1
|
Trau SP, Singer HS. Tourette Syndrome and Tic Disorders. Pediatr Rev 2024; 45:85-95. [PMID: 38296781 DOI: 10.1542/pir.2023-006014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Trau
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Harvey S Singer
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Hospital and the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Larsh TR, Huddleston DA, Horn PS, Wu SW, Cecil KM, Jackson HS, Edden RAE, Mostofsky SH, Gilbert DL. From urges to tics in children with Tourette syndrome: associations with supplementary motor area GABA and right motor cortex physiology. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3922-3933. [PMID: 35972405 PMCID: PMC10068284 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset disorder in which tics are often preceded by premonitory sensory urges. More severe urges correlate with worse tics and can render behavioral therapies less effective. The supplementary motor area (SMA) is a prefrontal region believed to influence tic performance. To determine whether cortical physiological properties correlate with urges and tics, we evaluated, in 8-12-year-old right-handed TS children (n = 17), correlations of urge and tic severity scores and compared both to cortical excitability (CE) and short- and long-interval cortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) in both left and right M1. We also modeled these M1 transcranial magnetic stimulation measures with SMA gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) levels in TS and typically developing control children (n = 16). Urge intensity correlated strongly with tic scores. More severe urges correlated with lower CE and less LICI in both right and left M1. Unexpectedly, in right M1, lower CE and less LICI correlated with less severe tics. We found that SMA GABA modulation of right, but not left, M1 CE and LICI differed in TS. We conclude that in young children with TS, lower right M1 CE and LICI, modulated by SMA GABA, may reflect compensatory mechanisms to diminish tics in response to premonitory urges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis R Larsh
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - David A Huddleston
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Paul S Horn
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Steve W Wu
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hannah S Jackson
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Stewart H Mostofsky
- Center for Neurodevelopmental and Imaging Research, Kennedy Krieger Institute, 707 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Donald L Gilbert
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, 3230 Eden Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45267, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun HM, Li QY, Xiao RY, Zhang ZD, Yang XY, Yang J, Jin B, Wen JX, Wu YJ, Yang H, Wang F. A structural MRI study of global developmental delay in infants (<2 years old). Front Neurol 2022; 13:952405. [PMID: 36062014 PMCID: PMC9434372 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.952405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To use structural magnetic resonance imaging (3D-MRI) to evaluate the abnormal development of the cerebral cortex in infants with global developmental delay (GDD). Methods The GDD group includes 67 infants aged between 112 and 699 days with global developmental delay and who underwent T1-weighted MRI scans in Shanxi Children's Hospital from December 2019 to March 2022. The healthy control (HC) group includes 135 normal developing infants aged between 88 and 725 days in Shanxi Children's Hospital from September 2020 to August 2021. Whole-brain T1-weighted MRI scans were carried out with a 3.0-T magnetic resonance scanner, which was later processed using InfantSurfer to perform MR image processing and cortical surface reconstruction. Two morphological features of the cortical surface of the 68 brain regions were computed, i.e., the cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (SA), and compared between the GDD and HC groups. Results With regard to the CT, the HC group showed a rapid decrease at first and then a slow increase after birth, and the CT of the GDD group decreased slowly and then became relatively stable. The GDD group showed bilaterally higher hemispherical average CT than those in the HC group. In detail, for the left hemisphere, except in the entorhinal and temporal poles in which the average CT values of the two brain regions were lower than those of the HC group, the CT of the 26 brain regions in the GDD group was higher than those of the HC group (p < 0.05). For the right hemisphere, the CT of the entorhinal in the GDD group was lower than that in the HC group. Otherwise, the CT of the remaining 28 brain regions was higher than those in the HC group (p < 0.05). With regard to the SA, both groups showed a rapid increase after birth till 23 months and remained quite stable afterward. The GDD group shows lower SA bilaterally than that in the HC group. In detail, SA in the GDD group was lower in most cortical regions of both hemispheres than in the HC group (p < 0.05), except for the right temporal pole and entorhinal. When testing for brain asymmetry, we found that the HC group showed obvious asymmetry of CT and SA, while only a few cortical regions in the GDD group showed asymmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-miao Sun
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Hui-miao Sun
| | - Qian-yun Li
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ru-yi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ze-dong Zhang
- College of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-yan Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Jin
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Jia-xiang Wen
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Yan-jun Wu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Children Hospital of Shanxi Province (Shanxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital), Taiyuan, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Fan Wang
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liao Y, Li X, Jia F, Jiang Y, Ning G, Li X, Fu C, Zhou H, He X, Cai X, Qu H. The Alternation of Gray Matter Morphological Topology in Drug-Naïve Tourette's Syndrome in Children. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:873148. [PMID: 35693336 PMCID: PMC9184754 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.873148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopment disorder characterized by motor and phonic tics. We investigated the topological alterations in pediatric TS using morphological topological analysis of brain structures. We obtained three-dimensional T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences from 59 drug-naïve pediatric patients with TS and 87 healthy controls. We identified morphological topographical alterations in the brains of patients with TS compared to those of the healthy controls via GRETNA software. At the global level, patients with TS exhibited increased global efficiency (E glob ) (p = 0.012) and decreased normalized characteristic path length (λ) (p = 0.027), and characteristic path length (Lp) (p = 0.025) compared to healthy controls. At the nodal level, we detected significant changes in the nodal betweenness, nodal degree, and nodal efficiency in the cerebral cortex-striatum-thalamus-cortex circuit. These changes mainly involved the bilateral caudate nucleus, left thalamus, and gyri related to tics. Nodal betweenness, nodal degree, and nodal efficiency in the right superior parietal gyrus were negatively correlated with the motor tic scores of the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) (r = -0.328, p = 0.011; r = -0.310, p = 0.017; and r = -0.291, and p = 0.025, respectively). In contrast, nodal betweenness, nodal degree, and nodal efficiency in the right posterior cingulate gyrus were positively correlated with the YGTSS phonic tic scores (r = 0.353, p = 0.006; r = 0.300, p = 0.021; r = 0.290, and p = 0.026, respectively). Nodal betweenness in the right supplementary motor area was positively correlated with the YGTSS phonic tic scores (r = 0.348, p = 0.007). The nodal degree in the right supplementary motor area was positively correlated with the YGTSS phonic tic scores (r = 0.259, p = 0.048). Diagnosis by age interactions did not display a significant effect on brain network properties at either the global or nodal level. Overall, our findings showed alterations in the gray matter morphological networks in drug-naïve children with TS. These findings enhance our understanding of the structural topology of the brain in patients with TS and provide useful clues for exploring imaging biomarkers of TS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liao
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fenglin Jia
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuexin Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Chengdu Office Hospital of People’s Government of Tibet Autonomous Region, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Ning
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuesheng Li
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Fu
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuejia He
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaotang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haibo Qu
- Department of Radiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hartmann A, Atkinson-Clement C, Depienne C, Black K. Tourette syndrome research highlights from 2020. F1000Res 2022; 11:45. [PMID: 35464046 PMCID: PMC9021667 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.75628.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We present here research from 2020 relevant to Tourette syndrome (TS). The authors briefly summarize a few reports they consider most important or interesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hartmann
- Department of Neurology, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, 75013, France
| | | | - Christel Depienne
- Institute of Human Genetics,, University Hospital Essen, Essen, 45122, Germany
| | - Kevin Black
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang C, Yao L, Liu N, Zhang W, Tao B, Cao H, Gong Q, Lui S. Microstructural Abnormalities of White Matter Across Tourette Syndrome: A Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis of Fractional Anisotropy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:659250. [PMID: 34566829 PMCID: PMC8458640 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.659250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder with multiple motor and vocal tics whose neural basis remains unclear. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have demonstrated white matter microstructural alternations in TS, but the findings are inconclusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the most consistent white matter deficits in patients with TS. Method: By systematically searching online databases up to December 2020 for all DTI studies comparing fractional anisotropy (FA) between patients with TS and healthy controls (HCs), we conducted anisotropic effect size-signed differential mapping (AES-SDM) meta-analysis to investigate FA differences in TS, as well as performed meta-regression analysis to explore the effects of demographics and clinical characteristics on white matter abnormalities among TS. Results: A total of eight datasets including 168 patients with TS and 163 HCs were identified. We found that TS patients showed robustly decreased FA in the corpus callosum (CC) and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF) compared with HCs. These two regions preserved significance in the sensitivity analysis. No regions of increased FA were reported. Meta-regression analysis revealed that age, sex, tic severity, or illness duration of patients with TS were not linearly correlated with decreased FA. Conclusion: Patients with TS display deficits of white matter microstructure in the CC and right ILF known to be important for interhemispheric connections as well as long association fiber bundles within one hemisphere. Because the results reported in the primary literature were highly variable, future investigations with large samples would be required to support the identified white matter changes in TS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengmin Yang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Naici Liu
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengyi Cao
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States.,Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Psychoradiology Research Unit of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|