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Pal N, Sharma P, Kumawat M, Singh S, Verma V, Tiwari RR, Sarma DK, Nagpal R, Kumar M. Phage therapy: an alternative treatment modality for MDR bacterial infections. Infect Dis (Lond) 2024; 56:785-817. [PMID: 39017931 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2024.2379492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing global incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial infections threatens public health and compromises various aspects of modern medicine. Recognising the urgency of this issue, the World Health Organisation has prioritised the development of novel antimicrobials to combat ESKAPEE pathogens. Comprising Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter spp. and Escherichia coli, such pathogens represent a spectrum of high to critical drug resistance, accounting for a significant proportion of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. In response to the waning efficacy of antibiotics against these resilient pathogens, phage therapy (PT) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. This review provides a comprehensive summary of clinical research on PT and explores the translational journey of phages from laboratory settings to clinical applications. It examines recent advancements in pre-clinical and clinical developments, highlighting the potential of phages and their proteins, alone or in combination with antibiotics. Furthermore, this review underlines the importance of establishing safe and approved routes of phage administration to patients. In conclusion, the evolving landscape of phage therapy offers a beacon of hope in the fight against MDR bacterial infections, emphasising the imperative for continued research, innovation and regulatory diligence to realise its full potential in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Pal
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Department of Microbiology, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Samradhi Singh
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vinod Verma
- Stem Cell Research Centre, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajnarayan R Tiwari
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devojit Kumar Sarma
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health and Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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2
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Zulkarneev ER, Laishevtsevtsev AI, Kiseleva IA, Efimova OG, Mizaeva TE, Pasivkina MA, Zubkova ES, Aleshkin AV, Karaulov AV. Assessment of the Safety of Anti-Salmonella Disinfectant for Veterinary Use Based on a Cocktail of Bacteriophages. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024:10.1007/s10517-024-06225-6. [PMID: 39287723 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06225-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The toxicity and safety of a veterinary anti-salmonella disinfectant based on three highly virulent bacteriophage strains (titers 1010 PFU/ml) were studied. Acute, chronic, and inhalation toxicity, as well as local irritancy of the disinfectant were evaluated on outbred white mice CD1 (n=65), Soviet chinchilla rabbits (n=20), and rats (n=20). No toxic effects of the disinfectant was observed after its intraperitoneal or intragastric administration to mice and intragastric administration to rats; in rabbits, application on the skin and eyes produced no local irritation effect. Inhalation of 10% of the disinfectant did not cause any pathologies in mice. Thus, the tests confirmed the high level of safety of the disinfectant based on a mixture of bacteriophages for use as an additional specific disinfection agent against Salmonella in veterinary and livestock facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Zulkarneev
- Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia.
- Antiplague Center, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A I Laishevtsevtsev
- Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "Federal Scientific Center VIEV", Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Kiseleva
- Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - O G Efimova
- Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - T E Mizaeva
- Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Pasivkina
- Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Zubkova
- Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Aleshkin
- Gabrichevsky Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russia
| | - A V Karaulov
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenovsky University), Moscow, Russia
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3
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Cui L, Watanabe S, Miyanaga K, Kiga K, Sasahara T, Aiba Y, Tan XE, Veeranarayanan S, Thitiananpakorn K, Nguyen HM, Wannigama DL. A Comprehensive Review on Phage Therapy and Phage-Based Drug Development. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:870. [PMID: 39335043 PMCID: PMC11428490 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13090870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 09/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy, the use of bacteriophages (phages) to treat bacterial infections, is regaining momentum as a promising weapon against the rising threat of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This comprehensive review explores the historical context, the modern resurgence of phage therapy, and phage-facilitated advancements in medical and technological fields. It details the mechanisms of action and applications of phages in treating MDR bacterial infections, particularly those associated with biofilms and intracellular pathogens. The review further highlights innovative uses of phages in vaccine development, cancer therapy, and as gene delivery vectors. Despite its targeted and efficient approach, phage therapy faces challenges related to phage stability, immune response, and regulatory approval. By examining these areas in detail, this review underscores the immense potential and remaining hurdles in integrating phage-based therapies into modern medical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longzhu Cui
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Shinya Watanabe
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Miyanaga
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kiga
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
- Research Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Teppei Sasahara
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Aiba
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Xin-Ee Tan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Srivani Veeranarayanan
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Kanate Thitiananpakorn
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Huong Minh Nguyen
- Division of Bacteriology, Department of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke City 329-0498, Japan
| | - Dhammika Leshan Wannigama
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital, Yamagata 990-2292, Japan
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Oliveira A, Dias C, Oliveira R, Almeida C, Fuciños P, Sillankorva S, Oliveira H. Paving the way forward: Escherichia coli bacteriophages in a One Health approach. Crit Rev Microbiol 2024; 50:87-104. [PMID: 36608263 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2022.2161869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most notorious pathogens for its ability to adapt, colonize, and proliferate in different habitats through a multitude of acquired virulence factors. Its presence affects the food-processing industry and causes food poisoning, being also a major economic burden for the food, agriculture, and health sectors. Bacteriophages are emerging as an appealing strategy to mitigate bacterial pathogens, including specific E. coli pathovars, without exerting a deleterious effect on humans and animals. This review globally analyzes the applied research on E. coli phages for veterinary, food, and human use. It starts by describing the pathogenic E. coli pathotypes and their relevance in human and animal context. The idea that phages can be used as a One Health approach to control and interrupt the transmission routes of pathogenic E. coli is sustained through an exhaustive revision of the recent literature. The emerging phage formulations, genetic engineering and encapsulation technologies are also discussed as a means of improving phage-based control strategies, with a particular focus on E. coli pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carla Dias
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Oliveira
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Almeida
- INIAV, IP-National Institute for Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pablo Fuciños
- ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga, Portugal
| | - Hugo Oliveira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
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Abdelaziz AA, Abo Kamer AM, Nosair AM, Al-Madboly LA. Exploring the potential efficacy of phage therapy for biocontrol of foodborne pathogenic extensively drug-resistant Escherichia coli in gastrointestinal tract of rat model. Life Sci 2023; 315:121362. [PMID: 36610637 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM The emergence of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Escherichia coli leaves little or no therapeutic options for the control of these foodborne pathogens. The goal is to isolate, characterize, and assess the potential efficacy of a bacteriophage in the treatment of an induced gastrointestinal tract infection. MAIN METHODS Sewage water was used to isolate phage phPE42. Transmission electron microscope was used for the visualization of phage morphology. Lysis profile, growth kinetics, and stability studies were determined. The ability of phage to eradicate biofilms was assessed by crystal violet staining, resazurin assay, compound bright field microscope, and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Moreover, the efficacy of phage phPE42 as a potential therapy was evaluated in a rat model. KEY FINDINGS A newly lytic Myoviridae phage phPE42 was isolated and exhibited broad coverage activity (48.6 %) against E. coli clinical isolates. It demonstrated favorable growth kinetics and relative stability under a variety of challenging conditions. The resazurin colorimetric assay and CLSM provided evidence of phage potential's ability to significantly (P < 0.05) decrease the viability of biofilm-embedded cells. The bacterial burden in animal faeces was effectively eradicated (P < 0.05) by oral administration of phage phPE42. Phage-treated rats exhibited a significant decrease in tissue damage with no signs of inflammation, necrosis, or erosion. Furthermore, phage therapy significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the expression level of the apoptotic marker caspase-3 and the inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment with phage phPE42 is considered a promising alternative therapy for the control of severe foodborne infections spurred by pathogenic XDR E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Amal M Abo Kamer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Nosair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Lamiaa A Al-Madboly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Yang Y, Du H, Zou G, Song Z, Zhou Y, Li H, Tan C, Chen H, Fischetti VA, Li J. Encapsulation and delivery of phage as a novel method for gut flora manipulation in situ: A review. J Control Release 2023; 353:634-649. [PMID: 36464065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal flora regulation is an effective method to intervene and treat diseases associated with microbiome imbalance. In addition to conventional probiotic supplement, phage delivery has recently exhibited great prospect in modifying gut flora composition and regulating certain gene expression of gut bacteria. However, the protein structure of phage is vulnerable to external factors during storage and delivery, which leads to the loss of infection ability and flora regulation function. Encapsulation strategy provides an effective solution for improving phage stability and precisely controlling delivery dosage. Different functional materials including enzyme-responsive and pH-responsive polymers have been used to construct encapsulation carriers to protect phages from harsh conditions and release them in the colon. Meanwhile, diverse carriers showed different characteristics in structure and function, which influenced their protective effect and delivery efficiency. This review systematically summarizes recent research progress on the phage encapsulation and delivery, with an emphasis on function properties of carrier systems in the protection effect and colon-targeted delivery. The present review may provide a theoretical reference for the encapsulation and delivery of phage as microbiota modulator, so as to expedite the development of functional material and delivery carrier, as well as the advances in practical application of intestinal flora regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hu Du
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Geng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhiyong Song
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hao Li
- Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Gent 9000, Belgium
| | - Chen Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Vincent A Fischetti
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jinquan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; College of Biomedicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York 10065, USA; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China.
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Dourado D, Oliveira MCD, Araujo GRSD, Amaral-Machado L, Porto DL, Aragão CFS, Alencar EDN, Egito ESTD. Low-surfactant microemulsion, a smart strategy intended for curcumin oral delivery. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Zagaliotis P, Michalik-Provasek J, Gill JJ, Walsh TJ. Therapeutic Bacteriophages for Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections in Animals and Humans. Pathog Immun 2022; 7:1-45. [PMID: 36320594 PMCID: PMC9596135 DOI: 10.20411/pai.v7i2.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial pathogens are an increasingly serious health threat causing worldwide nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. Of these, the most prevalent and severe are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Salmonella typhimurium. The extended use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of multidrug resistance in these bacteria. Drug-inactivating enzymes produced by these bacteria, as well as other resistance mechanisms, render drugs ineffective and make treatment of such infections more difficult and complicated. This makes the development of novel antimicrobial agents an urgent necessity. Bacteriophages, which are bacteria-killing viruses first discovered in 1915, have been used as therapeutic antimicrobials in the past, but their use was abandoned due to the widespread availability of antibiotics in the 20th century. The emergence, however, of drug-resistant pathogens has re-affirmed the need for bacteriophages as therapeutic strategies. This review describes the use of bacteriophages as novel agents to combat this rapidly emerging public health crisis by comprehensively enumerating and discussing the innovative use of bacteriophages in both animal models and in patients infected by Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Zagaliotis
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Weill Cornell Medicine New York, NY
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Jason J. Gill
- Center for Phage Technology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Thomas J. Walsh
- Transplantation-Oncology Infectious Diseases Program, Weill Cornell Medicine New York, NY
- Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine New York, NY
- Center for Innovative Therapeutics and Diagnostics, Richmond, VA
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9
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Abstract
Increasing antimicrobial resistance and medical device-related infections have led to a renewed interest in phage therapy as an alternative or adjunct to conventional antimicrobials. Expanded access and compassionate use cases have risen exponentially but have varied widely in approach, methodology, and clinical situations in which phage therapy might be considered. Large gaps in knowledge contribute to heterogeneity in approach and lack of consensus in many important clinical areas. The Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group (ARLG) has convened a panel of experts in phage therapy, clinical microbiology, infectious diseases, and pharmacology, who worked with regulatory experts and a funding agency to identify questions based on a clinical framework and divided them into three themes: potential clinical situations in which phage therapy might be considered, laboratory testing, and pharmacokinetic considerations. Suggestions are provided as answers to a series of questions intended to inform clinicians considering experimental phage therapy for patients in their clinical practices.
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10
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Chrysin-Loaded Microemulsion: Formulation Design, Evaluation and Antihyperalgesic Activity in Mice. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12010477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin is a bioactive flavonoid found in pollens, passion flowers, honey, royal jelly, and propolis, which is commonly used as an ingredient in natural food supplements and is primarily responsible for their pharmacological properties. A transparent chrysin-loaded microemulsion (CS-ME) prepared through a ternary phase diagram was evaluated for use as an antihyperalgesic formulation. It was formulated with 40% Labrasol® (surfactant), 5% isopropyl myristate (oil phase) and 55% water (aqueous phase) and classified as an oil-in-water (O/W) microsized system (74.4 ± 15.8 nm). Its negative Zeta potential (−16.1 ± 1.9 mV) was confirmed by polarized light microscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis. In vitro studies in Franz-type static diffusion cells showed that chrysin release from CS-ME followed zero-order kinetics. Oral administration of CS-ME in mice resulted in a statistically significantly reduction (p < 0.05) in carrageenan-induced mechanical hyperalgesia compared to the control group. Treatment with CS-ME also showed anti-inflammatory activity by significantly decreasing the TNF-α level (p < 0.01) and increasing that of IL-10 (p < 0.05) compared to the control group. These results suggest that the proposed microsystem is a promising vector for the release of chrysin, being able to improve its capacity to modulate inflammatory and nociceptive responses.
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11
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Kalelkar PP, Riddick M, García AJ. Biomaterial-based delivery of antimicrobial therapies for the treatment of bacterial infections. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:39-54. [PMID: 35330939 PMCID: PMC8938918 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-021-00362-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The rise in antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including strains that are resistant to last-resort antibiotics, and the limited ability of antibiotics to eradicate biofilms, have necessitated the development of alternative antibacterial therapeutics. Antibacterial biomaterials, such as polycationic polymers, and biomaterial-assisted delivery of non-antibiotic therapeutics, such as bacteriophages, antimicrobial peptides and antimicrobial enzymes, have improved our ability to treat antibiotic-resistant and recurring infections. Biomaterials not only allow targeted delivery of multiple agents, but also sustained release at the infection site, thereby reducing potential systemic adverse effects. In this Review, we discuss biomaterial-based non-antibiotic antibacterial therapies for the treatment of community- and hospital-acquired infectious diseases, with a focus in in vivo results. We highlight the translational potential of different biomaterial-based strategies, and provide a perspective on the challenges associated with their clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the future scope of biomaterial-assisted antibacterial therapies. WEB SUMMARY The development of antibiotic tolerance and resistance has demanded the search for alternative antibacterial therapies. This Review discusses antibacterial biomaterials and biomaterial-assisted delivery of non-antibiotic therapeutics for the treatment of bacterial infectious diseases, with a focus on clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav P. Kalelkar
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Milan Riddick
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Andrés J. García
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
- author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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Nainu F, Permana AD, Djide NJN, Anjani QK, Utami RN, Rumata NR, Zhang J, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Pharmaceutical Approaches on Antimicrobial Resistance: Prospects and Challenges. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:981. [PMID: 34439031 PMCID: PMC8388863 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid increase in pathogenic microorganisms with antimicrobial resistant profiles has become a significant public health problem globally. The management of this issue using conventional antimicrobial preparations frequently results in an increase in pathogen resistance and a shortage of effective antimicrobials for future use against the same pathogens. In this review, we discuss the emergence of AMR and argue for the importance of addressing this issue by discovering novel synthetic or naturally occurring antibacterial compounds and providing insights into the application of various drug delivery approaches, delivered through numerous routes, in comparison with conventional delivery systems. In addition, we discuss the effectiveness of these delivery systems in different types of infectious diseases associated with antimicrobial resistance. Finally, future considerations in the development of highly effective antimicrobial delivery systems to combat antimicrobial resistance are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.D.P.); (N.J.N.D.); (Q.K.A.); (R.N.U.); (N.R.R.)
| | - Andi Dian Permana
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.D.P.); (N.J.N.D.); (Q.K.A.); (R.N.U.); (N.R.R.)
| | - Nana Juniarti Natsir Djide
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.D.P.); (N.J.N.D.); (Q.K.A.); (R.N.U.); (N.R.R.)
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.D.P.); (N.J.N.D.); (Q.K.A.); (R.N.U.); (N.R.R.)
- Medical Biology Centre, School of Pharmacy, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Rifka Nurul Utami
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.D.P.); (N.J.N.D.); (Q.K.A.); (R.N.U.); (N.R.R.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King’s College of London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Nur Rahma Rumata
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia; (A.D.P.); (N.J.N.D.); (Q.K.A.); (R.N.U.); (N.R.R.)
- Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Farmasi Makassar, Makassar 90242, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Jianye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology and the State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo–Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
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13
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Dos Santos Ramos MA, de Toledo LG, Spósito L, Marena GD, de Lima LC, Fortunato GC, Araújo VHS, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Nanotechnology-based lipid systems applied to resistant bacterial control: A review of their use in the past two decades. Int J Pharm 2021; 603:120706. [PMID: 33991597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The rate of infections caused by resistant bacteria to the antimicrobials available for human use grows exponentially every year, which generates major impacts on human health and the world economy. In the last two decades, human beings can witness the expressive increase in the Science and Technology worldwide, and areas such as Health Sciences have benefited from these advances in favor of human health, such as the advent of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology as an important approach applied for bacterial infections treatment with resistance profile to available antibiotics. This review of the scientific literature brings the applicability of nanotechnology-based lipid systems as an innovative tool in the improvement of bacterial infections treatment. Important studies involving the use of liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, nanoemulsions, microemulsions and lipid nanocapsules were verified in the period from 2000 to 2020, where important scientific results were found and will serve as a basis for the use of these systems to remain in constant updating. This manuscript shows the use of these drug delivery systems as potential vehicles for antibacterial compounds, which opens a new hope in the complement of the antibacterial therapeutic arsenal. Important studies developed in the last 20 years are present in this review, and thus guarantees an update on the use of these drug delivery systems for researchers from different areas of Health Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Aparecido Dos Santos Ramos
- Department of Drug and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, 14.800-903 São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Luciani Gaspar de Toledo
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, 14.800-903 São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Larissa Spósito
- Department of Drug and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, 14.800-903 São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Davi Marena
- Department of Drug and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, 14.800-903 São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Laura Caminitti de Lima
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, 14.800-903 São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Capaldi Fortunato
- Department of Drug and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, 14.800-903 São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo Sousa Araújo
- Department of Drug and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, 14.800-903 São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, 14.800-903 São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drug and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, 14.800-903 São Paulo State, Brazil.
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14
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Patel P, Pol A, Kalaria D, Date AA, Kalia Y, Patravale V. Microemulsion-based gel for the transdermal delivery of rasagiline mesylate: In vitro and in vivo assessment for Parkinson's therapy. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 165:66-74. [PMID: 33971272 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Rasagiline mesylate (RSM) is a selective and irreversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, its unfavorable biopharmaceutical properties, such as extensive degradation in the gastrointestinal tract and first-pass metabolism are responsible for its low oral bioavailability and suboptimal therapeutic efficacy. Here, we report the feasibility of delivering RSM via the transdermal route using RSM containing microemulsion-based gel (RSM-MEG) to achieve effective management of PD. Our in vitro skin permeation studies of RSM-MEG showed significantly higher (at least ~1.5-fold) permeation across rat skin compared to the conventional RSM hydrogel. Our skin irritation studies in rabbits showed that RSM-MEG is safe for transdermal application. Finally, using the rat model of rotenone-induced Parkinsonism, we demonstrated that the topical application of RSM-MEG was equally effective in reversing PD symptoms when compared to oral RSM therapy. Thus, our study confirmed the feasibility and potential of transdermal delivery of RSM via simple topical application of RSM-MEG, and this approach could be an alternative therapeutic intervention for the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratikkumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India; Department of Chemical Sciences, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Anuradha Pol
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India; R&D, Loreal R&D, Mumbai, India
| | - Dhaval Kalaria
- AstraZeneca Pharmaceutical Science, Charter Way, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, UK
| | - Abhijit A Date
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hawaii, USA
| | - Yogeshvar Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vandana Patravale
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Matunga, Mumbai 400019, Maharashtra, India.
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15
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Ergin F, Atamer Z, Comak Göcer EM, Demir M, Hinrichs J, Kucukcetin A. Optimization of Salmonella bacteriophage microencapsulation in alginate-caseinate formulation using vibrational nozzle technique. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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Pinto AM, Silva MD, Pastrana LM, Bañobre-López M, Sillankorva S. The clinical path to deliver encapsulated phages and lysins. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2021; 45:6204673. [PMID: 33784387 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens is shaping the current dogma regarding the use of antibiotherapy. Many bacteria have evolved to become resistant to conventional antibiotherapy, representing a health and economic burden for those afflicted. The search for alternative and complementary therapeutic approaches has intensified and revived phage therapy. In recent decades, the exogenous use of lysins, encoded in phage genomes, has shown encouraging effectiveness. These two antimicrobial agents reduce bacterial populations; however, many barriers challenge their prompt delivery at the infection site. Encapsulation in delivery vehicles provides targeted therapy with a controlled compound delivery, surpassing chemical, physical and immunological barriers that can inactivate and eliminate them. This review explores phages and lysins' current use to resolve bacterial infections in the respiratory, digestive, and integumentary systems. We also highlight the different challenges they face in each of the three systems and discuss the advances towards a more expansive use of delivery vehicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Mafalda Pinto
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Maria Daniela Silva
- Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal.,INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo M Pastrana
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bañobre-López
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Sanna Sillankorva
- INL - International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory, Avenida Mestre José Veiga, Braga 4715-330, Portugal
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17
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Biological Evaluation of Oil-in-Water Microemulsions as Carriers of Benzothiophene Analogues for Dermal Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2021; 6:biomimetics6010010. [PMID: 33514031 PMCID: PMC7931112 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, many studies have been reported on the design and formulation of novel drug delivery systems proposed for dermal or transdermal administration. The efforts focus on the development of biocompatible nanodispersions that can be delivered to the skin and treat severe skin disorders, including cancer. In this context, oil-in-water (O/W) microemulsions have been developed to encapsulate and deliver lipophilic bioactive molecules for dermal application. An O/W biocompatible microemulsion composed of PBS buffer, Tween 80, and triacetin was assessed for its efficacy as a drug carrier of DPS-2, a lead compound, initially designed in-house to inhibit BRAFV600E oncogenic kinase. The system was evaluated through both in vitro and ex vivo approaches. The cytotoxic effect, in the presence and absence of DPS-2, was examined through the thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell proliferation assay using various cell lines. Further investigation through Western blotting revealed that cells died of necrosis. Porcine ear skin was used as a skin model to evaluate the degree of permeation of DPS-2 through skin and assess its retention. Through the ex vivo experiments, it was clarified that encapsulated DPS-2 was distributed within the full thickness of the stratum corneum (SC) and had a high affinity to hair follicles.
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18
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dos Santos Ramos MA, dos Santos KC, da Silva PB, de Toledo LG, Marena GD, Rodero CF, de Camargo BAF, Fortunato GC, Bauab TM, Chorilli M. Nanotechnological strategies for systemic microbial infections treatment: A review. Int J Pharm 2020; 589:119780. [PMID: 32860856 PMCID: PMC7449125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Systemic infections is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide, and a shortage of drug approaches applied for the rapid and necessary treatment contribute to increase the levels of death in affected patients. Several drug delivery systems based in nanotechnology such as metallic nanoparticles, liposomes, nanoemulsion, microemulsion, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, hydrogels and liquid crystals can contribute in the biological performance of active substances for the treatment of microbial diseases triggered by fungi, bacteria, virus and parasites. In the presentation of these statements, this review article present and demonstrate the effectiveness of these drug delivery systems for the treatment of systemic diseases caused by several microorganisms, through a review of studies on scientific literature worldwide that contributes to better information for the most diverse professionals from the areas of health sciences. The studies demonstrated that the drug delivery systems described can contribute to the therapeutic scenario of these diseases, being classified as safe, active platforms and with therapeutic versatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Aparecido dos Santos Ramos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil,Corresponding authors
| | - Karen Cristina dos Santos
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Bento da Silva
- Department of Genetic and Morphology, Brasília University (UNB), Institute of Biological Sciences, Zip Code: 70735100, Brazil
| | - Luciani Gaspar de Toledo
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Davi Marena
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Camila Fernanda Rodero
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Bruna Almeida Furquim de Camargo
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Giovanna Capaldi Fortunato
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Taís Maria Bauab
- Department of Biological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Campus Araraquara, São Paulo State Zip Code: 14.800-903, Brazil.
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19
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Comprehensive Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of BAFASAL ® Bacteriophage Preparation for the Reduction of Salmonella in the Food Chain. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070742. [PMID: 32664206 PMCID: PMC7412135 DOI: 10.3390/v12070742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are bacterial predators, which are garnering much interest nowadays vis-à-vis the global phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance. Bacteriophage preparations seem to be an alternative to antibiotics, which can be used at all levels of the food production chain. Their safety and efficacy, however, are of public concern. In this study, a detailed evaluation of BAFASAL® preparation was performed. BAFASAL® is a bacteriophage cocktail that reduces Salmonella in poultry farming. In vivo acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies on rats and tolerance study on targeted animals (chicken broiler) conducted according to GLP and OECD guidelines did not reveal any signs of toxicity, which could be associated with BAFASAL® administration. In addition, no evidences of genotoxicity were observed. The tolerance study with 100-times concentrated dose also did not show any statistically significant differences in the assessed parameters. The in vitro crop assay, mimicking normal feed storage and feed application conditions showed that BAFASAL® reduced the number of Salmonella bacteria in experimentally contaminated feed. Moreover, reductions were observed for all examined forms (liquid, powder, spray). Furthermore, the in vivo efficacy study showed that treatment with BAFASAL® significantly decreased Salmonella content in caeca of birds infected with Salmonella Enteritidis. Detailed examination of BAFASAL® in terms of safety and efficacy, adds to the body of evidence that bacteriophages are harmless to animals and effective in the struggle against bacteria.
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20
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Yadav P, Rastogi V, Verma A. Application of Box–Behnken design and desirability function in the development and optimization of self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system for enhanced dissolution of ezetimibe. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-020-00023-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study is focused on developing and optimizing a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of BCS class II drug (ezetimibe) through Box–Behnken design (BBD) and desirability function for enhanced dissolution.
Pseudoternary phase diagrams were created by taking oil (Peceol), surfactant (Tween80), and co-surfactant (Transcutol-P) and the concentration ranges were identified for generating BBD. The composition of ezetimibe-SNEDDS was optimized through various response variables viz. globule size (Y1), %transmittance (Y2), self-emulsification time (Y3), dissolution after 5 min and 40 min (Y4, Y5). Optimized formulation was characterized for various physicochemical properties.
Results
Pseudoternary phase diagram having maximum nano-emulsification area was selected to formulate SNEDDS. Derived polynomial equation and model graphs were exercised to investigate the impact of formulation variables on the responses. Significant effect of formulation composition on the responses was observed (p < 0.05). The formulation with least oil (10%) and high surfactant (60%) exhibited low globule size (24.4 ± 2.07 nm), low emulsification time (55 s) but high %transmittance (101.2%) and drug release (49.21% after 5 min; 95.27% after 40 min). Based on the desirability function, the optimized formulation was selected and reformulated. The optimized formulation (FF1) was found to be uniform, stable, and showed similar observed and predicted responses.
Conclusion
The potential of SNEDDS in improving the dissolution profile of weakly soluble drug and the applicability of BBD with desirability function in optimizing a SNEDD formulation has made it possible to identify the impact of various independent variables on optimization of the formulation for better responses.
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21
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Thakur K, Sharma G, Singh B, Katare OP. Topical Drug Delivery of Anti-infectives Employing Lipid-Based Nanocarriers: Dermatokinetics as an Important Tool. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5108-5128. [PMID: 30657036 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190118155843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic approaches for the management of topical infections have always been a difficult approach due to lack of efficacy of conventional topical formulations, high frequency of topical applications and non-patient compliance. The major challenge in the management of topical infections lies in antibiotic resistance which leads to severe complications and hospitalizations resulting in economic burden and high mortality rates. METHODS Topical delivery employing lipid-based carriers has been a promising strategy to overcome the challenges of poor skin permeation and retention along with large doses which need to be administered systemically. The use of lipid-based delivery systems is a promising strategy for the effective topical delivery of antibiotics and overcoming drug-resistant strains in the skin. The major systems include transfersomes, niosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, microemulsion and nanoemulsion as the most promising drug delivery approaches to treat infectious disorders. The main advantages of these systems include lipid bilayer structure which mimics the cell membrane and can fuse with infectious microbes. The numerous advantages associated with nanocarriers like enhanced efficacy, improvement in bioavailability, controlled drug release and ability to target the desired infectious pathogen have made these carriers successful. CONCLUSION Despite the number of strides taken in the field of topical drug delivery in infectious diseases, it still requires extensive research efforts to have a better perspective of the factors that influence drug permeation along with the mechanism of action with regard to skin penetration and deposition. The final objective of the therapy is to provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach for the management of infectious diseases affecting topical sites leading to enhanced therapeutic efficacy and patient-compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Thakur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Gajanand Sharma
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Bhupindar Singh
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
| | - Om Prakash Katare
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC Centre of Advanced Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160 014, India
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22
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Caflisch KM, Suh GA, Patel R. Biological challenges of phage therapy and proposed solutions: a literature review. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:1011-1041. [PMID: 31735090 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1694905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In light of the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, phage (bacteriophage) therapy has been recognized as a potential alternative or addition to antibiotics in Western medicine for use in humans.Areas covered: This review assessed the scientific literature on phage therapy published between 1 January 2007 and 21 October 2019, with a focus on the successes and challenges of this prospective therapeutic.Expert opinion: Efficacy has been shown in animal models and experimental findings suggest promise for the safety of human phagotherapy. Significant challenges remain to be addressed prior to the standardization of phage therapy in the West, including the development of phage-resistant bacteria; the pharmacokinetic complexities of phage; and any potential human immune response incited by phagotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Caflisch
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gina A Suh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robin Patel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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23
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Jończyk-Matysiak E, Łodej N, Kula D, Owczarek B, Orwat F, Międzybrodzki R, Neuberg J, Bagińska N, Weber-Dąbrowska B, Górski A. Factors determining phage stability/activity: challenges in practical phage application. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2019; 17:583-606. [PMID: 31322022 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2019.1646126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Phages consist of nucleic acids and proteins that may lose their activity under different physico-chemical conditions. The production process of phage formulations may decrease phage infectivity. Ingredients present in the preparation may influence phage particles, although preparation and storage conditions may also cause variations in phage titer. Significant factors are the manner of phage application, the patient's immune system status, the type of medication being taken, and diet. Areas covered: We discuss factors determining phage activity and stability, which is relevant for the preparation and application of phage formulations with the highest therapeutic efficacy. Our article should be helpful for more insightful implementation of clinical trials, which could pave the way for successful phage therapy. Expert opinion: The number of naturally occurring phages is practically unlimited and phages vary in their susceptibility to external factors. Modern methods offer engineering techniques which should lead to enhanced precision in phage delivery and anti-bacterial activity. Recent data suggesting that phages may also be used in treating nonbacterial infections as well as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agents add further weight to such studies. It may be anticipated that different phage activities could have varying susceptibility to factors determining their actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jończyk-Matysiak
- a Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Norbert Łodej
- a Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Dominika Kula
- a Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Barbara Owczarek
- a Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Filip Orwat
- a Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Ryszard Międzybrodzki
- a Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland.,b Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.,c Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Joanna Neuberg
- a Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Natalia Bagińska
- a Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Beata Weber-Dąbrowska
- a Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland.,c Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej Górski
- a Bacteriophage Laboratory, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland.,b Department of Clinical Immunology, Transplantation Institute, Medical University of Warsaw , Warsaw , Poland.,c Phage Therapy Unit, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences , Wroclaw , Poland
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24
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Rehman S, Ali Z, Khan M, Bostan N, Naseem S. The dawn of phage therapy. Rev Med Virol 2019; 29:e2041. [PMID: 31050070 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bacteriophages or phages, being the most abundant entities on earth, represent a potential solution to a diverse range of problems. Phages are successful antibacterial agents whose use in therapeutics was hindered by the discovery of antibiotics. Eventually, because of the development and spread of antibiotic resistance among most bacterial species, interest in phage as therapeutic entities has returned, because their noninfectious nature to humans should make them safe for human nanomedicine. This review highlights the most recent advances and progress in phage therapy and bacterial hosts against which phage research is currently being conducted with respect to food, human, and marine pathogens. Bacterial immunity against phages and tactics of phage revenge to defeat bacterial defense systems are also summarized. We have also discussed approved phage-based products (whole phage-based products and phage proteins) and shed light on their influence on the eukaryotic host with respect to host safety and induction of immune response against phage preparations. Moreover, creation of phages with desirable qualities and their uses in cancer treatment, vaccine production, and other therapies are also reviewed to bring together evidence from the scientific literature about the potentials and possible utility of phage and phage encoded proteins in the field of therapeutics and industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Rehman
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Momna Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazish Bostan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Naseem
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Biomedical applications of microemulsion through dermal and transdermal route. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1477-1494. [PMID: 30372850 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, transparent, colloidal drug carrier system extensively used by the scientists for effective drug delivery across the skin. It is a spontaneous isotropic mixture of lipophilic and hydrophilic substances stabilized by suitable surfactant and co-surfactant. The easy fabrication, long-term stability, enhanced solubilization, biocompatibility, skin-friendly appearance and affinity for both the hydrophilic and lipophilic drug substances make it superior for skin drug delivery over the other carrier systems. The topical administration of most of the active compounds is impaired by limited skin permeability due to the presence of skin barriers. In this sequence, the microemulsion represents a cost-effective and convenient drug carrier system which successfully delivers the drug to and across the skin. In the present review work, we compiled various attempts made in last 20 years, utilizing the microemulsion for dermal and transdermal delivery of various drugs. The review emphasizes the potency of microemulsion for topical and transdermal drug delivery and its effect on drug permeability.
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Zu Q, Yu Y, Bi X, Zhang R, Di L. Microneedle-Assisted Percutaneous Delivery of a Tetramethylpyrazine-Loaded Microemulsion. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22112022. [PMID: 29160824 PMCID: PMC6150303 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22112022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the efficacy of the percutaneous delivery of a tetramethylpyrazine-loaded microemulsion (TMP-ME) on skin pretreated with microneedles (MN). The TMP-ME formulation was optimized in vitro with skin permeation experiments, using a uniform experimental design, guided by a pseudo-ternary phase diagram, in which the TMP skin permeation level and mean particle size were indices. The effects of MN pretreatment on skin permeation by TMP-ME were assessed using in vitro skin permeation, in vivo skin microdialysis, and pharmacokinetic studies in rats. The influence of MN pretreatment on the skin barrier function was evaluated by measuring the electrical resistance of rat skin before and after MN insertion. In the optimal formulation of TMP-ME, the weight percentages of Maisine® 35-1 (oil phase), Labrasol® (surfactant), and Transcutol® P (co-surfactant) were 7%, 30% and 10%, respectively, with 1.5% TMP loading. In the in vitro skin permeation study, MN-assisted TMP-ME exhibited a two-fold increase in a 24-h cumulative TMP permeation compared with TMP-ME alone (p < 0.05). In the skin microdialysis study, TMP in MN-assisted TMP-ME exhibited a 1.25-fold increase in Cmax, a 0.93-fold decrease in Tmax, and a 0.88-fold increase in AUC0–t (p < 0.05). Similarly, in the pharmacokinetic study, TMP in MN-assisted TMP-ME exhibited a 2.11-fold increase in Cmax, a 0.67-fold decrease in Tmax, and a 1.07-fold increase in AUC0–t (p < 0.05). The percutaneous electrical resistance of rat skin before and after MN insertion was 850 ± 50 Ω/cm2 and 283 ± 104 Ω/cm2 respectively, indicating that MN dramatically compromises the skin barrier. These results suggest that MN assistance increases the skin permeation rate and the extent of percutaneous absorption of TMP-ME, and that the mechanism may involve the reversible barrier perturbation effect. The rate and extent of percutaneous absorption of TMP-ME can be significantly enhanced by MN assistance, possibly because MN causes a reversible barrier perturbation effect on skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center for Highly Efficient Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Yanyan Yu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Xiaolin Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center for Highly Efficient Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ren Zhang
- Shanghai Hutchison Pharmaceuticals Limited, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | - Liuqing Di
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
- Jiangsu Provincial TCM Engineering Technology Research Center for Highly Efficient Drug Delivery Systems (DDS), Nanjing 210023, China.
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