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Liao CK, Kuo YT, Lin YC, Chern YJ, Hsu YJ, Yu YL, Chiang JM, Hsieh PS, Yeh CY, You JF. Neoadjuvant Short-Course Radiotherapy Followed by Consolidation Chemotherapy before Surgery for Treating Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Oncol 2022; 29:3708-3727. [PMID: 35621687 PMCID: PMC9139840 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29050297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant short course radiotherapy (SCRT) followed by consolidation chemotherapy (CCT) is an alternative treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the tumor response and oncological outcomes of this new approach compared to conventional chemoradiotherapy (CRT). An online search of the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was performed. This review included 7507 patients from 14 different cohorts. The pCR rate was higher with SCRT + CCT than that with CRT (RR: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.35−1.91; p < 0.01). SCRT + CCT provided a higher ypN0 response (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01−1.12; p = 0.02). There were no differences in R0 resection and positive CRM rates; however, more sphincter-preservation surgeries were performed in the SCRT + CCT arm (RR: 1.06; 95% CI: 1.01−1.11; p = 0.02). There was no difference in the OS and DFS between the SCRT + CCT and the CRT arms (OS: HR: 0.85, p = 0.07; DFS: HR: 0.88, p = 0.08). The compliance and toxicity were comparable between the SCRT and CRT groups. In the subgroup analysis, patients who underwent four or more cycles of CCT had better pCR and DFS events. Therefore, SCRT followed by consolidation chemotherapy might be an effective alternative treatment for LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Liao
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-M.C.); (P.-S.H.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Ya-Ting Kuo
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-M.C.); (P.-S.H.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Yueh-Chen Lin
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-M.C.); (P.-S.H.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Yih-Jong Chern
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-M.C.); (P.-S.H.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Yu-Jen Hsu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-M.C.); (P.-S.H.); (C.-Y.Y.)
| | - Yen-Lin Yu
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, No. 222, Maijin Rd., Anle Dist., Keelung City 204201, Taiwan;
| | - Jy-Ming Chiang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-M.C.); (P.-S.H.); (C.-Y.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Shiu Hsieh
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-M.C.); (P.-S.H.); (C.-Y.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuh Yeh
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-M.C.); (P.-S.H.); (C.-Y.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Fu You
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (Y.-T.K.); (Y.-C.L.); (Y.-J.C.); (Y.-J.H.); (J.-M.C.); (P.-S.H.); (C.-Y.Y.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-365-617
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Podda M, Sylla P, Baiocchi G, Adamina M, Agnoletti V, Agresta F, Ansaloni L, Arezzo A, Avenia N, Biffl W, Biondi A, Bui S, Campanile FC, Carcoforo P, Commisso C, Crucitti A, De'Angelis N, De'Angelis GL, De Filippo M, De Simone B, Di Saverio S, Ercolani G, Fraga GP, Gabrielli F, Gaiani F, Guerrieri M, Guttadauro A, Kluger Y, Leppaniemi AK, Loffredo A, Meschi T, Moore EE, Ortenzi M, Pata F, Parini D, Pisanu A, Poggioli G, Polistena A, Puzziello A, Rondelli F, Sartelli M, Smart N, Sugrue ME, Tejedor P, Vacante M, Coccolini F, Davies J, Catena F. Multidisciplinary management of elderly patients with rectal cancer: recommendations from the SICG (Italian Society of Geriatric Surgery), SIFIPAC (Italian Society of Surgical Pathophysiology), SICE (Italian Society of Endoscopic Surgery and new technologies), and the WSES (World Society of Emergency Surgery) International Consensus Project. World J Emerg Surg 2021; 16:35. [PMID: 34215310 PMCID: PMC8254305 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-021-00378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although rectal cancer is predominantly a disease of older patients, current guidelines do not incorporate optimal treatment recommendations for the elderly and address only partially the associated specific challenges encountered in this population. This results in a wide variation and disparity in delivering a standard of care to this subset of patients. As the burden of rectal cancer in the elderly population continues to increase, it is crucial to assess whether current recommendations on treatment strategies for the general population can be adopted for the older adults, with the same beneficial oncological and functional outcomes. This multidisciplinary experts' consensus aims to refine current rectal cancer-specific guidelines for the elderly population in order to help to maximize rectal cancer therapeutic strategies while minimizing adverse impacts on functional outcomes and quality of life for these patients. METHODS The discussion among the steering group of clinical experts and methodologists from the societies' expert panel involved clinicians practicing in general surgery, colorectal surgery, surgical oncology, geriatric oncology, geriatrics, gastroenterologists, radiologists, oncologists, radiation oncologists, and endoscopists. Research topics and questions were formulated, revised, and unanimously approved by all experts in two subsequent modified Delphi rounds in December 2020-January 2021. The steering committee was divided into nine teams following the main research field of members. Each conducted their literature search and drafted statements and recommendations on their research question. Literature search has been updated up to 2020 and statements and recommendations have been developed according to the GRADE methodology. A modified Delphi methodology was implemented to reach agreement among the experts on all statements and recommendations. CONCLUSIONS The 2021 SICG-SIFIPAC-SICE-WSES consensus for the multidisciplinary management of elderly patients with rectal cancer aims to provide updated evidence-based statements and recommendations on each of the following topics: epidemiology, pre-intervention strategies, diagnosis and staging, neoadjuvant chemoradiation, surgery, watch and wait strategy, adjuvant chemotherapy, synchronous liver metastases, and emergency presentation of rectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Podda
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Cagliari University Hospital "D. Casula", Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Patricia Sylla
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gianluca Baiocchi
- ASST Cremona, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michel Adamina
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cantonal Hospital of Winterthur, Winterthur - University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Ferdinando Agresta
- Department of General Surgery, Vittorio Veneto Hospital, AULSS2 Trevigiana del Veneto, Vittorio Veneto, Italy
| | - Luca Ansaloni
- 1st General Surgery Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alberto Arezzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Nicola Avenia
- SC Chirurgia Generale e Specialità Chirurgiche Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - Walter Biffl
- Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Scripps Memorial Hospital, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of General Surgery and Medical - Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Simona Bui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio C Campanile
- Department of Surgery, ASL VT - Ospedale "San Giovanni Decollato - Andosilla", Civita Castellana, Italy
| | - Paolo Carcoforo
- Department of Surgery, Unit of General Surgery, University Hospital of Ferrara, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Claudia Commisso
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Antonio Crucitti
- General and Minimally Invasive Surgery Unit, Cristo Re Hospital and Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola De'Angelis
- Unit of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Digestive Surgery, Regional General Hospital F. Miulli, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Bari, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi De'Angelis
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Belinda De Simone
- Department of General and Metabolic Surgery, Poissy and Saint Germain en Laye Hospitals, Poissy, France
| | | | - Giorgio Ercolani
- General and Oncologic Surgery, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital, AUSL Romagna, Forlì, Italy
| | - Gustavo P Fraga
- Division of Trauma Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Federica Gaiani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Yoram Kluger
- Division of General Surgery, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ari K Leppaniemi
- Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrea Loffredo
- UOC Chirurgia Generale - AOU san Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Università di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Parma University Hospital, Parma, Italy
| | - Ernest E Moore
- Ernest E Moore Shock Trauma Center at Denver Health, Denver, USA
| | | | | | - Dario Parini
- Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Adolfo Pisanu
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Cagliari University Hospital "D. Casula", Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gilberto Poggioli
- Surgery of the Alimentary Tract, Sant'Orsola Hospital, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Polistena
- Dipartimento di Chirurgia Pietro Valdoni Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza Università degli Studi di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Puzziello
- UOC Chirurgia Generale - AOU san Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Università di Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Fabio Rondelli
- SC Chirurgia Generale e Specialità Chirurgiche Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | | | | | - Michael E Sugrue
- Letterkenny University Hospital and CPM sEUBP Interreg Project, Letterkenny, Ireland
| | | | - Marco Vacante
- Department of General Surgery and Medical - Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Federico Coccolini
- General, Emergency and Trauma Surgery Department, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Justin Davies
- Cambridge Colorectal Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fausto Catena
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Parma Maggiore Hospital, Parma, Italy
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