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Kaatsch HL, Becker BV, Schüle S, Ostheim P, Nestler K, Jakobi J, Schäfer B, Hantke T, Brockmann MA, Abend M, Waldeck S, Port M, Scherthan H, Ullmann R. Gene expression changes and DNA damage after ex vivo exposure of peripheral blood cells to various CT photon spectra. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12060. [PMID: 34103547 PMCID: PMC8187728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Dual-energy CT provides enhanced diagnostic power with similar or even reduced radiation dose as compared to single-energy CT. Its principle is based on the distinct physical properties of low and high energetic photons, which, however, may also affect the biological effectiveness and hence the extent of CT-induced cellular damage. Therefore, a comparative analysis of biological effectiveness of dual- and single-energy CT scans with focus on early gene regulation and frequency of radiation-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) was performed. Blood samples from three healthy individuals were irradiated ex vivo with single-energy (80 kV and 150 kV) and dual-energy tube voltages (80 kV/Sn150kV) employing a modern dual source CT scanner resulting in Volume Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDIvol) of 15.79-18.26 mGy and dose length product (DLP) of 606.7-613.8 mGy*cm. Non-irradiated samples served as a control. Differential gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was analyzed 6 h after irradiation using whole transcriptome sequencing. DSB frequency was studied by 53BP1 + γH2AX co-immunostaining and microscopic evaluation of their focal accumulation at DSBs. Neither the analysis of gene expression nor DSB frequency provided any evidence for significantly increased biological effectiveness of dual-energy CT in comparison to samples irradiated with particular single-energy CT spectra. Relative to control, irradiated samples were characterized by a significantly higher rate of DSBs (p < 0.001) and the shared upregulation of five genes, AEN, BAX, DDB2, FDXR and EDA2R, which have already been suggested as radiation-induced biomarkers in previous studies. Despite steadily decreasing doses, CT diagnostics remain a genotoxic stressor with impact on gene regulation and DNA integrity. However, no evidence was found that varying X-ray spectra of CT impact the extent of cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanns Leonhard Kaatsch
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Valentin Becker
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany.
| | - Simone Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Patrick Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Nestler
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Julia Jakobi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Barbara Schäfer
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Hantke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Marc A Brockmann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Waldeck
- Department of Radiology, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Rübenacher Straße 170, 56072, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Matthias Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Harry Scherthan
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Reinhard Ullmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology Affiliated to Ulm University, Neuherbergstrasse 11, 80937, Munich, Germany.
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Yu J, Zhou Q, Lin F, Cui E, Zhang HW, Lei Y, Luo L. Performance of Dual-Source CT in Calculi Component Analysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 2151 Calculi. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:742-749. [PMID: 32936688 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120951992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the performance of dual-source computed tomography (DSCT) in the component analysis of all types of calculi by doing a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CNKI up to February 28, 2020, for in vivo studies investigating the performance of DSCT in the component analysis of calculi. We pooled the sensitivity, specificity, and areas under the summary receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves using a random-effect model in the meta-analysis. Publication bias was evaluated using Deek’s funnel plot asymmetry test. Results: This analysis included a total of 37 studies in 1840 patients with 2151 calculi (462 uric acid [UA], 1383 calcium oxalate [CaOx], 55 cystine [Cys], 197 hydroxyapatite [HA], and 54 struvite [SV]). Using DSCT, the pooled accuracy for diagnosing UA (sensitivity, 0.95; specificity, 0.99), CaOx (0.98; 0.93), Cys (0.99; 0.99), HA (0.91; 0.99), and SV (0.42; 0.98) was calculated, respectively. The AUROC value was 0.99, 0.99, 1.00, 0.99, and 0.93, respectively. The P values for publication bias test were .49, .70, .07, .04, and .19, respectively. Conclusion: Dual-source computed tomography has high sensitivity and specificity for the component analysis of UA, CaOx, Cys, and HA calculi in vivo. This tool may have the potential to replace the current analysis tool in vitro in diagnosing calculi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yu
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Urology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Enming Cui
- Department of Radiology, Jiangmen Central Hospital, Affiliated Jiangmen Hospital of Sun YAT-SEN University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Han-wen Zhang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi Lei
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Liangping Luo
- Medical Imaging Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Sakane H, Ishida M, Shi L, Fukumoto W, Sakai C, Miyata Y, Ishida T, Akita T, Okada M, Awai K, Tashiro S. Biological Effects of Low-Dose Chest CT on Chromosomal DNA. Radiology 2020; 295:439-445. [PMID: 32154776 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2020190389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Although the National Lung Screening Trial reported a significant reduction in lung cancer mortality when low-dose (LD) CT chest examinations are used for a diagnosis, their biologic effects from radiation exposure remain unclear. Purpose To compare LD CT and standard-dose (SD) CT for DNA double-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations (CAs) in peripheral blood lymphocytes. Materials and Methods Between March 2016 and June 2018, 209 participants who were referred to a respiratory surgery department for chest CT studies were prospectively enrolled in this study. Individuals were excluded if they had undergone radiography examinations within the last 3 days or had undergone chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Peripheral blood samples were obtained before and 15 minutes after CT. The number of γ-H2AX foci and unstable CAs in lymphocytes was quantified by immunofluorescent staining of γ-H2AX and by fluorescence in situ hybridization by using peptide nucleic acid probes for centromeres and telomeres, respectively. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical analysis. Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple comparisons. Results Of the 209 participants (105 women, 104 men; mean age, 67.0 years ± 11.3 [standard deviation]), 107 underwent chest LD CT and 102 underwent chest SD CT. Sex distribution, age, and body size metrics were similar between the two groups. The median effective dose of LD CT and SD CT was 1.5 and 5.0 mSv, respectively. The number of double-strand breaks and CAs increased after a SD CT examination (γ-H2AX, P < .001; CAs, P = .003); the number of double-strand breaks and CAs before and after LD CT was not different (γ-H2AX, P = .45; CAs, P = .69). Conclusion No effect of low-dose CT on human DNA was detected. In the same setting, DNA double-strand breaks and chromosome aberrations increased after standard-dose CT. © RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Brenner in this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Sakane
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Mari Ishida
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Lin Shi
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Wataru Fukumoto
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Chiemi Sakai
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Yoshihiro Miyata
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Tomoyuki Akita
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Morihito Okada
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Kazuo Awai
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
| | - Satoshi Tashiro
- From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.S., W.F., K.A.); Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (M.I., C.S.); Departments of Cellular Biology (L.S., S.T.) and Surgical Oncology (Y.M., M.O.), Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (T.A.); and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan (T.I.)
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Ruprecht N, Hungerbühler MN, Böhm IB, Heverhagen JT. Improved identification of DNA double strand breaks: γ-H2AX-epitope visualization by confocal microscopy and 3D reconstructed images. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2019; 58:295-302. [PMID: 30799523 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-019-00778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Currently, in the context of radiology, irradiation-induced and other genotoxic effects are determined by visualizing DSB-induced DNA repair through γ-H2AX immunofluorescence and direct counting of the foci by epifluorescence microscopy. This procedure, however, neglects the 3D nature of the nucleus. The aim of our study was to use confocal microscopy and 3D reconstructed images to improve documentation and analysis of γ-H2AX fluorescence signals after diagnostic examinations. Confluent, non-dividing MRC-5 lung fibroblasts were irradiated in vitro with a Cs-137 source and exposed to radiation doses up to 1000 mGy before fixation and staining with an antibody recognizing the phosphorylated histone variant γ-H2AX. The 3D distribution of γ-H2AX foci was visualized using confocal laser scanning microscopy. 3D reconstruction of the optical slices and γ-H2AX foci counting were performed using Imaris Image Analysis software. In parallel, γ-H2AX foci were counted visually by epifluorescence microscopy. In addition, whole blood was exposed ex vivo to the radiation doses from 200 to 1600 mGy. White blood cells (WBCs) were isolated and stained for γ-H2AX. In fibroblasts, epifluorescence microscopy alone visualized the entirety of fluorescence signals as integral, without correct demarcation of single foci, and at 1000 mGy yielded on average 11.1 foci by manual counting of 2D images in comparison to 36.1 foci with confocal microscopy and 3D reconstruction (p < 0.001). The procedure can also be applied for studies on WBCs. In contrast to epifluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy and 3D reconstruction enables an improved identification of DSB-induced γ-H2AX foci, allowing for an unbiased, ameliorated quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Ruprecht
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin N Hungerbühler
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ingrid B Böhm
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Johannes T Heverhagen
- Department of Diagnostic, Interventional, and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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