Application of reusable flat-membrane in electro-membrane extraction for tamsulosin hydrochloride determination in cleaning validation samples of sterile production line equipment by RP-HPLC

A novel 3D printed device with conductive elements for electromembrane extraction combined with HPLC and UV detector

This paper is focused on proposing for a new design and setup for electromembrane extraction. A new cap was designed and conductive vials of different shape were fabricated using three-dimensional printing. The new cap holds three fibers to enhance electromembrane extraction recovery. Conductive vials can simultaneously perform as electrodes therefore, there is no need to include an electrode in sample solutions. Phenobarbital and phenytoin were used as model compounds to assess the setup performance. Under optimal conditions, these analytes were extracted from the sample solution at pH = 9 to the acceptor solution at pH = 13 with a voltage of 40 V for 20 min, while 1-octanol was employed as the supported-liquid-membrane. The influence of conductive vials geometry on the recovery was examined and effects of different shapes were studied by performing numerical simulation to establish electric potential distribution. Of the vials tested with circular, triangular and floral-like cross-sections the latter exhibited the best voltage distribution. The circular vial had the highest recovery attributed to its better hydrodynamic shape, which allows rapid fluid sample transport and therefore enhanced system recovery. The extraction recovery and RSD of circular vial with three fibers was 33.0 and 7.6 for phenobarbital and 42.2 and 10.4 for phenytoin. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.