1
|
Balaji S, Wiley N, Poorman ME, Kolind SH. Low-field MRI for use in neurological diseases. Curr Opin Neurol 2024; 37:381-391. [PMID: 38813835 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent clinical uses of low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to guide incorporation into neurological practice. RECENT FINDINGS Use of low-field MRI has been demonstrated in applications including tumours, vascular pathologies, multiple sclerosis, brain injury, and paediatrics. Safety, workflow, and image quality have also been evaluated. SUMMARY Low-field MRI has the potential to increase access to critical brain imaging for patients who otherwise may not obtain imaging in a timely manner. This includes areas such as the intensive care unit and emergency room, where patients could be imaged at the point of care rather than be transported to the MRI scanner. Such systems are often more affordable than conventional systems, allowing them to be more easily deployed in resource constrained settings. A variety of systems are available on the market or in a research setting and are currently being used to determine clinical uses for these devices. The utility of such devices must be fully evaluated in clinical scenarios before adoption into standard practice can be achieved. This review summarizes recent clinical uses of low-field MR as well as safety, workflows, and image quality to aid practitioners in assessing this new technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Balaji
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Neale Wiley
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Shannon H Kolind
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine (Neurology)
- Department of Radiology
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Meier C, Israel C, Eisenblätter M, Hoyer A, Stoye FV, Yilmaz A, Gielen S. Safety of magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices and abandoned or epicardial leads: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace 2024; 26:euae165. [PMID: 38918179 PMCID: PMC11200101 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Persistent reluctance to perform magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with abandoned and/or epicardial leads of cardiac implantable electronic devices is related to in vitro studies reporting tip heating. While there is a plethora of data on the safety of MRI in conditional and non-conditional implantable devices, there is a clear lack of safety data in patients with abandoned and/or epicardial leads. METHODS AND RESULTS Relevant literature was identified in Medline and CINAHL using the key terms 'magnetic resonance imaging' AND 'abandoned leads' OR 'epicardial leads'. Secondary literature and cross-references were supplemented. For reporting guidance, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 was used. International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number 465530. Twenty-one publications with a total of 656 patients with 854 abandoned and/or epicardial leads and 929 MRI scans of different anatomical regions were included. No scan-related major adverse cardiac event was documented, although the possibility of under-reporting of critical events in the literature should be considered. Furthermore, no severe device dysfunction or severe arrhythmia was reported. Mainly transient lead parameter changes were observed in 2.8% in the subgroup of patients with functional epicardial leads. As a possible correlate of myocardial affection, subjective sensations occurred mainly in the subgroup with abandoned epicardial leads (4.0%), but no change in myocardial biomarkers was observed. CONCLUSION Existing publications did not report any relevant adverse events for MRI in patients with abandoned and/or epicardial leads if performed according to strict safety guidelines. However, a more rigorous risk-benefit calculation should be made for patients with epicardial leads.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Meier
- Campus Klinikum Lippe, Universitätsklinikum Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Universitätsklinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Röntgenstraße 18, 32756 Detmold, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Carsten Israel
- Klinik für Innere Medizin, Kardiologie, Nephrologie und Diabetologie, Evangelisches Klinikum Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Michel Eisenblätter
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Campus Klinikum Lippe, Universitätsklinikum Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Universitätsinstitut für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Detmold, Germany
| | - Annika Hoyer
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Institut für Biostatistik und Medizinische Biometrie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Valentin Stoye
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
- Institut für Biostatistik und Medizinische Biometrie, Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Herz-MRT-Zentrum, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephan Gielen
- Campus Klinikum Lippe, Universitätsklinikum Ostwestfalen-Lippe, Universitätsklinik für Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Röntgenstraße 18, 32756 Detmold, Germany
- Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sanpitak P, Bhusal B, Vu J, Golestanirad L. Low-field MRI's Spark on Implant Safety: A Closer Look at Radiofrequency Heating. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2023; 2023:1-5. [PMID: 38083021 PMCID: PMC10842192 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Advances in low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are making imaging more accessible without significant losses in image quality. In addition to being more cost-effective and easier to place without as much needed infrastructure, it has been publicized that the lower field strengths make MRI safer for patients with implants. To test this claim, we conducted a total of 368 simulations with wires of various lengths and geometries in a gel phantom during radiofrequency (RF) exposure at 23 MHz and 63.6 MHz (corresponding to MRI at 0.55 T and 1.5 T). Our results showed that heating in the gel around wire tips could be higher in certain cases at 0.55 T. To examine the impact on real patients, we simulated two models of patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) implants of different lengths. These simulations provide quantitative evidence that low-field MRI is not always safer, and this paper serves to illustrate some of the basic principles involved in RF heating of elongated implants in MRI environments.Clinical Relevance- This paper illustrates the physical concepts of resonance and inductive coupling in RF heating during MRI scanning with implants through systematic simulations and discusses the impact of these principles in practice.
Collapse
|
4
|
de Iure D, Conti A, Galante A, Spadone S, Hilschenz I, Caulo M, Sensi S, Del Gratta C, Della Penna S. Analyzing the sensitivity of quantitative 3D MRI of longitudinal relaxation at very low field in Gd-doped phantoms. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285391. [PMID: 37146058 PMCID: PMC10162526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recently, new MRI systems working at magnetic field below 10 mT (Very and Ultra Low Field regime) have been developed, showing improved T1-contrast in projected 2D maps (i.e. images without slice selection). Moving from projected 2D to 3D maps is not trivial due to the low SNR of such devices. This work aimed to demonstrate the ability and the sensitivity of a VLF-MRI scanner operating at 8.9 mT in quantitatively obtaining 3D longitudinal relaxation rate (R1) maps and distinguishing between voxels intensities. We used phantoms consisting of vessels doped with different Gadolinium (Gd)-based Contrast Agent (CA) concentrations, providing a set of various R1 values. As CA, we used a commercial compound (MultiHance®, gadobenate dimeglumine) routinely used in clinical MRI. METHODS 3D R1 maps and T1-weighted MR images were analysed to identify each vessel. R1 maps were further processed by an automatic clustering analysis to evaluate the sensitivity at the single-voxel level. Results obtained at 8.9 mT were compared with commercial scanners operating at 0.2 T, 1.5 T, and 3 T. RESULTS VLF R1 maps offered a higher sensitivity in distinguishing the different CA concentrations and an improved contrast compared to higher fields. Moreover, the high sensitivity of 3D quantitative VLF-MRI allowed an effective clustering of the 3D map values, assessing their reliability at the single voxel level. Conversely, in all fields, T1-weighted images were less reliable, even at higher CA concentrations. CONCLUSION In summary, with few excitations and an isotropic voxel size of 3 mm, VLF-MRI 3D quantitative mapping showed a sensitivity better than 2.7 s-1 corresponding to a concentration difference of 0.17 mM of MultiHance in copper sulfate doped water, and improved contrast compared to higher fields. Based on these results, future studies should characterize R1 contrast at VLF, also with other CA, in the living tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danilo de Iure
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Allegra Conti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
- Medical Physics Section, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Galante
- MESVA, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, L'Aquila University, L'Aquila, AQ, Italy
- INFN, National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Gran Sasso National Laboratories, Assergi, L'Aquila, Italy
- CNR, SPIN-CNR Institute, Dept. of Physical and Chemical Sciences, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Sara Spadone
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Ingo Hilschenz
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Massimo Caulo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Stefano Sensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Cosimo Del Gratta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
| | - Stefania Della Penna
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies (ITAB), G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, CH, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gonska BD. [Magnetic resonance imaging in cardiological patients : Basic principles for application]. Herzschrittmacherther Elektrophysiol 2022; 33:268-271. [PMID: 35781835 DOI: 10.1007/s00399-022-00877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be safely performed in patients with cardiac implants such as pacemakers and cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). Prerequisites for safe use are knowledge of the physical conditions as well as professional indication and cardiological monitoring by an experienced cardiologist.
Collapse
|
6
|
Ayde R, Senft T, Salameh N, Sarracanie M. Deep learning for fast low-field MRI acquisitions. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11394. [PMID: 35794175 PMCID: PMC9259619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-field (LF) MRI research currently gains momentum from its potential to offer reduced costs and reduced footprints translating into wider accessibility. However, the impeded signal-to-noise ratio inherent to lower magnetic fields can have a significant impact on acquisition times that challenges LF clinical relevance. Undersampling is an effective way to speed up acquisitions in MRI, and recent work has shown encouraging results when combined with deep learning (DL). Yet, training DL models generally requires large databases that are not yet available at LF regimes. Here, we demonstrate the capability of Residual U-net combined with data augmentation to reconstruct magnitude and phase information of undersampled LF MRI scans at 0.1 T with a limited training dataset (n = 10). The model performance was first evaluated in a retrospective study for different acceleration rates and sampling patterns. Ultimately, the DL approach was validated on prospectively acquired, fivefold undersampled LF data. With varying performances associated to the adopted sampling scheme, our results show that the approach investigated can preserve the global structure and the details sharpness in the reconstructed magnitude and phase images. Overall, promising results could be obtained on acquired LF MR images that may bring this research closer to clinical implementation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reina Ayde
- Center for Adaptable MRI Technology (AMT Center), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland.
| | - Tobias Senft
- Center for Adaptable MRI Technology (AMT Center), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Najat Salameh
- Center for Adaptable MRI Technology (AMT Center), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Sarracanie
- Center for Adaptable MRI Technology (AMT Center), Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Allschwil, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kuroda K, Yatsushiro S. New Insights into MR Safety for Implantable Medical Devices. Magn Reson Med Sci 2022; 21:110-131. [PMID: 35228487 PMCID: PMC9199981 DOI: 10.2463/mrms.rev.2021-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the status of MR safety has dramatically changed. In particular, ever since the MR-conditional cardiac device was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2008 and by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) in 2012, the safety of patients with an implantable medical device (IMD) has been one of the most important issues in terms of MR use. In conjunction with the regulatory approvals for various IMDs, standards, technical specifications, and guidelines have also been rapidly created and developed. Many invaluable papers investigating and reviewing the history and status of MR use in the presence of IMDs already exist. As such, this review paper seeks to bridge the gap between clinical practice and the information that is obtained by standard-based tests and provided by an IMD's package insert or instructions for use. Interpretation of the gradient of the magnetic flux density intensity of the static magnetic field with respect to the magnetic displacement force is discussed, along with the physical background of RF field. The relationship between specific absorption rate (SAR) and B1+RMS, and their effects on image quality are described. In addition, insofar as providing new directions for future research and practice, the feasibility of safety test methods for RF-induced heating of IMDs using MR thermometry, evaluation of tissue heat damage, and challenges in cardiac IMDs will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kagayaki Kuroda
- Department of Human and Information Sciences, School of Information Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yatsushiro
- Department of Human and Information Sciences, School of Information Science and Technology, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa, Japan
- Biosim Laboratory, Bioview, Inc., Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Leong ATL, Zhao Y, Xiao L, Mak HKF, Tsang ACO, Lau GKK, Leung GKK, Wu EX. A low-cost and shielding-free ultra-low-field brain MRI scanner. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7238. [PMID: 34907181 PMCID: PMC8671508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is a key diagnostic tool in modern healthcare, yet it can be cost-prohibitive given the high installation, maintenance and operation costs of the machinery. There are approximately seven scanners per million inhabitants and over 90% are concentrated in high-income countries. We describe an ultra-low-field brain MRI scanner that operates using a standard AC power outlet and is low cost to build. Using a permanent 0.055 Tesla Samarium-cobalt magnet and deep learning for cancellation of electromagnetic interference, it requires neither magnetic nor radiofrequency shielding cages. The scanner is compact, mobile, and acoustically quiet during scanning. We implement four standard clinical neuroimaging protocols (T1- and T2-weighted, fluid-attenuated inversion recovery like, and diffusion-weighted imaging) on this system, and demonstrate preliminary feasibility in diagnosing brain tumor and stroke. Such technology has the potential to meet clinical needs at point of care or in low and middle income countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Liu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Alex T. L. Leong
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yujiao Zhao
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Linfang Xiao
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Henry K. F. Mak
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Anderson Chun On Tsang
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Gary K. K. Lau
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Gilberto K. K. Leung
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Surgery, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Ed X. Wu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging and Signal Processing, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China ,grid.194645.b0000000121742757School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hori M, Hagiwara A, Goto M, Wada A, Aoki S. Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Its History and Renaissance. Invest Radiol 2021; 56:669-679. [PMID: 34292257 PMCID: PMC8505165 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems have seen a renaissance recently due to improvements in technology (both hardware and software). Originally, the performance of low-field MRI systems was rated lower than their actual clinical usefulness, and they were viewed as low-cost but poorly performing systems. However, various applications similar to high-field MRI systems (1.5 T and 3 T) have gradually become possible, culminating with high-performance low-field MRI systems and their adaptations now being proposed that have unique advantages over high-field MRI systems in various aspects. This review article describes the physical characteristics of low-field MRI systems and presents both their advantages and disadvantages for clinical use (past to present), along with their cutting-edge clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Hori
- From the Department of Radiology, Toho University Omori Medical Center
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | | | - Masami Goto
- Department of Radiological Technology, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Wada
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|