and reverse pathologies associated with diet-induced obesity. Delivery systems containing avocado polyols have not been described. Herein, natural surface active properties of these polyols are characterized and incorporated into self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) that rely on molecular self-assembly to form fine, transparent, oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions as small as 20 nanometers in diameter. Mechanistically, a 1:1 molar ratio of avocadene and avocadyne (i.e., avocatin B or AVO was shown to be a eutectic mixture which can be employed as a novel, bioactive, co-surfactant that significantly reduces droplet size of medium-chain triglyceride O/W emulsions stabilized with polysorbate 80. In vitro cytotoxicity of avocado polyol-SEDDS in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines indicated significant increases in potency and bioactivity compared to conventional cell culture delivery systems. A pilot pharmacokinetic evaluation of AVO SEDDS in C57BL/6J mice revealed appreciable accumulation in whole blood and biodistribution in key target tissues. Lastly, incorporation of AVO in SEDDS significantly improved encapsulation of the poorly water-soluble drugs naproxen and curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaz Ahmed
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Behnoush Kermanshahi
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Saeed M Ghazani
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Katrina Tait
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Matthew Tcheng
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Alessia Roma
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | - Shannon P Callender
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Richard W Smith
- University of Waterloo Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - William Tam
- Guelph-Waterloo Centre for Graduate Work in Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shawn D Wettig
- School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
- Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave. W., Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Michael A Rogers
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada
| | | | - Paul A Spagnuolo
- Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2WI, Canada.
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Mechanistic aspects of drug loading in liquisolid systems with hydrophilic lipid-based mixtures. Int J Pharm 2020; 578:119099. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Chairuk P, Tubtimsri S, Jansakul C, Sriamornsak P, Weerapol Y. Enhancing oral absorption of poorly water-soluble herb (Kaempferia parviflora) extract using self-nanoemulsifying formulation. Pharm Dev Technol 2019; 25:340-350. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2019.1703134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pilaipan Chairuk
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sukannika Tubtimsri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chaweewan Jansakul
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Pornsak Sriamornsak
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
- Academy of Science, Royal Society of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yotsanan Weerapol
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
- Pharmaceutical Biopolymer Group (PBiG), Faculty of Pharmacy, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Almeida SRD, Tippavajhala VK. A Rundown Through Various Methods Used in the Formulation of Solid Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (S-SEDDS). AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:323. [PMID: 31654184 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The most common route of the drug administration is oral route despite the fact that most drugs have low oral aqueous solubility and bioavailability especially for BCS class II and class IV drugs. Many methods have been developed in recent years to overcome the poor solubility and oral bioavailability which includes self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) as one of the approaches. Not only for hydrophobic drugs, but also for hydrophilic compounds with low permeability, bioavailability can be enhanced by self nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems. Recently, a lot of focus and attention has been put in the conversion of liquid SEDDS (L-SEDDS) to solid SEDDS (S-SEDDS) to overcome the limitations of liquid formulations related to their physical and chemical stability, portability, accurate dosing, and limited choices of dosage forms. This article aims to review the formulation components used in SEDDS, various approaches used in the conversion of L-SEDDS to S-SEDDS, their applications, merits, and demerits.
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Prajapat MD, Butani SB, Gohel MC. Liquisolid: A promising technique to improve dissolution efficiency and bioavailability of poorly water soluble nimodipine. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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21
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Bindhani S, Mohapatra S, Kar R. Self Emulsifying Drug Delivery System: A Recent Approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.14233/ajchem.2019.21569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, nearly 40 % newer drugs compounds are hydrophobic in nature, which is a major challenge now-a-days for oral drug delivering due to low aqueous solubility. Lipid based drug delivery system is one of the favourable approach for poorly soluble compounds which can improve the drug absorption and oral bioavailability. Due to ion-pairing with appropriate surfactant and co-surfactant the macromolecular drug molecular oil droplet being found in the gut flow oral absorption which sufficiently stable towards lipase. Due to the formation of emulsified drug in micron level, it can efficiently endow the oral bioavailability. Several comprehensive papers have been published in the literature illustration diverse type of lipid based formulation with recent advancements. This article is based on an exhaustive and updated review on newer technology which out line an explicit discussion on its formulations and industrial scale up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabitri Bindhani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Khandagiri, Bhubhaneswar- 751030, India
| | - S. Mohapatra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Khandagiri, Bhubhaneswar- 751030, India
| | - R.K. Kar
- Department of of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dadhichi College of Pharmacy, Cuttack-754002, India
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Patki M, Patel K. Development of a solid supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying preconcentrate (S-superSNEP) of fenofibrate using dimethylacetamide and a novel co-processed excipient. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2018; 45:405-414. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2018.1546311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manali Patki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, USA
| | - Ketankumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, New York, USA
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Huang J, Wang Q, Sun R, Li T, Xia N, Xia Q. A novel solid self-emulsifying delivery system (SEDS) for the encapsulation of linseed oil and quercetin: Preparation and evaluation. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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