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Małkiewicz B, Świrkosz G, Lewandowski W, Demska K, Szczepaniak Z, Karwacki J, Krajewski W, Szydełko T. Lymph Node Dissection in Testicular Cancer: The State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:318-335. [PMID: 38430323 PMCID: PMC11021343 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolving role of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) in the management of testicular cancer (TC). It explores the significance of RPLND as both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool, highlighting its contribution to accurate staging, its impact on oncological outcomes, and its influence on subsequent treatment decisions. RECENT FINDINGS RPLND serves as an essential diagnostic procedure, aiding in the precise assessment of lymph node involvement and guiding personalized treatment strategies. It has demonstrated therapeutic value, particularly in patients with specific risk factors and disease stages, contributing to improved oncological outcomes and survival rates. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of meticulous patient selection and nerve-sparing techniques to mitigate complications while optimizing outcomes. Additionally, modern imaging and surgical approaches have expanded the potential applications of RPLND. In the context of TC management, RPLND remains a valuable and evolving tool. Its dual role in staging and therapy underscores its relevance in contemporary urological practice. This review highlights the critical role of RPLND in enhancing patient care and shaping treatment strategies, emphasizing the need for further research to refine patient selection and surgical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Małkiewicz
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Gabriela Świrkosz
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Lewandowski
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Demska
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Szczepaniak
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Jakub Karwacki
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Wojciech Krajewski
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urology, University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Szydełko
- University Center of Excellence in Urology, Wrocław Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
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Behr GG, Morani AC, Artunduaga M, Desoky SM, Epelman M, Friedman J, Lala SV, Seekins J, Towbin AJ, Back SJ. Imaging of pediatric testicular tumors: A COG Diagnostic Imaging Committee/SPR Oncology Committee White Paper. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70 Suppl 4:e29988. [PMID: 36184829 PMCID: PMC10646825 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Primary intratesticular tumors are uncommon in children, but incidence and risk of malignancy both sharply increase during adolescence. Ultrasound is the mainstay for imaging the primary lesion, and cross-sectional modalities are often required for evaluation of regional or distant disease. However, variations to this approach are dictated by additional clinical and imaging nuances. This paper offers consensus recommendations for imaging of pediatric patients with a known or suspected primary testicular malignancy at diagnosis and during follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald G Behr
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center/Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah M Desoky
- University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Shailee V Lala
- New York University Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jayne Seekins
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Susan J Back
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Li Y, Peng Q, Shang J, Dong W, Wu S, Guo X, Xie Z, Chen C. The role of taurine in male reproduction: Physiology, pathology and toxicology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1017886. [PMID: 36742382 PMCID: PMC9889556 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1017886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, has a wide range of biological effects, such as bile salt formation, osmotic regulation, oxidative stress inhibition, immunomodulation and neuromodulation. Taurine has been proved to be synthesized and abundant in male reproductive organs. Recently, accumulating data showed that taurine has a potential protective effect on reproductive function of male animals. In physiology, taurine can promote the endocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis (HPT) axis, testicular tissue development, spermatogenesis and maturation, delay the aging of testicular structure and function, maintain the homeostasis of the testicular environment, and enhance sexual ability. In pathology, taurine supplement may be beneficial to alleviate pathological damage of male reproductive system, including oxidative damage of sperm preservation in vitro, testicular reperfusion injury and diabetes -induced reproductive complications. In addition, taurine acts as a protective agent against toxic damage to the male reproductive system by exogenous substances (e.g., therapeutic drugs, environmental pollutants, radiation). Related mechanisms include reduced oxidative stress, increased antioxidant capacity, inhibited inflammation and apoptosis, restored the secretory activity of the HPT axis, reduced chromosomal variation, enhanced sperm mitochondrial energy metabolism, cell membrane stabilization effect, etc. Therefore, this article reviewed the protective effect of taurine on male reproductive function and its detailed mechanism, in order to provide reference for further research and clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Qianwen Peng
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Jia Shang
- Arts Department, School of Kaifeng Culture and Tourism, Henan, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanglin Dong
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Sijia Wu
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Xiajun Guo
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Zhenxing Xie
- School of Basic Medical Science, Henan University, Henan, Kaifeng, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenxing Xie, ; Chaoran Chen,
| | - Chaoran Chen
- Institute of Nursing and Health, School of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenxing Xie, ; Chaoran Chen,
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The Role of CT in the Staging and Follow-Up of Testicular Tumors: Baseline, Recurrence and Pitfalls. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14163965. [PMID: 36010958 PMCID: PMC9406011 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14163965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Testicular cancer (TC) is an uncommon group of tumors affecting predominantly younger males between 15 and 40 years, and accounting for less than 1% of malignancies in men, albeit in the context of an increasing incidence rate over recent decades. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) are the most frequent (90%), and most cases of TGCT are organ-confined at diagnosis. The majority of patients with TGCT have an excellent prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate greater than 95%, and expect to be cured thanks to different risk-adapted treatments such as cisplatin-based chemotherapy, even at advanced stages. It is for this reason that both initial staging and follow-up are essential for appropriate management in initiating adapted therapy as well as treating cases of recurrence, most frequent during the first 5 years. Abstract Ultrasound imaging of the testis represents the standard-of-care initial imaging for the diagnosis of TGCT, whereas computed tomography (CT) plays an integral role in the initial accurate disease staging (organ-confined, regional lymph nodes, or sites of distant metastases), in monitoring the response to therapy in patients who initially present with non-confined disease, in planning surgical approaches for residual masses, in conducting follow-up surveillance and in determining the extent of recurrence in patients who relapse after treatment completion. CT imaging has also an important place in diagnosing complications of treatments. The aims of this article are to review these different roles of CT in primary TGCT and focus on different pitfalls that radiologists need to be aware of.
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