1
|
Havrylyuk D, Heidary DK, Glazer EC. The Impact of Inorganic Systems and Photoactive Metal Compounds on Cytochrome P450 Enzymes and Metabolism: From Induction to Inhibition. Biomolecules 2024; 14:441. [PMID: 38672458 PMCID: PMC11048704 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While cytochrome P450 (CYP; P450) enzymes are commonly associated with the metabolism of organic xenobiotics and drugs or the biosynthesis of organic signaling molecules, they are also impacted by a variety of inorganic species. Metallic nanoparticles, clusters, ions, and complexes can alter CYP expression, modify enzyme interactions with reductase partners, and serve as direct inhibitors. This commonly overlooked topic is reviewed here, with an emphasis on understanding the structural and physiochemical basis for these interactions. Intriguingly, while both organometallic and coordination compounds can act as potent CYP inhibitors, there is little evidence for the metabolism of inorganic compounds by CYPs, suggesting a potential alternative approach to evading issues associated with rapid modification and elimination of medically useful compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - David K. Heidary
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27067, USA;
| | - Edith C. Glazer
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27067, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu W, Zhao Z, Falconer J, Whittaker AK, Popat A, Smith MT, Kumeria T, Han FY. Sustained release ketamine-loaded porous silicon-PLGA microparticles prepared by an optimized supercritical CO 2 process. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:676-694. [PMID: 33907987 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00991-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine in sub-anaesthetic doses has analgesic properties and an opioid-sparing effect. Intrathecal (i.t.) delivery of analgesics bypasses systemic metabolism and delivers the analgesic agent adjacent to the target receptors in the spinal cord and so small doses are required to achieve effective pain relief. In order to relieve intractable cancer-related pain, sustained-release ketamine formulations are required in combination with a strong opioid because frequent i.t. injection is not practical. In this study, ketamine or ketamine-loaded porous silicon (pSi) were encapsulated into poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles by a novel supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) method, thereby avoiding the use of organic solvent. Multiple parameters including theoretical drug loading (DL), presence of pSi, size of scCO2 vessel, PLGA type, and use of co-solvent were investigated with a view to obtaining high DL and a sustained-release for an extended period. The most important finding was that the use of a large scCO2 vessel (60 mL) resulted in a much higher encapsulation efficiency (EE) compared with a small vessel (12 mL). In addition, pre-loading ketamine into pSi slightly improved the level of drug incorporation (i.e. EE and DL). Although the in vitro release was mainly affected by the drug payload, the use of the large scCO2 vessel reduced the burst release and extended the release period for PLGA microparticles with 10% or 20% ketamine loading. Together, our findings provide valuable information for optimization of drug delivery systems prepared with the aid of scCO2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weizhi Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zonglan Zhao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - James Falconer
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew K Whittaker
- Australia Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Felicity Y Han
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
- Australia Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sathyanarayanan G, Haapala M, Sikanen T. Digital Microfluidics-Enabled Analysis of Individual Variation in Liver Cytochrome P450 Activity. Anal Chem 2020; 92:14693-14701. [PMID: 33099994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The superfamily of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes is responsible for the intrinsic clearance of the majority of therapeutic drugs in humans. However, the kinetics of drug clearance via CYPs varies significantly among individuals due to both genetic and external factors, and the enzyme amount and function are also largely impacted by many liver diseases. In this study, we developed a new methodology, based on digital microfluidics (DMF), for rapid determination of individual alterations in CYP activity from human-derived liver samples in biopsy-scale. The assay employs human liver microsomes (HLMs), immobilized on magnetic beads to facilitate determination of the activity of microsomal CYP enzymes in a parallelized system at physiological temperature. The thermal control is achieved with the help of a custom-designed, inkjet-printed microheater array modularly integrated with the DMF platform. The CYP activities are determined with the help of prefluorescent, enzyme-selective model compounds by quantifying the respective fluorescent metabolites based on optical readout in situ. The selectivity and sensitivity of the assay was established for four different CYP model reactions, and the diagnostic concept was validated by determining the interindividual variation in one of the four model reaction activities, that is, ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (CYP1A1/2), between five donors. Overall, the developed protocol consumes only about 15 μg microsomal protein per assay. It is thus technically adaptable to screening of individual differences in CYP enzyme function from biopsy-scale liver samples in an automated fashion, so as to support tailoring of medical therapies, for example, in the context of liver disease diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gowtham Sathyanarayanan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E 00014, Finland
| | - Markus Haapala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E 00014, Finland
| | - Tiina Sikanen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E 00014, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Recent advances in physiologically based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models for anticancer nanomedicines. Arch Pharm Res 2020; 43:80-99. [PMID: 31975317 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-020-01209-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have distinct pharmacokinetic (PK) properties and can potentially improve the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination (ADME) of small-molecule drugs loaded therein. Owing to the unwanted toxicities of anticancer agents in healthy organs and tissues, their precise delivery to the tumor is an essential requirement. There have been numerous advancements in the development of nanomedicines for cancer therapy. Physiologically based PK (PBPK) models serve as excellent tools for describing and predicting the ADME properties and the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, in combination with pharmacodynamic (PD) models. The recent preliminary application of these modeling approaches to NPs demonstrated their potential benefits in research and development processes relevant to the ADME and pharmacodynamics of NPs and nanomedicines. Here, we comprehensively review the pharmacokinetics of NPs, the developed PBPK models for anticancer NPs, and the developed PD model for anticancer agents.
Collapse
|
5
|
Cornu R, Béduneau A, Martin H. Influence of nanoparticles on liver tissue and hepatic functions: A review. Toxicology 2019; 430:152344. [PMID: 31843632 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.152344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the increasing interest in nanotechnology in very large application fields, including biotechnology, electronics and food industries, humans are increasingly exposed to nanoparticles (NPs). Consequently, the question about the safety of these nanomaterials and their impact on human health is a legitimate concern. The liver is the primary organ of detoxification and is one of the tissues that is most exposed to NPs. When they reach the bloodstream, NPs are mainly internalized by liver cells. This review focuses on recent in vitro and in vivo studies addressing the effects of organic and inorganic NPs on the liver. Specifically, the impact of the NPs on hepatic enzyme activities, the inflammatory response and genotoxicity processes will be described. Depending on the physicochemical parameters of the NPs and the conditions of exposure, NPs could lead to global liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Cornu
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, F-25000 Besançon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choi K, Joo H. Impact of Gold Nanoparticles on Testosterone Metabolism in Human Liver Microsomes. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:205. [PMID: 31209583 PMCID: PMC6579798 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-019-3021-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-protein corona complexes can alter cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated testosterone (TST) metabolism by altering their physicochemical properties. We investigated the impact of NP size, surface chemistry, and protein corona in TST metabolism in pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) employing 40 and 80 nm AuNP functionalized with branched polyethylenimine (BPEI), lipoic acid (LA), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as well as human plasma protein corona (PC). Individual variation in AuNP-mediated TST metabolism was also characterized among single donor HLM that contained different levels of CYP activities. Inhibitory effects of 40 nm AuNP and to a lesser degree of 80 nm AuNP occurred for the production of a total of five hydroxylated metabolites of TST in pHLM but PC alleviated them. Meanwhile, naked AuNP increased androstenedione production. Interindividual variation in TST metabolism occurred within single donor HLM. In most cases, 40 and 80 nm naked and PC AuNP essentially suppressed TST metabolism at non-inhibitory concentration but PC PEG-AuNP increased androstenedione. These studies contribute to a better understanding of the role of AuNP as TST disruptor by altering TST metabolism and could be utilized to screen other NP as potential endocrine disruptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungju Choi
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Hyun Joo
- Department of Anatomy & Physiology, Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS), College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pan Y, Ong CE, Pung YF, Chieng JY. The current understanding of the interactions between nanoparticles and cytochrome P450 enzymes – a literature-based review. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:863-876. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1503360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Pan
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Chin Eng Ong
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuh Fen Pung
- Department of Biomedical Science, The University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Jin Yu Chieng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Li W, Liu Z, Fontana F, Ding Y, Liu D, Hirvonen JT, Santos HA. Tailoring Porous Silicon for Biomedical Applications: From Drug Delivery to Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703740. [PMID: 29534311 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, porous silicon (PSi) has attracted increasing attention for its potential biomedical applications. With its controllable geometry, tunable nanoporous structure, large pore volume/high specific surface area, and versatile surface chemistry, PSi shows significant advantages over conventional drug carriers. Here, an overview of recent progress in the use of PSi in drug delivery and cancer immunotherapy is presented. First, an overview of the fabrication of PSi with various geometric structures is provided, with particular focus on how the unique geometry of PSi facilitates its biomedical applications, especially for drug delivery. Second, surface chemistry and modification of PSi are discussed in relation to the strengthening of its performance in drug delivery and bioimaging. Emerging technologies for engineering PSi-based composites are then summarized. Emerging PSi advances in the context of cancer immunotherapy are also highlighted. Overall, very promising research results encourage further exploration of PSi for biomedical applications, particularly in drug delivery and cancer immunotherapy, and future translation of PSi into clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zehua Liu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Flavia Fontana
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yaping Ding
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dongfei Liu
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouni T Hirvonen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hélder A Santos
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|