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Krohn LM, Klimpel F, Béziat P, Bau M. Impacts of COVID-19 and climate change on wastewater-derived substances in urban drinking water: Evidence from gadolinium-based contrast agents in tap water from Berlin, Germany. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 259:121847. [PMID: 38852394 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic gadolinium from MRI contrast agents has been detected in surface waters worldwide. It is released with the treated effluents of wastewater treatment plants, similar to other wastewater-derived substances (WWDS) such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products. We determined concentrations of the rare earth elements in tap water from Berlin, Germany, using an automated preconcentration procedure that is both time- and cost-efficient. Anthropogenic gadolinium concentrations in Berlin's tap water increased on average 30-fold between 2009 and 2021. However, the tap water composition responded quickly to the reduced number of MRI scans during the COVID-19 pandemic, and some districts show a decrease from 2016 to 2021. Since climate change causes groundwater levels to decline in many regions, this needs to be mitigated by artificial groundwater recharge with surface water. This will inevitably lead to an increase in WWDS in potable water, which can be cost-efficiently monitored using anthropogenic gadolinium as tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea M Krohn
- Critical Metals for Enabling Technologies - CritMET, School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 29759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Franziska Klimpel
- Critical Metals for Enabling Technologies - CritMET, School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 29759 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Pauline Béziat
- Critical Metals for Enabling Technologies - CritMET, School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 29759 Bremen, Germany; Institute of Biogeochemistry & Pollutant Dynamics, Dept. of Environmental Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Bau
- Critical Metals for Enabling Technologies - CritMET, School of Science, Constructor University, Campus Ring 1, 29759 Bremen, Germany.
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Versolatto S, Boccalon M, Guidolin N, Travagin F, Alessio E, Aime S, Balducci G, Giovenzana GB, Baranyai Z. [Gd(HB-DO3A)]: Equilibrium, Dissociation Kinetic and Structural Differences in a Simple Homolog of [Gd(HP-DO3A)] (Prohance ®). Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400344. [PMID: 38469901 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
[Gd(HP-DO3A)] (gadoteridol) as an active compound of ProHance® is a widely employed contrast agent in clinical MRI scans in the last 30 years. Recent concerns about the long-term retention of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) led to a deeper investigation of the structural features underlying the integrity of the paramagnetic metal complex. Several human and nonclinical studies have noted marked differences among the macrocyclic GBCAs, with the least retention of Gd traces and most rapid elimination consistently being reported for [Gd(HP-DO3A)]. It was deemed of interest to assess how minor structural/electronic changes associated to the ligand structure may affect basic properties of the metal complex with several [Gd(HP-DO3A)] analogues synthesized and characterized in the last years. We recently reported that the closest homolog of [Gd(HP-DO3A)], i. e.: [Gd(HB-DO3A)], in which a (±)-2-hydroxy-1-propyl pendant arm is replaced by a (±)-2-hydroxy-1-butyl moiety, showed a significantly different retention behaviour in the model interaction with collagen, despite the apparently very minor structural difference. In this paper we report a comprehensive study of the structural, thermodynamic, kinetic and relaxation properties of [Gd(HB-DO3A)], compared to the parent [Gd(HP-DO3A)] and to other closely related macrocyclic GBCAs to assess whether very minor structural changes can modulate the physico-chemical properties of Gd3+ complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Versolatto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Mariangela Boccalon
- Bracco Imaging Spa, CRB Trieste, AREA Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Nicol Guidolin
- Bracco Imaging Spa, CRB Trieste, AREA Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, TS, Italy
| | - Fabio Travagin
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, Novara, NO, 28100, Italy
| | - Enzo Alessio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- IRCCS SDN Research Institute Diagnostics and Nuclear SynLab, Via Emanuele Gianturco, 113, 80143, Napoli, NA, Italy
| | - Gabriele Balducci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche Università di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127, Trieste, TS, Italy
| | - Giovanni B Giovenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Largo Donegani 2/3, Novara, NO, 28100, Italy
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Bracco Imaging Spa, CRB Trieste, AREA Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, TS, Italy
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Gadolinium in Medical Imaging—Usefulness, Toxic Reactions and Possible Countermeasures—A Review. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060742. [PMID: 35740867 PMCID: PMC9221011 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gadolinium (Gd) is one of the rare-earth elements. The properties of its trivalent cation (Gd3+) make it suitable to serve as the central ion in chelates administered intravenously to patients as a contrast agent in magnetic resonance imaging. Such Gd-chelates have been used for more than thirty years. During the past decades, knowledge has increased about potential harmful effects of Gd-chelates in patients with severe renal dysfunction. In such patients, there is a risk for a potentially disabling and lethal disease, nephrogenic systemic fibrosis. Restricting the use of Gd-chelates in persons with severely impaired renal function has decreased the occurrence of this toxic effect in the last decade. There has also been an increasing awareness of Gd-retention in the body, even in patients without renal dysfunction. The cumulative number of doses given, and the chemical structure of the chelate given, are factors of importance for retention in tissues. This review describes the chemical properties of Gd and its medically used chelates, as well as its toxicity and potential side effects related to injection of Gd-chelates.
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Impact of ligands structure on formation of hydrophilic colloids from their Gd(III) complexes with high magnetic relaxivity. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
MRI has transformed from the theoretical, investigative realm to mainstream clinical medicine over the past four decades and has become a core component of the diagnostic toolbox in the practice of gastroenterology (GI). Its success is attributable to exquisite contrast and the ability to isolate specific proton species through the use of different pulse sequences (i.e., T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted) and exploiting extracellular and hepatobiliary contrast agents. Consequently, MRI has gained preeminence in various GI clinical applications: liver and pancreatic lesion evaluation and detection, liver transplantation evaluation, pancreatitis evaluation, Crohn's disease evaluation (using MR enterography) rectal cancer staging and perianal fistula evaluation. MR elastography, in concert with technical innovations allowing for fat and iron quantification, provides a noninvasive approach, or "MRI virtual liver biopsy" for diagnosis and management of chronic liver diseases. In the future, the arrival of ultra-high-field MR systems (7 T) and the ability to perform magnetic resonance spectroscopy in the abdomen promise even greater diagnostic insight into chronic liver disease.
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Park YW, Ahn SJ. Comparison of Contrast-Enhanced T2 FLAIR and 3D T1 Black-Blood Fast Spin-Echo for Detection of Leptomeningeal Metastases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.13104/imri.2018.22.2.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yae Won Park
- Department of Radiology, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Jun Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the breast: Comparison of gadobutrol vs. Gd-DTPA. RADIOLOGIA 2017; 60:49-56. [PMID: 29217300 DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the pharmacokinetic profile of gadobutrol versus Gd-DTPA in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) in patients with breast cancer. Secondary objectives included comparing the safety profiles and diagnostic efficacy of the two contrast agents for detecting additional malignant lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective observational study included 400 patients with histologically confirmed breast cancer; 200 underwent DCE-MRI with Gd-DTPA (Magnevist®) and 200 underwent DCE-MRI with gadobutrol (Gadovist®). Pharmacokinetic parameters and signal intensity were analyzed in a region of interest placed in the area within the lesion that had greatest signal intensity in postcontrast sequences. We compared the two groups on pharmacokinetic variables (Ktrans, Kep, and Ve), time-signal intensity curves, and the number of additional malignant lesions detected. RESULTS The relative signal intensity (enhancement) was higher with gadobutrol than with Gd-DTPA. Washout was lower with gadobutrol than with Gd-DTPA (46% vs. 58,29%, respectively; p=0,0323). Values for Ktrans and Kep were higher for gadobutrol (p=0,001). There were no differences in the number of histologically confirmed additional malignant lesions detected (p=0,387). CONCLUSIONS Relative enhancement is greater with gadobutrol, but washout is more pronounced with Gd-DTPA. The number of additional malignant lesions detected did not differ between the two contrast agents. Both contrasts are safe.
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Abstract
Interpreting body MRI cases can seem overwhelming to an uninitiated radiologist. The standard study includes a variety of pulse sequences, the names of which vary depending on the MR vendor. Pulse sequences may be displayed haphazardly on the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), frequently not synchronized with the imaging protocol. Adding to the complexity is the use of different gadolinium-based contrast agents, which may affect the timing and diagnostic yield of each sequence. The following introductory primer for interpreting body MRI cases is meant to create a basic framework for efficiently reviewing body MRI cases to provide high quality interpretations, fully utilizing the diagnostic information of the modality. There are 4 components that need to be mastered when interpreting body MRI cases including: (1) recognizing the key sequences in a basic body MRI protocol, (2) learning how to best display the key pulse sequences on PACS, (3) understanding the technique and clinical utility of each sequence and learning how to utilize sequences to be an "MR Pathologist", and (4) understanding the key features of the different gadolinium based contrast agents.
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Zu G, Liu M, Zhang K, Hong S, Dong J, Cao Y, Jiang B, Luo L, Pei R. Functional Hyperbranched Polylysine as Potential Contrast Agent Probes for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2302-8. [PMID: 27187578 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Researchers have never stopped questing contrast agents with high resolution and safety to overcome the drawbacks of small-molecule contrast agents in clinic. Herein, we reported the synthesis of gadolinium-based hyperbranched polylysine (HBPLL-DTPA-Gd), which was prepared by thermal polymerization of l-lysine via one-step polycondensation. After conjugating with folic acid, its potential application as MRI contrast agent was then evaluated. This contrast agent had no obvious cytotoxicity as verified by WST assay and H&E analysis. Compared to Gd(III)-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) (r1 = 4.3 mM(-1) s(-1)), the FA-HBPLL-DTPA-Gd exhibited much higher longitudinal relaxivity value (r1 = 13.44 mM(-1) s(-1)), up to 3 times higher than Gd-DTPA. The FA-HBPLL-DTPA-Gd showed significant signal intensity enhancement in the tumor region at various time points and provided a long time window for MR examination. The results illustrate that FA-HBPLL-DTPA-Gd will be a potential candidate for tumor-targeted MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyue Zu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China.,Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kunchi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Shanni Hong
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jingjin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Liqiang Luo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Suzhou 215123, China
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Jenjob R, Kun N, Ghee JY, Shen Z, Wu X, Cho SK, Lee DH, Yang SG. Enhanced conjugation stability and blood circulation time of macromolecular gadolinium-DTPA contrast agent. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 61:659-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Quantitative and qualitative comparison of 0.025 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine for abdominal MRI at 1.5T and 3T MRI in patients with low estimated glomerular filtration rate. Eur J Radiol 2014; 84:26-32. [PMID: 25467229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the efficacy and adequacy of enhancement employing 0.025 mmol/kg of gadobenate dimeglumine at 1.5 Tesla (T), and to compare the extent of enhancement of this dosage between 1.5T and 3T systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our final population included 116 consecutive patients who underwent 0.025 mmol/kg gadobenate dimeglumine-enhanced abdominal MRI (78 men and 38 women; age, 64.1 ± 13.6 years). Sixty patients underwent imaging at 1.5T and 56 patients underwent imaging at 3T. Abdominal enhancement was evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. The quality of enhancement was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. The percentage of enhancement of each organ was compared using Student t-test. RESULTS The mean quality rating of enhancement was at least "good" in all phases of enhancement for both 1.5T and 3T. There was a non-significant trend to higher mean ratings at 3T. The liver showed a 1.3-fold higher arterial-phase percentage of enhancement at 3T (p=0.0138). There were no differences between the mean relative enhancement of the pancreas and aorta throughout all phases of enhancement. The percentage of enhancement of the renal cortex was significantly higher at 3T (p<0.0001 to p=0.0293). CONCLUSION A dose of 0.025 mmol/kg of gadobenate dimeglumine demonstrates diagnostic enhancement in the majority of patients at 1.5T, without significant differences on qualitative evaluation compared to 3T.
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Mitsumori LM, Bhargava P, Essig M, Maki JH. Magnetic resonance imaging using gadolinium-based contrast agents. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 23:51-69. [PMID: 24477166 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0b013e31829c4686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to review the basic properties of available gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast agents, discuss their fundamental differences, and explore common and evolving applications of gadolinium-based magnetic resonance contrast throughout the body excluding the central nervous system. A more specific aim of this article was to explore novel uses of these gadolinium-based contrast agents and applications where a particular agent has been demonstrated to behave differently or be better suited for certain applications than the other contrast agents in this class.
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Fallenberg EM, Renz DM, Karle B, Schwenke C, Ingod-Heppner B, Reles A, Engelken FJ, Huppertz A, Hamm B, Taupitz M. Intraindividual, randomized comparison of the macrocyclic contrast agents gadobutrol and gadoterate meglumine in breast magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Radiol 2014; 25:837-49. [PMID: 25249313 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-014-3426-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare intraindividually two macrocyclic contrast agents - gadobutrol and gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA) - for dynamic and quantitative assessment of relative enhancement (RE) in benign and malignant breast lesions. METHODS This was an ethically approved, prospective, single-centre, randomized, crossover study in 52 women with suspected breast lesions referred for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Each patient underwent one examination with gadobutrol and one with Gd-DOTA (0.1 mmol/kg BW) on a 1.5 T system 1 - 7 days apart. Dynamic, T1-weighted, 3D gradient echo sequences were acquired under identical conditions. Quantitative evaluation with at least three regions of interest (ROI) per lesion was performed. Primary endpoint was RE during the initial postcontrast phase after the first and second dynamic acquisition, and peak RE. All lesions were histologically proven; differences between the examinations were evaluated. RESULTS Forty-five patients with a total of 11 benign and 34 malignant lesions were assessed. Mean RE was significantly higher for gadobutrol than Gd-DOTA (p < 0.0001). Gadobutrol showed significantly less washout (64.4 %) than Gd-DOTA (75.4 %) in malignant lesions (p = 0.048) CONCLUSIONS: Gadobutrol has higher RE values compared with Gd-DOTA, whereas Gd-DOTA shows more marked washout in malignant lesions. This might improve the detection of breast lesions and influence the specificity of breast MRI-imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M Fallenberg
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany,
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Guglielmo FF, Mitchell DG, Gupta S. Gadolinium contrast agent selection and optimal use for body MR imaging. Radiol Clin North Am 2014; 52:637-56. [PMID: 24889165 DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Proper selection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) for body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cases requires understanding the indication for the MRI exam, the key features of the different GBCAs, and the effect that the GBCA has on the selected imaging protocol. The different categories of GBCAs require timing optimization on postcontrast sequences and adjusting imaging parameters to obtain the highest T1 contrast. Gadoxetate disodium has many advantages when evaluating liver lesions, although there are caveats and limitations that need to be understood. Gadobenate dimeglumine, a high-relaxivity GBCA, can be used for indications when stronger T1 relaxivity is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavius F Guglielmo
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 132 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Donald G Mitchell
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 132 South 10th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Shiva Gupta
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Pressler Street, Unit 1473, FCT15.5013, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Brain metastases from breast cancer: lessons from experimental magnetic resonance imaging studies and clinical implications. J Mol Med (Berl) 2013; 92:5-12. [PMID: 24306136 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1108-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer that has metastasized to the brain presents difficult clinical challenges. This diagnosis comes with high mortality rates, largely due to complexities in early detection and ineffective therapies associated with both dormancy and impermeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the current gold standard for diagnosis and assessment of brain tumors. It has been used clinically to investigate metastatic development as well as monitor response to therapy. Here, we describe preclinical imaging strategies that we have used to study the development of brain metastases due to breast cancer. Using this approach, we have identified three subsets of metastatic disease: permeable metastases, nonpermeable metastases, and solitary, dormant cancer cells, which likely have very different biology and responses to therapy. The ability to simultaneously monitor the spatial and temporal distribution of dormant cancer cells, metastatic growth, and associated tumor permeability can provide great insight into factors that contribute to malignant proliferation. Our preclinical findings suggest that standard clinical detection strategies may underestimate the true metastatic burden of breast cancer that has metastasized to the brain. A better understanding of true metastatic burden in brains will be important to assist in the development of more effective chemotherapeutics-particularly those targeted to cross the BBB-as well as detection of small nonpermeable metastases.
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Kawel N, Nacif M, Zavodni A, Jones J, Liu S, Sibley CT, Bluemke DA. T1 mapping of the myocardium: intra-individual assessment of the effect of field strength, cardiac cycle and variation by myocardial region. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2012; 14:27. [PMID: 22548832 PMCID: PMC3424109 DOI: 10.1186/1532-429x-14-27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial T1 relaxation time (T1 time) and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) are altered in the presence of myocardial fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate acquisition factors that may result in variation of measured T1 time and ECV including magnetic field strength, cardiac phase and myocardial region. METHODS 31 study subjects were enrolled and underwent one cardiovascular MR exam at 1.5 T and two exams at 3 T, each on separate days. A Modified Look-Locker Inversion Recovery (MOLLI) sequence was acquired before and 5, 10, 12, 20, 25 and 30 min after administration of 0.15 mmol/kg gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA; Magnevist) at 1.5 T (exam 1). For exam 2, MOLLI sequences were acquired at 3 T both during diastole and systole, before and after administration of Gd-DTPA (0.15 mmol/kg Magnevist).Exam 3 was identical to exam 2 except gadobenate dimeglumine was administered (Gd-BOPTA; 0.1 mmol/kg Multihance). T1 times were measured in myocardium and blood. ECV was calculated by (ΔR1myocardium/ΔR1blood)*(1-hematocrit). RESULTS Before gadolinium, T1 times of myocardium and blood were significantly greater at 3 T versus 1.5 T (28% and 31% greater, respectively, p < 0.001); after gadolinium, 3 T values remained greater than those at 1.5 T (14% and 12% greater for myocardium and blood at 3 T with Gd-DTPA, respectively, p < 0.0001 and 18% and 15% greater at 3 T with Gd-BOPTA, respectively, p < 0.0001). However, ECV did not vary significantly with field strength when using the same contrast agent at equimolar dose (p = 0.2). Myocardial T1 time was 1% shorter at systole compared to diastole pre-contrast and 2% shorter at diastole compared to systole post-contrast (p < 0.01). ECV values were greater during diastole compared to systole on average by 0.01 (p < 0.01 to p < 0.0001). ECV was significantly higher for the septum compared to the non-septal myocardium for all three exams (p < 0.0001-0.01) with mean absolute differences of 0.01, 0.004, and 0.07, respectively, for exams 1, 2 and 3. CONCLUSION ECV is similar at field strengths of 1.5 T and 3 T. Due to minor variations in T1 time and ECV during the cardiac cycle and in different myocardial regions, T1 measurements should be obtained at the same cardiac phase and myocardial region in order to obtain consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kawel
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcelo Nacif
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Zavodni
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacquin Jones
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Songtao Liu
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1074, USA
| | - Christopher T Sibley
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David A Bluemke
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences and Molecular Biomedical Imaging Laboratory, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Bethesda, MD, USA
- National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-1074, USA
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Essig M, Anzalone N, Combs SE, Dörfler À, Lee SK, Picozzi P, Rovira A, Weller M, Law M. MR imaging of neoplastic central nervous system lesions: review and recommendations for current practice. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 33:803-17. [PMID: 22016411 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
MR imaging is the preferred technique for the diagnosis, treatment planning, and monitoring of patients with neoplastic CNS lesions. Conventional MR imaging, with gadolinium-based contrast enhancement, is increasingly combined with advanced, functional MR imaging techniques to offer morphologic, metabolic, and physiologic information. This article provides updated recommendations to neuroradiologists, neuro-oncologists, neurosurgeons, and radiation oncologists on the practical applications of MR imaging of neoplastic CNS lesions in adults, with particular focus on gliomas, based on a review of the clinical trial evidence and personal experiences shared at a recent international meeting of experts in neuroradiology, neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, and radio-oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Essig
- University of Erlangen, German Cancer Center, Erlangen, Germany.
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Intraindividual In Vivo Comparison of Gadolinium Contrast Agents for Pharmacokinetic Analysis Using Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Invest Radiol 2010; 45:233-44. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e3181d54507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kim ES, Chang JH, Choi HS, Kim J, Lee SK. Diagnostic yield of double-dose gadobutrol in the detection of brain metastasis: intraindividual comparison with double-dose gadopentetate dimeglumine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:1055-8. [PMID: 20110372 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Accurate assessment of the number and lesion characteristics of brain metastasis is very important in GKS. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of DD gadobutrol in the detection of brain metastases compared with a DD 0.5-mol/L gadolinium contrast, gadopentetate dimeglumine. MATERIALS AND METHODS Records of 27 patients (male to female ratio, 15:12; mean age, 57.1 years) diagnosed with brain metastasis and having undergone GKS were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent the first 3D-T1-GRE MR imaging with a DD of gadopentetate dimeglumine. The second MR imaging with a DD of gadobutrol was performed during GKS by using the same parameters used for the first scan. Two neuroradiologists counted the number of enhancing lesions on 2 consecutive MR imaging examinations and reached consensus. Lesion-brain CNR was measured from 45 lesions, and paired t test analysis was performed between DD gadopentetate dimeglumine and gadobutrol MR imaging. RESULTS On DD gadopentetate dimeglumine-enhanced images, a total of 130 lesions were detected visually. With DD gadobutrol, 25 additional lesions were detected on GKS MR imaging. There was no missing lesion on DD gadobutrol MR imaging. The mean lesion-brain CNR was higher on DD gadobutrol MR imaging than on DD gadopentetate dimeglumine imaging (2.17 +/- 0.19 versus 1.90 +/- 0.26; P = .00011, paired t test, 2-tailed). Only 2 cases showed lower CNR on DD gadobutrol images: 1 with hemorrhagic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma and the other with steroid treatment after the first MR imaging. CONCLUSIONS DD 1.0-mol/L gadobutrol provides higher lesion conspicuity and enhances lesion detection in brain metastasis compared with DD 0.5-mol/L gadolinium contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Mills SJ, Soh C, Rose CJ, Cheung S, Zhao S, Parker GJM, Jackson A. Candidate biomarkers of extravascular extracellular space: a direct comparison of apparent diffusion coefficient and dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging--derived measurement of the volume of the extravascular extracellular space in glioblastoma multiforme. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 31:549-53. [PMID: 19850765 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE ADC measurements have been shown to have an inverse relationship with tumor cell density. DCE-MR imaging modeling techniques can produce a measurement of the v(e), which would also be expected to have an inverse relationship with cell density. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that areas of increased cellularity, and therefore low ADC, would be expected to have a small EES (low v(e)). MATERIALS AND METHODS Nineteen patients with GBM were recruited. All imaging was performed before surgery on a 3T MR imaging scanner. Imaging included diffusion tensor imaging, T1-weighted DCE-MR imaging, and anatomic sequences. Tumor VOIs were defined on the anatomic images and modified to contain only enhancing voxels. Parametric maps of ADC and v(e) were generated. Statistical analysis of ADC and v(e) was performed on both a voxel-by-voxel basis and comparison of median values. RESULTS No correlation was demonstrated between ADC and v(e) in either a voxel-by-voxel analysis or comparison of median values (P = .124). CONCLUSIONS This study failed to demonstrate a correlation between ADC and v(e). This is important because it suggests that though the mechanisms underlying these parameters are theoretically similar, they actually reflect different aspects of tumor microenvironment. Consequently ADC and v(e) should be considered to provide independent information about the properties of the EES.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Mills
- Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Cancer and Imaging Sciences, University of Manchester, Withington, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Forsting M, Palkowitsch P. Prevalence of acute adverse reactions to gadobutrol--a highly concentrated macrocyclic gadolinium chelate: review of 14,299 patients from observational trials. Eur J Radiol 2009; 74:e186-92. [PMID: 19574008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the safety and tolerability of gadobutrol in a large number of non-selected patients from routine clinical radiology practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six prospectively planned, observational surveillance studies were conducted at more than 300 institutions in Europe and Canada from 2000 to 2007. Demographic and medical status data, details of the diagnostic procedure, contrast agent administration and adverse drug reaction (ADR) data were collected using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 14,299 patients were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 53.7 years; 1.3% of the patients were <18 years old and 40.8% were 60 years or older. The body regions most frequently examined were head/neck/brain (54.3%), followed by spine (7.2%), pelvis/joints/limbs (6.7%) and multiple body regions (6.4%). Gadobutrol-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed in 14.7% of patients. Overall, the mean volume of gadobutrol administered for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging was 12 mL (0.16 mmol gadolinium [Gd]/kg body weight [BW]; mean BW: 75.5 kg), whereas for contrast-enhanced MRA the mean volume was 15.7 mL (0.21 mmol Gd/kg BW). Seventy-eight of the 14,299 patients (0.55%) reported at least one ADR. Two (0.01%) serious ADRs were reported. The most frequently reported ADR was nausea, which occurred in 36 patients (0.25%). CONCLUSION Gadobutrol 1.0M is very well tolerated and has a good safety profile. The occurrence of ADRs observed following the intravenous injection of gadobutrol is comparable with the published data of other Gd-based contrast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Forsting
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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