1
|
Doos Ali Vand H, Hooman F, Sardarzehi R, Bastami M, Jansson-Fröjmark M. Prediction of insomnia severity based on early maladaptive schemas: a logistic regression analysis. Sleep Breath 2024; 28:919-927. [PMID: 37393219 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02873-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the major role of early maladaptive schemas in vulnerability to various psychological disorders, studies about the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and insomnia disorder are scarce. Hence, the aim of the current study was to explore the contribution of early maladaptive schemas in insomnia severity by comparing a sample of patients with chronic insomnia and good sleepers. METHODS Patients with chronic insomnia and good sleepers were evaluated using Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). RESULTS The study enrolled 117 patients with chronic insomnia and 76 good sleepers. All early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) except for enmeshment showed significant correlations with insomnia severity. After controlling for depression/anxiety symptoms, logistic regression analysis showed that the EMSs including emotional deprivation, vulnerability to harm, and subjugation schemas were significantly associated with insomnia severity. CONCLUSIONS These preliminary findings suggest that EMSs may constitute a vulnerability factor for developing insomnia. Early maladaptive schemas may require attention in the existing treatments of insomnia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Doos Ali Vand
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Taleghani Educational Hospital, Arabi Ave, Daneshjoo Blvd, Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hooman
- Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Sardarzehi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Psychology, Shiraz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Malek Bastami
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Markus Jansson-Fröjmark
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Grażka A, Strzelecki D. Early Maladaptive Schemas and Schema Modes among People with Histories of Suicidality and the Possibility of a Universal Pattern: A Systematic Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1216. [PMID: 37626572 PMCID: PMC10452338 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13081216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The identification of variables affecting suicidality and the search for interventions to reduce suicide risk are priorities among mental health researchers. A promising direction for such research is schema therapy and its two main constructs, i.e., early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and schema modes. METHODS This systematic review was designed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. It summarizes the studies conducted to date that describe the relationship between EMSs and schema modes and measures of suicidality in individuals over the age of 16. RESULTS The review confirmed that there are many significant associations between EMSs (especially from the Disconnection/Rejection domain) and suicide risk. Although only one study was found that explores the association between schema modes and suicidality, the correlations it identified are also confirmed here. DISCUSSION The results show the unquestionable importance of EMSs and schema modes in assessing suicide risk. The co-occurrence of these variables represents the first step in further assessing causality and introducing schema therapy techniques into work with patients who are at risk of suicide. This issue requires more extensive experimental research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Strzelecki
- Department of Affective and Psychotic Disorders, Medical University of Lodz, 92-216 Lodz, Poland;
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Paula Milesi I, Moreno Ferro de Araújo R, Bücker J. Suicidal Behavior and Early Maladaptive Schemas and Schema Domains. J Nerv Ment Dis 2023; 211:514-518. [PMID: 36927820 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Suicidal behavior is a risk factor for suicide attempts. Identifying the factors that increase suicidal behavior risk is paramount for overall suicide prevention efforts. One model that may contribute to our understanding of the relationship between early life experiences and suicidal behavior is the schema theory. This study aimed to examine suicidal behavior, early maladaptive schemas (EMSs), and schema domains using a large Brazilian nonclinical sample. The study included 19,060 individuals. We assessed sociodemographic variables, suicidal behavior (Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire), and EMSs (Young Schema Questionnaire) using an online, Web-based survey. Our results showed that, when comparing participants with no ideation with those with serious suicide attempts, we found significant statistical differences in all EMSs (all p 's < 0.05), with higher scores in those with serious suicide attempts. Our results suggest that specific unmet emotional needs during childhood can affect mental health and result in serious suicide attempts in adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joana Bücker
- Postgraduate Program in Medicine, Universidade do Vale do Taquari, Lajeado, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Valdez Fernández AL, Fernández-Silva CA, Bittner Hofmann CX, Mancilla Mancilla CR. Aproximaciones al concepto de vulnerabilidad desde la bioética: una revisión integradora. PERSONA Y BIOÉTICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5294/pebi.2021.25.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Para dar cuenta de la revisión integradora de literatura sobre el concepto de vulnerabilidad desde la bioética se analizó un corpus de 60 artículos publicados en español, inglés y portugués. Esto permitió identificar las tendencias temáticas: riesgo, susceptibilidad, autonomía y cultura en personas y comunidades; la aproximación metodológica ha sido mayormente desde un enfoque cualitativo; las disciplinas que más abordaron el concepto pertenecen a las ciencias humanas y sociales; los autores recomiendan realizar estudios del concepto desde la perspectiva de las personas y que los comités de ética revisen el consentimiento informado y las guías de información de acuerdo con estos resultados. Las categorías dan paso al concepto de vulnerabilidades, que en la bioética debe ser analizado más allá del principialismo.
Collapse
|
5
|
Velásquez MM, Gómez-Maquet Y, Ferro E, Cárdenas W, González-Nieves S, Lattig MC. Multidimensional Analysis of Major Depression: Association Between BDNF Methylation, Psychosocial and Cognitive Domains. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:768680. [PMID: 34970165 PMCID: PMC8712447 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.768680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Major Depression is a complex disorder with a growing incidence worldwide and multiple variables have been associated with its etiology. Nonetheless, its diagnosis is continually changing and the need to understand it from a multidimensional perspective is clear. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for depression in a case-control study with 100 depressive inpatients and 87 healthy controls. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed including psychosocial factors, cognitive maladaptive schema domains, and specific epigenetic marks (BDNF methylation levels at five CpG sites in promoter IV). A family history of depression, the cognitive schemas of impaired autonomy/performance, impaired limits, other-directedness, and the methylation level of a specific CpG site were identified as predictors. Interestingly, we found a mediating effect of those cognitive schemas in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and depression. Also, we found that depressive patients exhibited hypomethylation in a CpG site of BDNF promoter IV, which adds to the current discussion about the role of methylation in depression. We highlight that determining the methylation of a specific region of a single gene offers the possibility of accessing a highly informative an easily measurable variable, which represents benefits for diagnosis. Following complete replication and validation on larger samples, models like ours could be applicable as additional diagnostic tools in the clinical context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Marcela Velásquez
- Centro de Investigaciones Genéticas en Enfermedades Humanas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Eugenio Ferro
- Instituto Colombiano del Sistema Nervioso, Clínica Montserrat, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Wilmer Cárdenas
- Centro de Investigaciones Genéticas en Enfermedades Humanas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Silvia González-Nieves
- Centro de Investigaciones Genéticas en Enfermedades Humanas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Claudia Lattig
- Centro de Investigaciones Genéticas en Enfermedades Humanas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
- SIGEN alianza Universidad de los Andes – Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Pilkington P, Younan R, Bishop A. Early maladaptive schemas, suicidal ideation, and self-harm: A meta-analytic review. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2020.100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
7
|
Rodrigues PM, Marques DR, Gomes AA. Differences in Early Maladaptive Schemas between Young Adults Displaying Poor Versus Good Sleep Quality. Psychiatr Q 2019; 90:733-746. [PMID: 31352549 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-019-09662-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Research on the connection between sleep-related problems and Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) is scarce. The aim of the current study was to investigate a potential link between EMSs and poor sleep quality. Participants (n = 249) were selected from a larger sample of 1253 European Portuguese college students who completed the BaSIQS and the YSQ-S3. The major inclusion criteria for the selected participants were high versus low scores on the BaSIQS (poor versus good sleep quality). Students with poor sleep quality had significantly higher levels of Abandonment/ Instability, Mistrust/Abuse, Social Isolation/Alienation, Vulnerability to Harm or Illness, Entitlement/Grandiosity, Self-Sacrifice, and Negativity/Pessimism. These data suggest that EMSs are associated with poor sleep quality. However, additional studies are necessary to better understand this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Monteiro Rodrigues
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel Ruivo Marques
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. .,CINEICC - Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Ana Allen Gomes
- CINEICC - Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3000-115, Coimbra, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Solano P, Aguglia A, Caprino M, Conigliaro C, Giacomini G, Serafini G, Amore M. The personal experience of severe suicidal behaviour leads to negative attitudes towards self- and other's suicidal thoughts and behaviours: A study of temperaments, coping strategies, and attitudes towards suicide among medical students. Psychiatry Res 2019; 272:669-675. [PMID: 30616139 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The attitudes individuals have towards suicidal behaviour, be it their own or others', and their capacity for developing specific coping strategies are influenced by affective temperaments that play a significant role in emotional regulation. However, few studies have investigated these specific patterns with a view to stratify them according to the severity of suicidal behaviours in medical students. The Pearson χ2 test for the comparison of categorical variables, the t-test for independent samples of continuous variables and logistic regression analysis were used to compare the association among temperaments, coping strategies, and attitudes towards suicide in a sample of medical students who attend the School of Medicine, Genoa. Severe suicidal thoughts and behaviours relative to those who were not at risk for suicide were also revealed. The severe suicidal thought and behaviour group had significantly more anxious and cyclothymic temperaments together with a higher use of dis-adaptive, lower emotional focus coping strategies, and higher self-reproaching, criticizing, and judgemental attitudes towards suicidality compared to the no severe suicidal thought and behaviour group. The identified pattern suggests the need for clinicians to carefully consider the complex interplay of clinical features which characterize severely at risk for suicide young adults in order to develop effective and comprehensive prevention strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Solano
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Aguglia
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Matilde Caprino
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Claudia Conigliaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Giacomini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khosravani V, Mohammadzadeh A, Sharifi Bastan F, Amirinezhad A, Amini M. Early maladaptive schemas and suicidal risk in inpatients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 271:351-359. [PMID: 30529318 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the associations of early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) and clinical factors (hypomanic/manic and depressive symptoms) with suicidal risk (current suicidal ideation and lifetime suicide attempts) in inpatients with bipolar disorder (BD). One hundred inpatients with BD completed the Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF), the Bipolar Depression Rating Scale (BDRS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI). 59% of patients had lifetime suicide attempts and 59% showed high suicidal risk (BSSI ≥ 6). BD patients with lifetime suicide attempts had higher scores on the entitlement and social isolation schemas, depression, and hypomanic/manic symptoms than those without such attempts. Patients with high suicidal risk had higher levels of depressive and hypomanic/manic symptoms as well as some EMSs than those without high suicidal risk. Logistic regression analyses revealed that hypomanic/manic symptoms as well as the entitlement and defectiveness schemas were significantly associated with current suicidal ideation. Also, the entitlement and social isolation schemas were associated with lifetime suicide attempts. These results suggest that the entitlement, social isolation, and defectiveness schemas may relate to suicidal risk in patients with BD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khosravani
- Clinical Research Development Center of Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | | | - Ali Amirinezhad
- Psychosocial Injuries Research Centre, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Amini
- Clinical Psychology, Mohaghegh Ardebili University, Ardabil, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Boyda D, McFeeters D, Dhingra K, Rhoden L. Childhood maltreatment and psychotic experiences: Exploring the specificity of early maladaptive schemas. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:2287-2301. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Boyda
- Institute of Sport and Human Science, University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton UK
| | - Danielle McFeeters
- Institute of Sport and Human Science, University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton UK
| | - Katie Dhingra
- School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University; Leeds UK
| | - Laura Rhoden
- Institute of Sport and Human Science, University of Wolverhampton; Wolverhampton UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Volitional determinants of self-harm behaviour and suicidal risk in persons with borderline personality disorder. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|