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Liu X, Duan Z, Fang S, Wang S. Imaging Assessment of the Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Primary Malignant Bone Tumors: Recent Advances in Qualitative and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Radiomics. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:7-31. [PMID: 37154415 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that MRI demonstrates promising results for evaluating the chemotherapy efficacy in bone sarcomas. This article reviews current methods for evaluating the efficacy of malignant bone tumors and the application of MRI in this area, and emphasizes the advantages and limitations of each modality. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhiqing Duan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaobo Fang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital and Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shaowu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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2
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Cederberg KB, Iyer RS, Chaturvedi A, McCarville MB, McDaniel JD, Sandberg JK, Shammas A, Sharp SE, Nadel HR. Imaging of pediatric bone tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 4:e30000. [PMID: 36250990 PMCID: PMC10661611 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Malignant primary bone tumors are uncommon in the pediatric population, accounting for 3%-5% of all pediatric malignancies. Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma comprise 90% of malignant primary bone tumors in children and adolescents. This paper provides consensus-based recommendations for imaging in children with osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma at diagnosis, during therapy, and after therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin B. Cederberg
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Ramesh S. Iyer
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Apeksha Chaturvedi
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - MB McCarville
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Janice D. McDaniel
- Department of Pediatric Interventional Radiology, Akron Children’s Hospital, Akron, OH and Department of Radiology, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH
| | - Jesse K. Sandberg
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Amer Shammas
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, OH, Canada
| | - Susan E. Sharp
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Helen R. Nadel
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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3
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Kim Y, Lee SK, Kim JY, Kim JH. Pitfalls of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: Clinical Utility of T2 Shine-through and T2 Black-out for Musculoskeletal Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13091647. [PMID: 37175036 PMCID: PMC10177815 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13091647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) with an apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value is a relatively new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequence that provides functional information on the lesion by measuring the microscopic movement of water molecules. While numerous studies have evaluated the promising role of DWI in musculoskeletal radiology, most have focused on tumorous diseases related to cellularity. This review article aims to summarize DWI-acquisition techniques, considering pitfalls such as T2 shine-through and T2 black-out, and their usefulness in interpreting musculoskeletal diseases with imaging. DWI is based on the Brownian motion of water molecules within the tissue, achieved by applying diffusion-sensitizing gradients. Regardless of the cellularity of the lesion, several pitfalls must be considered when interpreting DWI with ADC values in musculoskeletal radiology. This review discusses the application of DWI in musculoskeletal diseases, including tumor and tumor mimickers, as well as non-tumorous diseases, with a focus on lesions demonstrating T2 shine-through and T2 black-out effects. Understanding these pitfalls of DWI can provide clinically useful information, increase diagnostic accuracy, and improve patient management when added to conventional MRI in musculoskeletal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kim
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul Ki Lee
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Young Kim
- Department of Radiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Joint Diseases, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul 05278, Republic of Korea
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4
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Chatziantoniou C, Schoot RA, van Ewijk R, van Rijn RR, ter Horst SAJ, Merks JHM, Leemans A, De Luca A. Methodological considerations on segmenting rhabdomyosarcoma with diffusion-weighted imaging-What can we do better? Insights Imaging 2023; 14:19. [PMID: 36720720 PMCID: PMC9889596 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01351-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Diffusion-weighted MRI is a promising technique to monitor response to treatment in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. However, its validation in clinical practice remains challenging. This study aims to investigate how the tumor segmentation strategy can affect the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was performed in PubMed using search terms relating to MRI and sarcomas to identify commonly applied segmentation strategies. Seventy-six articles were included, and their presented segmentation methods were evaluated. Commonly reported segmentation strategies were then evaluated on diffusion-weighted imaging of five pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma patients to assess their impact on ADC. RESULTS We found that studies applied different segmentation strategies to define the shape of the region of interest (ROI)(outline 60%, circular ROI 27%), to define the segmentation volume (2D 44%, multislice 9%, 3D 21%), and to define the segmentation area (excludes edge 7%, excludes other region 19%, specific area 27%, whole tumor 48%). In addition, details of the segmentation strategy are often unreported. When implementing and comparing these strategies on in-house data, we found that excluding necrotic, cystic, and hemorrhagic areas from segmentations resulted in on average 5.6% lower mean ADC. Additionally, the slice location used in 2D segmentation methods could affect ADC by as much as 66%. CONCLUSION Diffusion-weighted MRI studies in pediatric sarcoma currently employ a variety of segmentation methods. Our study shows that different segmentation strategies can result in vastly different ADC measurements, highlighting the importance to further investigate and standardize segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrano Chatziantoniou
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Reineke A. Schoot
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Roelof van Ewijk
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick R. van Rijn
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A. J. ter Horst
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.417100.30000 0004 0620 3132Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Wilhelmina Children’s Hospital UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H. M. Merks
- grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Leemans
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto De Luca
- grid.7692.a0000000090126352Image Sciences Institute, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands ,grid.7692.a0000000090126352Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, UMCUtrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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5
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Kayal EB, Alampally JT, Sharma R, Bakhshi S, Mehndiratta A, Kumar R, Chandrashekhara SH, Jana M, Bhalla AS, Sharma MC, Mridha AR, Vishnubhatla S, Kandasamy D. Chemotherapy response evaluation using diffusion weighted MRI in Ewing Sarcoma: A single center experience. Acta Radiol 2022; 64:1508-1517. [PMID: 36071615 DOI: 10.1177/02841851221124669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-invasive biomarkers for early chemotherapeutic response in Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT) are useful for optimizing existing treatment protocol. PURPOSE To assess the role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the early evaluation of chemotherapeutic response in ESFT. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 28 patients (mean age = 17.2 ± 5.6 years) with biopsy proven ESFT were analyzed prospectively. Patients underwent MRI acquisition on a 1.5-T scanner at three time points: before starting neoadjuvant chemotherapy (baseline), after first cycle chemotherapy (early time point), and after completion of chemotherapy (last time point). RECIST 1.1 criteria was used to evaluate the response to chemotherapy and patients were categorized as responders (complete and partial response) and non-responders (stable and progressive disease). Tumor diameter, absolute apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and normalized ADC (nADC) values in the tumor were measured. Baseline parameters and relative percentage change of parameters after first cycle chemotherapy were assessed for early detection of chemotherapy response. RESULTS The responder:non-responder ratio was 21:7. At baseline, ADC ([0.864 ± 0.266 vs. 0.977 ± 0.246]) × 10-3mm2/s; P = 0.205) and nADC ([0.740 ± 0.254 vs. 0.925 ± 0.262] × 10-3mm2/s; P = 0.033) among responders was lower than the non-responders and predicted response to chemotherapy with AUCs of 0.6 and 0.735, respectively. At the early time point, tumor diameter (27% ± 14% vs. 4.6% ± 10%; P = 0.002) showed a higher reduction and ADC (75% ± 44% vs. 52% ± 72%; P = 0.039) and nADC (81% ± 44% vs. 48% ± 67%; P = 0.008) showed a higher increase in mean values among responders than the non-responders and identified chemotherapy response with AUC of 0.890, 0.723, and 0.756, respectively. CONCLUSION Baseline nADC and its change after the first cycle of chemotherapy can be used as non-invasive surrogate markers of early chemotherapeutic response in patients with ESFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Baidya Kayal
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, 28817Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Raju Sharma
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sameer Bakhshi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dr B.R. Ambedkar Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital (IRCH), 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Mehndiratta
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, 28817Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S H Chandrashekhara
- Department of Medical Radiodiagnosis, Dr B.R. Ambedkar Institute-Rotary Cancer Hospital (IRCH), 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Jana
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashu Seith Bhalla
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Chand Sharma
- Department of Pathology, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Asit Ranjan Mridha
- Department of Pathology, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sreenivas Vishnubhatla
- Department of Biostatistics, 28730All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Bouhamama A, Leporq B, Khaled W, Nemeth A, Brahmi M, Dufau J, Marec-Bérard P, Drapé JL, Gouin F, Bertrand-Vasseur A, Blay JY, Beuf O, Pilleul F. Prediction of Histologic Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Osteosarcoma Using Pretherapeutic MRI Radiomics. Radiol Imaging Cancer 2022; 4:e210107. [PMID: 36178349 PMCID: PMC9530773 DOI: 10.1148/rycan.210107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Histologic response to chemotherapy for osteosarcoma is one of the most important prognostic factors for survival, but assessment occurs after surgery. Although tumor imaging is used for surgical planning and follow-up, it lacks predictive value. Therefore, a radiomics model was developed to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on pretreatment T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI. A total of 176 patients (median age, 20 years [range, 5-71 years]; 107 male patients) with osteosarcoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery between January 2007 and December 2018 in three different centers in France (Centre Léon Bérard in Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes in Nantes, and Hôpital Cochin in Paris) were retrospectively analyzed. Various models were trained from different configurations of the data sets. Two different methods of feature selection were tested with and without ComBat harmonization (ReliefF and t test) to select the most relevant features, and two different classifiers were used to build the models (an artificial neural network and a support vector machine). Sixteen radiomics models were built using the different combinations of feature selection and classifier applied on the various data sets. The most predictive model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95, a sensitivity of 91%, and a specificity 92% in the training set; respective values in the validation set were 0.97, 91%, and 92%. In conclusion, MRI-based radiomics may be useful to stratify patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcomas. Keywords: MRI, Skeletal-Axial, Oncology, Radiomics, Osteosarcoma, Pediatrics Supplemental material is available for this article. © RSNA, 2022.
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7
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Wei M, Ye C, Huang H, Yang C, Zhang L, Huang Y, Wang Y, Luo X, Luo J. Acacetin inhibits the tumor growth of human osteosarcoma cells through regulating Wnt/β-catenin and JNK signaling pathways. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Clemente EJI, Navarro OM, Navallas M, Ladera E, Torner F, Sunol M, Garraus M, March JC, Barber I. Multiparametric MRI evaluation of bone sarcomas in children. Insights Imaging 2022; 13:33. [PMID: 35229206 PMCID: PMC8885969 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-022-01177-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are the most common bone sarcomas in children. Their clinical presentation is very variable depending on the age of the patient and tumor location. MRI is the modality of choice to assess these bone sarcomas and has an important function at diagnosis and also for monitoring recurrence or tumor response. Anatomic sequences include T1- and T2-weighted images and provide morphological assessment that is crucial to localize the tumor and describe anatomical boundaries. Multiparametric MRI provides functional information that helps in the assessment of tumor response to therapy by using different imaging sequences and biomarkers. This review manuscript illustrates the role of MRI in osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma in the pediatric population, with emphasis on a functional perspective, highlighting the use of diffusion-weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI at diagnosis, and during and after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio J Inarejos Clemente
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Av. Sant Joan de Déu, 2, CP:08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Oscar M Navarro
- Department of Medical Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Maria Navallas
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Ladera
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Av. Sant Joan de Déu, 2, CP:08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Torner
- Department of Orthopaedics, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Av, Sant Joan de Déu, 2, CP:08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Sunol
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Moira Garraus
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu. Av, Sant Joan de Déu, 2, CP:08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Català March
- Department of Radiology, Instituto de Resonancia Magnetica Guirado, C/Muntaner, 531, CP:08022, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Barber
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging. Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Av. Sant Joan de Déu, 2, CP:08950, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Yuan W, Yu Q, Wang Z, Huang J, Wang J, Long L. Efficacy of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Osteosarcoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:326-334. [PMID: 33386220 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is a noninvasive imaging technique that reflects the diffusion movement of water molecules through apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. The role of DWI in predicting the histological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in osteosarcoma is being increasingly researched, and a systematic review and meta-analysis of this topic is urgently required to help determine the potential diagnostic value of DWI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The present meta-analysis included 13 studies (303 patients). We divided the target population into good responders and poor responders based on tumor necrosis on histological biopsy (≥90%, good responders). The mean ADC values and ADC ratio were extracted and/or calculated for the two groups. RESULTS The mean difference in ADC values before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was significantly higher in good responders than in poor responders (mean difference, 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.18-0.49; p< 0.0001), and significant heterogeneity was present among the 10 studies that reported these values (I2 = 66%, p< 0.05). The ADC ratio was also significantly higher in good responders than in poor responders (mean difference, 28.34; 95% CI, 1.83-54.85; p = 0.04), and significant heterogeneity in ADC ratio was present among 7 studies (I2 = 97%, p< 0.05). CONCLUSION The mean differences in ADC values and ADC ratios before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for osteosarcoma were significantly higher in good responders than in poor responders.
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Parlak Ş, Ergen FB, Yüksel GY, Karakaya J, Aydın GB, Kösemehmetoğlu K, Aydıngöz Ü. Diffusion-weighted imaging for the differentiation of Ewing sarcoma from osteosarcoma. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:2023-2030. [PMID: 33797564 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03741-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective cross-sectional observational study included a total of 35 patients with a recent diagnosis of Ewing sarcoma (n = 13) and osteosarcoma (n = 22) who underwent conventional MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Three ADC measurements from the areas of the lowest diffusivity in ADC maps (ADCmin), and other areas with low diffusivity (ADCother), were made independently by two observers on pre-treatment MRI, and the means of these measurements were compared using independent samples t-test. Intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated for inter-observer agreement. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the ADCmin (P < 0.001) and ADCother (P < 0.001) in Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma for both observers. For Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma, mean ADCmin was 0.566 ± 0.07 and 1.193 ± 0.33 × 10-3 mm2/s; 0.551 ± 0.08 and 1.182 ± 0.33 × 10-3 mm2/s; and mean ADCother was 0.813 ± 0.11 and 1.510 ± 0.35 × 10-3 mm2/s; 0811 ± 0.12 and 1.501 ± 0.33 × 10-3 mm2/s for observers 1 and 2, respectively. Inter-observer correlation coefficient for mean ADCmin was 0.994 and for mean ADCother was 0.995. CONCLUSION Diffusion-weighted imaging and ADC values could be used in the differentiation of Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma in borderline cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şafak Parlak
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - F Bilge Ergen
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Gökçe Yıldırım Yüksel
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Radiology, Usak Education and Research Hospital, 64100, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Jale Karakaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Güzide Burça Aydın
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kemal Kösemehmetoğlu
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Üstün Aydıngöz
- Department of Radiology, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Chaturvedi A. Pediatric skeletal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, part 2: current and emerging applications. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:1575-1588. [PMID: 34018037 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-05028-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) complements the more established T1, fluid-sensitive and gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance pulse sequences used to assess several pediatric skeletal pathologies. There is optimism that the technique might not just be complementary but could serve as an alternative to gadolinium and radiopharmaceuticals for several indications. As a non-contrast, free-breathing and noninvasive technique, DWI is especially valuable in children and is readily incorporated into existing MRI protocols. The indications for skeletal DWI in children include distinguishing between benign and malignant skeletal processes, initial assessment and treatment response assessment for osseous sarcomas, and assessment of inflammatory arthropathies and femoral head ischemia, among others. A notable challenge of diffusion MRI is the dynamic nature of the growing pediatric skeleton. It is important to consider the child's age when placing DWI findings in context with potential marrow pathology. This review article summarizes the current and evolving applications of DWI for assessing the pediatric skeleton, rounding off the discussion with evolving directions for further research in this realm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Chaturvedi
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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12
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop and validate an Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System (OT-RADS) with the hypothesis that the proposed guideline is reliable and assists in separating benign from malignant osseous tumors with a good area under the curve, and that could assist further patient management. METHODS In this multireader cross-sectional validation study, an agreement was reached for OT-RADS categories based on previously described magnetic resonance imaging features and consensus of expert musculoskeletal radiologists. World Health Organization classification was used, and a wide spectrum of benign and malignant osseous tumors was evaluated. Magnetic resonance imaging categories were as follows: OT-RADS 0-incomplete imaging; OT-RADS I-negative; OT-RADS II-definitely benign; OT-RADS III-probably benign; OT-RADS IV-suspicious for malignancy or indeterminate; OT-RADS V-highly suggestive of malignancy; and OT-RADS VI-known biopsy-proven malignancy or recurrent malignancy in the tumor bed. Four blinded readers categorized each tumor according to OT-RADS classification. Intraclass correlation (ICC) and Conger κ were used. Diagnostic performance measures including area under the receiver operating curve were reported. Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System was dichotomized as benign (I-III) and malignant (IV and V) for calculating sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS Interreader agreement for OT-RADS (ICC = 0.78) and binary distinction of benign versus malignant (κ = 0.67) were good to excellent, while agreement for individual tumor feature characteristics were poor to fair (ICC = 0.25-0.36; κ = 0.16-0.39). The sensitivities, specificities, and area under the receiver operating curve of the readers ranged from 0.93-1.0, 0.71-0.86, and 0.92-0.97, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Osseous Tumor Reporting and Data System lexicon is reliable and helps stratify tumors into benign and malignant categories. It can be practically used by radiologists to guide patient management, improve multidisciplinary communications, and potentially impact outcomes.
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Igrec J, Fuchsjäger MH. Imaging of Bone Sarcomas and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2021; 193:1171-1182. [PMID: 33772487 DOI: 10.1055/a-1401-0215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the diagnosis of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas, the continuous advancement of various imaging modalities has improved the detection of small lesions, surgical planning, assessment of chemotherapeutic effects, and, importantly, guidance for surgery or biopsy. METHOD This review was composed based on a PubMed literature search for the terms "bone sarcoma," "bone cancer" and "soft tissue sarcoma," "imaging," "magnetic resonance imaging", "computed tomography", "ultrasound", "radiography", and "radiomics" covering the publication period 2005-2020. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION As discussed in this review, radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI all play key roles in the imaging evaluation of bone and soft-tissue sarcomas. In daily practice, advanced MRI techniques complement standard MRI but remain underused, as they are considered time-consuming, technically challenging, and not reliable enough to replace biopsy and histology. PET/MRI and radiomics have shown promise regarding the imaging of sarcomas in the future. KEY POINTS · Radiographs remain crucial in diagnostic imaging algorithms for sarcomas.. · US is an initial imaging study for the evaluation of superficial soft-tissue tumors.. · The role of CT continues to evolve as new techniques emerge.. · MRI allows the noninvasive evaluation of soft-tissue, osseous, and articular structures.. · Machine learning methods could improve personalized selection of therapy for patients with sarcoma.. CITATION FORMAT · Igrec J, Fuchsjäger MH. Imaging of Bone and Soft-Tissue Sarcomas. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 1171 - 1182.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Igrec
- Division of General Radiological Diagnostics, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the Federal State of Styria and University Hospital Graz, Austria
| | - Michael H Fuchsjäger
- Division of General Radiological Diagnostics, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the Federal State of Styria and University Hospital Graz, Austria
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Yu L, Zhou X, Lu L, Wu X, Wang F. Recent Developments of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures for High-Rate Lithium Ion Batteries. CHEMSUSCHEM 2020; 13:5361-5407. [PMID: 32776650 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202001562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Lithium ion batteries have been considered as a promising energy-storage solution, the performance of which depends on the electrochemical properties of each component, including cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator. Currently, fast charging is becoming an attractive research field due to the widespread application of batteries in electric vehicles, which are designated to replace conventional diesel automobiles in the future. In these batteries, rate capability, which is closely linked to the topology and morphology of electrode materials, is one of the determining parameters of interest. It has been revealed that nanotechnology is an exceptional tool in designing and preparing cathodes and anodes with outstanding electrochemical kinetics due to the well-known nanosizing effect. Nevertheless, the negative effects of applying nanomaterials in electrodes sometimes outweigh the benefits. To better understand the exact function of nanostructures in solid-state electrodes, herein, a comprehensive review is provided beginning with the fundamental theory of lithium ion transport in solids, which is then followed by a detailed analysis of several major factors affecting the migration of lithium ions in solid-state electrodes. The latest developments in characterisation techniques, based on either electrochemical or radiology methodologies, are covered as well. In addition, state-of-the-art research findings are provided to illustrate the effect of nanomaterials and nanostructures in promoting the rate performance of lithium ion batteries. Finally, several challenges and shortcomings of applying nanotechnology in fabricating high-rate lithium ion batteries are summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- LePing Yu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - XiaoHong Zhou
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - XiaoLi Wu
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
| | - FengJun Wang
- Institute of Automotive Technology, Wuxi Vocational Institute of Commerce, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214153, P. R. China
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Revisiting the WHO classification system of bone tumours: emphasis on advanced magnetic resonance imaging sequences. Part 2. Pol J Radiol 2020; 85:e409-e419. [PMID: 32999694 PMCID: PMC7509892 DOI: 10.5114/pjr.2020.98686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Similarly to soft tissue tumours, the World Health Organisation (WHO) classification categorises bone tumours based on their similarity to normal adult tissue. The most recent WHO classification provides an updated classification scheme that integrates the biological behaviour of bone tumours, particularly cartilage-forming tumours, and tumours are now further subdivided as benign, intermediate (locally aggressive or rarely metastasising), and malignant. Radiologists play an important role in the detection and initial characterisation of bone tumours, with careful analysis of their matrix mineralisation, location, and overall anatomic extent including extra-compartmental extension and neurovascular invasion. Radiography remains central to the detection and characterisation of bone tumours; however, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the ideal modality for local staging. This review will discuss the most recent updates to the WHO classification of bone tumours that are relevant to radiologists in routine clinical practice. The utility of advanced MRI sequences such as diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast enhanced sequences, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy that may provide insight into the biological behaviour of various bone tumours is highlighted.
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