1
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Shell D, Malone J, Kho J, Yap CH. Multifocal primary intrapulmonary thymoma successfully resected via robotic-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. BMJ Case Rep 2023; 16:e257789. [PMID: 38000810 PMCID: PMC10679981 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-257789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary intrapulmonary thymoma (PIT) represents a rare subset of ectopic thymoma that arises solely from inside the pulmonary parenchyma. Multifocal PIT, where multiple isolated PIT origins coexist in the lungs, has only been confirmed in one previous case report, in which the patient died before surgical resection. These tumours are difficult to diagnose as imaging findings are non-specific, and non-invasive biopsy often yields inaccurate results. We present the case of a man in his 70s who was referred to thoracic surgery for resection of a presumptive endobronchial pulmonary carcinoid tumour. Only after surgical resection did we identify that the patient had multifocal PIT. In this report, we describe our diagnostic and management process for this patient and review the current literature on PIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shell
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Malone
- Respiratory Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Kho
- Anatomical Pathology, Melbourne Pathology, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cheng-Hon Yap
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Barwon Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine, Deakin University Faculty of Health, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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2
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Wasim Jamal SM, Hussein M, Albakri M, Rasheed I, Hameed M, Ul Haq I, Thomas M, Al Bozom I, Abdul Sattar H. Primary intrapulmonary thymoma a case report. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e6897. [PMID: 37720714 PMCID: PMC10502198 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.6897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary intrapulmonary thymoma (PIT), defined as the presence of thymoma tissue in the lung without an accompanying mediastinal component, is uncommon and so offers a diagnostic quandary. We describe the case of PIT in an 81-year-old man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Muhammad Wasim Jamal
- Hazm Mebaireek Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
- Weill Cornell Medicine‐QatarCornell UniversityAr‐RayyanQatar
| | - Mousa Hussein
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Mutaz Albakri
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Ibrahim Rasheed
- Weill Cornell Medicine‐QatarCornell UniversityAr‐RayyanQatar
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Mansoor Hameed
- Weill Cornell Medicine‐QatarCornell UniversityAr‐RayyanQatar
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Irfan Ul Haq
- Weill Cornell Medicine‐QatarCornell UniversityAr‐RayyanQatar
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Merlin Thomas
- Weill Cornell Medicine‐QatarCornell UniversityAr‐RayyanQatar
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Issam Al Bozom
- Weill Cornell Medicine‐QatarCornell UniversityAr‐RayyanQatar
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
| | - Hisham Abdul Sattar
- Weill Cornell Medicine‐QatarCornell UniversityAr‐RayyanQatar
- Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical CorporationDohaQatar
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3
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Krassas A, Diamantis I, Karampinis I, Vgenopoulou S, Misthos P. Primary Intrapulmonary Thymoma Appearing as a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: The "Master of Disguise" of Lung Tumors?: Case Report. J Chest Surg 2021; 54:412-415. [PMID: 33293484 PMCID: PMC8548194 DOI: 10.5090/jcs.20.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary intrapulmonary thymomas (PITs) are defined as thymomas arising in intrapulmonary locations, without an associated mediastinal component. They are rare lesions, the diagnosis of which can be very difficult. We present a case of PIT in an asymptomatic 74-year-old woman in whom pulmonary nodules were found on pulmonary angiography performed for an episode of pulmonary embolism. She underwent wedge resection and the pathology report revealed a PIT. We also summarize this patient’s clinicopathological features and discuss the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of PIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Krassas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Diamantis
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karampinis
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Misthos
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sismanogleio General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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4
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Lourdesamy Anthony AI, Satnam Singh TK. Multifocal Primary Intrapulmonary Thymoma: A rare subtype of ectopic thymoma. Respir Med Case Rep 2021; 33:101423. [PMID: 34401269 PMCID: PMC8348171 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2021.101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Intrapulmonary Thymoma (PIT) is an infrequent ectopic lung tumor that poses a diagnostic dilemma and has a poorly understood origin. We report a previously healthy 61-year-old lady who presented with cough and weight loss for a month. Diagnostic imaging showed a large left upper lobe mass and two multifocal pleural based nodules in the left lower lobe. She underwent Computed Tomography (CT) guided biopsy of the lung mass and histopathological findings was consistent with a combined Type B1 and B2 thymoma. She was planned for 6 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the intent of achieving tumor downstaging and resectability. Due to the lack of established evidence for management of unresectable disease, we wish to highlight the importance of multidisciplinary consensus before pursuing multimodality treatment.
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5
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Zhou Q, Han L, Ke X, Zhou J. Ectopic thymoma: Retrospective analysis of eight cases with clinical features and computed tomography findings. Clin Imaging 2019; 60:153-159. [PMID: 31927170 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2019.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the computed tomography (CT) and clinical features of ectopic thymoma, and to be familiar with the CT diagnosis of this disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS CT data, clinical data, and pathological data of eight cases of ectopic thymoma, confirmed by pathology from September 2013 to June 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Eight cases of thymoma were diagnosed, which included three in mediastinum (one of B1 type, two of C type), two in pericardium (both of B3 type), one in lung (B1 type), one in pleura (AB type), and one in right atrium (B2 type). Among the eight cases, four were men and four were women, aged 36-70 years. The clinical manifestations were chest tightness, shortness of breath and cough, and one case of myasthenia gravis. Six of the 8 patients were misdiagnosed as lymphoma, solitary fibrous tumor, malignant teratoma by CT. CT showed the following: the long diameter of tumor was 4.2 cm-19.5 cm, the shape was elliptical or round, and one case of ectopic thymoma grew in the atrium. The density was homogeneous in two cases and heterogeneous in six cases. The boundary was clear in three cases and unclear in five cases. Among the eight cases, three showed pleural effusion, two showed pericardial effusion and three showed calcification. CONCLUSIONS Ectopic thymoma is rare and often misdiagnosed due to abnormal position. However, CT findings of ectopic thymoma are similar to those of the anterior superior mediastinal thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China; Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China; Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiaoai Ke
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China; Second Clinical School, Lanzhou University, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, China
| | - Junlin Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Gansu, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging of Gansu Province, China.
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6
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Wang M, Kundu U, Gong Y. Pitfalls of FNA diagnosis of thymic tumors. Cancer Cytopathol 2019; 128:57-67. [DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minhua Wang
- Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas
| | - Uma Kundu
- Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas
| | - Yun Gong
- Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston Texas
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7
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Jung W, Kang CH, Kim YT, Park IK. Primary Intrapulmonary Thymoma Presenting as a Solitary Pulmonary Nodule. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2017; 50:54-58. [PMID: 28180106 PMCID: PMC5295486 DOI: 10.5090/kjtcs.2017.50.1.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Primary intrapulmonary thymoma (PIT) is a very rare lesion of uncertain pathogenesis. PIT should be considered when the histopathological appearance of a lung tumor shows features that are uncommon but similar to those of a thymoma. In this case report, we discuss the case of a 59-year-old female with a solitary pulmonary nodule that was confirmed to be PIT on the basis of pathological tests. Treatment with complete resection showed good results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woohyun Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Chang Hyun Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - In Kyu Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine
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8
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Weissferdt A, Moran CA. The spectrum of ectopic thymomas. Virchows Arch 2016; 469:245-54. [PMID: 27255665 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1967-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Thymomas are rare tumors that usually manifest in the anterosuperior mediastinum. Occasionally, thymomas may also originate from ectopically dispersed thymic tissue and can arise in locations such as the neck, lung, or pleura or other locations in the thoracic cavity. The occurrence of thymomas in these ectopic locations can cause substantial diagnostic difficulty as the entity is almost never included in the differential diagnosis and its biphasic morphology can cause further complications during the diagnostic process. In this review, we summarize the clinical and pathological spectrum of ectopic thymomas and discuss the histogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of these extraordinary tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Cesar A Moran
- Department of Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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9
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Zhang C, Xu W, Jin C, Li J, Hu J. Bilateral multiple intrapulmonary nodules: a puzzled and rare disease. J Thorac Dis 2015; 7:E182-5. [PMID: 26380748 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.06.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary intrapulmonary spindle cell thymomas (PISCT) are rare lesions that may be mistaken for a variety of benign and malignant epithelial or mesenchymal tumors. It is thought as one subtype of primary intrapulmonary thymomas (PIT). To the best of our knowledge, no bilateral multiple primary intrapulmonary spindle thymomas and treatment had been reported in literature. We fortunately diagnosed and managed this unique case, which might provide some experience for physicians who were interested in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Zhang
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmenbay Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Sanmen 317100, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Wenzhen Xu
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmenbay Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Sanmen 317100, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Caijin Jin
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmenbay Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Sanmen 317100, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jun Li
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmenbay Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Sanmen 317100, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Jian Hu
- 1 Division of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China ; 2 Division of Thoracic Surgery, Sanmen People's Hospital, Sanmenbay Branch of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Sanmen 317100, China ; 3 Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China
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10
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Ishibashi F, Moriya Y, Tamura H, Matsui Y, Iizasa T. Differential diagnosis of primary intrapulmonary thymoma: a report of two cases. Surg Case Rep 2015; 1:56. [PMID: 26366353 PMCID: PMC4560126 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-015-0061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary intrapulmonary thymomas (PITs), which are intrapulmonary tumors without an associated mediastinal component, are very rare. The diagnosis of a PIT can be difficult. Here, we report two cases of resected PITs that were difficult to differentiate from other lung tumors. The patients, of a 62-year-old man and a 64-year-old woman, had no significant symptoms and were both referred to our hospital due to the presence of an abnormal shadow on chest computed tomography (CT). The patients underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-CT (FDG-PET/CT) and subsequently tumor excision. A PIT was confirmed histopathologically in the surgical specimens from both patients. In one case, the tumor consisted of a type A thymoma without abnormal FDG uptake. In the other case, the tumor consisted of a type B2 thymoma presenting with weak FDG uptake. This report thus documents two cases of PITs with different histopathologic and FDG-PET/CT findings. Thoracoscopic surgery is essential in the differential diagnosis between PITs and other lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Ishibashi
- Division of Thoracic Diseases, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717 Japan
| | - Yasumitsu Moriya
- Division of Thoracic Diseases, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717 Japan
| | - Hajime Tamura
- Division of Thoracic Diseases, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717 Japan
| | - Yukiko Matsui
- Division of Thoracic Diseases, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717 Japan
| | - Toshihiko Iizasa
- Division of Thoracic Diseases, Chiba Cancer Center, 666-2, Nitona-cho, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8717 Japan
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11
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Simoglou C, Tsolakis N. Undifferentiated pleiomorphic sarcoma simultaneously occuring with thymoma. J Thorac Dis 2014; 6:E188-90. [PMID: 25276394 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.09.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
We report here a case of thymoma simultaneously associated with neuroendocrine tumor. A 65-year-old male, presented with cough. Radiographic studies showed a mediastinal mass. On fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological examination, a diagnosis of thymoma with coexisting undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma was made. Although thymoma is associated with many extrathymic malignancies, its association with neuroendocrine tumor is rare. This case is being reported on to reinforce that clinicians should bear in mind the possibility of extrathymic malignancies in patients with thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Simoglou
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alexandroupolis, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 2 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, St. Luke's Hospital, Panorama Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Tsolakis
- 1 Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Alexandroupolis, School of Medicine, Alexandroupolis, Greece ; 2 Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, St. Luke's Hospital, Panorama Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Katsura M, Kouso H, Shikada Y, Ushijima C, Momosaki S, Takeo S. Primary intrapulmonary thymoma. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013; 63:56-9. [PMID: 23812659 DOI: 10.1007/s11748-013-0283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary intrapulmonary thymoma (PIT), which is an intrapulmonary tumor without an associated mediastinal component, is rare. We herein report a resected case of PIT in a 55-year-old female who presented with a 2.5 × 2.4 cm mass in the left upper lobe. We also summarize the clinicopathological features and discuss the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of PIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Katsura
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization, Kyushu Medical Center, 1-8-1, Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka, 810-8563, Japan,
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13
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A rare case of ectopic laterocervical thymoma. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012; 41:7-9. [PMID: 22687955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2012.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectopic cervical thymoma is a rare site for a thymus neoplasm. It is frequently confused with cyst or with later neck mass of uncertain diagnosis until a histological diagnosis is made. Thymic neoplasms normally arise in the mediastinum, causing signs and symptoms of compression of the adjacent structures. Although rare, malignant thymomas may develop from an ectopic thymus, situated in the thyroid gland (Miyauchi et al., 1985; Matsuura et al., 2004), the neck (Yan et al., 2010; Yao et al., 2010; Jung et al., 1999), the lungs (Myers et al., 2007), and the heart (Miller et al., 2005). It is thought to be caused by the persistence of embryological organ portions along its route of physiological descent from the neck into the mediastinum during embryological development. The incidence of ectopic thymoma is around 4%. The thymus is a lympho-epithelial organ that is the centre of the development and maturation of the T lymphocytes. It develops from the ventral portion of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches and by the sixth week of gestation it descends into the anterior mediastinum. It has a lobular structure with an external or cortical portion, richly populated by immature T cells, thymocyte and an internal medullary part.
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14
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Primary intrapulmonary thymoma associated with myasthenia gravis. Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2012; 60:610-3. [DOI: 10.1007/s11748-012-0064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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15
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Spieler P, Rössle M. Respiratory Tract and Mediastinum. ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY 2012. [PMCID: PMC7122295 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-24719-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Normal cytology, abnormal and atypical cells, non-cellular components, and infectious cell changes are largely described together with benign, malignant, and neuroendocrine lesions regarding exfoliative and aspiration cytology of the lung. A separate section broadly addresses diagnostic findings and differential diagnoses in bronchoalveolar washings. The section ‘Fine needle aspiration biopsy of mediastinal disorders’ covers in particular biopsy techniques, accuracy of liquid-based cytology, and the complex lesions of the thymus gland. Cytodiagnostic algorithms of the major benign and malignant pulmonary and mediastinal lesions and their respective differential diagnoses are additionally presented in synoptic setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Spieler
- Institut für Pathologie, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Rorschacherstraße 95, 9007 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Rössle
- Institut für Klinische Pathologie, UniversitätsSpital Zürich, Schmelzbergstraße 12, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zheng
- Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Fengwei Guo
- Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
| | - Youmin Pan
- Tongji Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan, China
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17
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Thymoma with coexisting undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma: a case report. Case Rep Pulmonol 2011; 2011:135794. [PMID: 22937421 PMCID: PMC3420573 DOI: 10.1155/2011/135794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a case of thymoma simultaneously associated with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. A 45-year-old male presented with axillary lump. Radiographic studies showed a mediastinal mass. On fine needle aspiration cytology and histopathological examination, a diagnosis of thymoma with coexisting undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma was made. Although thymomas are associated with many extrathymic malignancies, it's association with undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma is rare. This case is being reported on to reinforce that clinicians should bear in mind the possibility of extrathymic malignancies in patients with thymomas.
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18
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Yan B, Lim D, Petersson F. Ectopic cervical thymoma: a report of two cases of a rare entity frequently misdiagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology and frozen section. Head Neck Pathol 2010; 4:152-6. [PMID: 20333561 PMCID: PMC2878633 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-010-0172-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ectopic cervical thymoma (ECT) is a rare tumor that is frequently misdiagnosed on fine needle aspiration cytology and frozen section. Using conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemistry, we characterized the only two cases of ECT found in our institutional files over a period of 20 years. Both tumors were classified as type AB-thymoma. Neoplastic cells expressed cytokeratins but not CD5. Non-neoplastic T-lymphocytes were positive for CD3 and CD5. Lymphocytes expressed CD1a in only one case. One tumor breached the capsule and had positive surgical margins. For this patient, adjuvant radiotherapy was given. The other patient has had an uneventful follow-up for 20 years with no other therapy than surgery. Both cases of ECT showed identical histomorphological and immunohistochemical features of type AB-thymomas originating in the thymus. Short follow-up precludes conclusion on the implication of positive margins in conjunction with adjuvant radiotherapy for one of the patients presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Yan
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
| | - Diana Lim
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
| | - Fredrik Petersson
- Department of Pathology, National University Health System, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074 Singapore
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19
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Johns RH, Reinhardt AK. Association between thymoma and persistent hypothermia: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2009; 3:73. [PMID: 19946549 PMCID: PMC2783072 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-3-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 10/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thymomas are rare, slow-growing tumours that present in a variety of ways such as incidental findings on chest radiographs following symptoms of cough and dyspnoea. Thymomas may also present with symptoms due to intrathoracic spread such as superior vena cava obstruction, or with symptoms of an associated paraneoplastic disorder. Such paraneoplastic disorders are typified by the generation of autoantibodies directed against a variety of self antigens including myasthenia gravis, neuromyotonia, and hypogammaglobulinaemia. Significant hypothermia in association with thymoma has been described previously in one published case report. The basis for hypothermia in that case was not clear, but was postulated to relate to abnormal central thermal regulation and was resolved completely following treatment with intravenous gammablobulin, thus suggesting an autoimmune aetiology. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of an 88-year-old man with Type A thymoma and persistent hypothermia. An extensive investigation of the hypothermia revealed no aetiology other than the thymoma itself. Symptoms of hypothermia were treated effectively with passive and active external rewarming. The patient's dyspnoea was much improved by intercostal drainage of a left-sided pleural effusion and talc pleurodesis. He was not offered definitive treatment for the thymoma in view of its relatively favourable prognosis, and because his symptoms were well controlled at the time of discharge. CONCLUSION We suggest that the possibility of thymoma be investigated once the more common causes of hypothermia have been excluded in an appropriate clinical context. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the second published case report describing such an association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin H Johns
- Chest Clinic, Whipps Cross University Hospital NHS Trust, London E11 1NR, UK
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Gong L, Li YH, He XL, Wang Q, Yao L, Zhu SJ, Han XJ, Wu T, Yuan J, Zhang W. Primary Intrapulmonary Thymomas: Case Report and Review of the Literature. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:1252-7. [PMID: 19761712 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary intrapulmonary thymomas (PIT), which are intrapulmonary tumours without an associated mediastinal component, are very rare; only 29 cases of PIT have been described in the literature since 1951. This report presents a case of PIT in a 59-year old Chinese woman with a type A thymoma (including its pathogenesis, clinical pathological characteristics, immunological phenotype, treatment and prognosis), in the context of a review of the current literature. The origin of thymomas in this unusual location remains unknown. In this case, immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the epithelial component was strongly positive for cytokeratin and focally reactive for epithelial membrane antigen. It is concluded that PIT should be considered when the histopathological appearance of a lung tumour is not typical of other pulmonary neoplasms. Complete resection appears sufficient in non-malignant tumours, while in cases of partial resection or malignancy, adjuvant radiotherapy should be considered. Long-term regular clinical follow-up is also warranted, due to the risk of late local recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Gong
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
| | - Y-H Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
| | - X-L He
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
| | - Q Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
| | - L Yao
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
| | - S-J Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
| | - X-J Han
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
| | - T Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
| | - W Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Shaanxi Xi'an, China
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