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Wanhainen A, Van Herzeele I, Bastos Goncalves F, Bellmunt Montoya S, Berard X, Boyle JR, D'Oria M, Prendes CF, Karkos CD, Kazimierczak A, Koelemay MJW, Kölbel T, Mani K, Melissano G, Powell JT, Trimarchi S, Tsilimparis N, Antoniou GA, Björck M, Coscas R, Dias NV, Kolh P, Lepidi S, Mees BME, Resch TA, Ricco JB, Tulamo R, Twine CP, Branzan D, Cheng SWK, Dalman RL, Dick F, Golledge J, Haulon S, van Herwaarden JA, Ilic NS, Jawien A, Mastracci TM, Oderich GS, Verzini F, Yeung KK. Editor's Choice -- European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2024 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Abdominal Aorto-Iliac Artery Aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2024; 67:192-331. [PMID: 38307694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2023.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) has developed clinical practice guidelines for the care of patients with aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries in succession to the 2011 and 2019 versions, with the aim of assisting physicians and patients in selecting the best management strategy. METHODS The guideline is based on scientific evidence completed with expert opinion on the matter. By summarising and evaluating the best available evidence, recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of patients have been formulated. The recommendations are graded according to a modified European Society of Cardiology grading system, where the strength (class) of each recommendation is graded from I to III and the letters A to C mark the level of evidence. RESULTS A total of 160 recommendations have been issued on the following topics: Service standards, including surgical volume and training; Epidemiology, diagnosis, and screening; Management of patients with small abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), including surveillance, cardiovascular risk reduction, and indication for repair; Elective AAA repair, including operative risk assessment, open and endovascular repair, and early complications; Ruptured and symptomatic AAA, including peri-operative management, such as permissive hypotension and use of aortic occlusion balloon, open and endovascular repair, and early complications, such as abdominal compartment syndrome and colonic ischaemia; Long term outcome and follow up after AAA repair, including graft infection, endoleaks and follow up routines; Management of complex AAA, including open and endovascular repair; Management of iliac artery aneurysm, including indication for repair and open and endovascular repair; and Miscellaneous aortic problems, including mycotic, inflammatory, and saccular aortic aneurysm. In addition, Shared decision making is being addressed, with supporting information for patients, and Unresolved issues are discussed. CONCLUSION The ESVS Clinical Practice Guidelines provide the most comprehensive, up to date, and unbiased advice to clinicians and patients on the management of abdominal aorto-iliac artery aneurysms.
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Lilja F, Wanhainen A, Mani K. Statin therapy after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair improves long-term survival. Br J Surg 2024; 111:znad383. [PMID: 38198155 PMCID: PMC10782213 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znad383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms are at high risk of cardiovascular events. Although statin therapy is indicated for most of these patients, no specific recommendation regarding the intensity of therapy exists. The aim of this study was to assess the possible effect of statin therapy on survival of patients undergoing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and to investigate if high-intensity statin therapy was superior to low-moderate-intensity therapy. METHODS Data from nationwide Swedish registers on hospital admissions, operations, and medications for patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair from 2006 to 2018 were collected. The effect of statin use was evaluated in three separate propensity score matched cohorts: perioperative mortality was analysed according to whether patients were on statins before abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or not; long-term survival was assessed according to whether patients were on statins during follow-up or not; and, for those on statins after surgery, long-term survival was analysed according to whether patients were on high-intensity or low-moderate-intensity statin therapy. RESULTS Preoperative statin use did not reduce 90-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.99, 95% c.i. 0.77 to 1.28), whilst there was a marked benefit regarding long-term survival for postoperative statin users (HR 1.43, 95% c.i. 1.34 to 1.54). High-intensity statin therapy had no advantage over low-medium-intensity statin therapy with regards to long-term survival (HR 1.00, 95% c.i. 0.80 to 1.25). CONCLUSION In this nationwide propensity score matched cohort study, preoperative statin treatment had no benefit regarding 90-day perioperative survival, but postoperative statin treatment markedly improved long-term survival. No additional benefit regarding high-dose statin treatment could be confirmed in this analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Lilja
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Wanhainen
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Perioperative and Surgical Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kevin Mani
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kontopodis N, Galanakis N, Charalambous S, Matsagkas M, Giannoukas AD, Tsetis D, Ioannou CV, Antoniou GA. Editor's Choice - Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in High Risk Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2022; 64:461-474. [PMID: 35872342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate outcomes of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) in high risk patients. METHODS Bibliographic sources (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL) were searched using combinations of thesaurus and free text terms. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021287207) and reported according to PRISMA 2020. Pooled estimates were calculated using odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) applying the Mantel-Haenszel or inverse variance method. EVAR peri-operative mortality in high risk patients over time was examined with mixed effects meta-regression. The GRADE framework was used to rate the certainty of evidence. RESULTS The pooled peri-operative mortality in 18 416 high risk patients who underwent EVAR was 3% (95% CI 2.3 - 4%) and has significantly reduced over time (year of publication p = .003; median study point p = .023). The peri-operative mortality was significantly lower in high risk patients treated with EVAR compared with open repair (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.45 - 0.92), but no significant difference was found in overall (HR 1.06; 95% CI 0.76 - 1.49) or aneurysm related mortality (HR 0.57; 95% CI 0.21 - 1.55). No significant difference was found in overall mortality between high risk patients treated with EVAR vs. no intervention (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.14 - 1.26), but the aneurysm related mortality was significantly lower in the former (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.14 - 0.63). The peri-operative mortality was higher in high risk than normal risk patients treated with EVAR (OR 2.33; 95% CI 1.75 - 3.10), as was the overall mortality (HR 3.50; 95% CI 2.55 - 4.80). The certainty of evidence was very low for EVAR vs. open surgery or no intervention and low for high vs. normal risk patients. CONCLUSION The EVAR peri-operative mortality in high risk patients has improved over time. Even though the aneurysm related mortality of EVAR is lower compared with no intervention, EVAR may confer no overall survival benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kontopodis
- Vascular Surgery Department, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Galanakis
- Interventiona Radiology Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Stavros Charalambous
- Interventiona Radiology Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Radiology, Division of Interventional Radiology, Nicosia General Hospital, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Miltiadis Matsagkas
- Vascular Surgery Department, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Athanasios D Giannoukas
- Vascular Surgery Department, University Hospital of Larissa, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Tsetis
- Interventiona Radiology Unit, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Christos V Ioannou
- Vascular Surgery Department, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George A Antoniou
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.
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Statins reduce mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Vasc Surg 2021; 75:356-362.e4. [PMID: 34197945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The necessity and efficacy of statin treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) remains controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of statin therapy on the outcomes of patients with AAA. METHODS The Cochrane library, Embase, and MedLine were searched comprehensively to identify relevant cohort studies and randomized controlled trials. The primary outcomes included short- and long-term mortality after AAA repair, and secondary outcomes included the incidence of perioperative cardiovascular complications, sac shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair, and the growth rate of the aneurysms. Short-term mortality was defined as all-cause 30-day or in-hospital postoperative mortality. Long-term mortality was defined as the all-cause mortality at the end of follow-up period (≥1 year). A random effects model was used to combine the results of included studies. Forest plots were created to show the pooled results of each outcome. RESULTS One post hoc analysis of a randomized trial and 36 cohort studies (n = 134,290 patients) were included in this systematic review. The average score of included studies by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was 7.76. Patients taking or not taking statin therapy were all diagnosed with unruptured AAA, and 59.9% of these patients were given statin therapy. Compared with statin nonusers, patients in statin therapy had significantly lower long-term mortality (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-0.75; P < .001; I2 = 71.7%), and short-term mortality after aneurysmal repair (odds ratio, 0.51; 95% confidence interval, 0.36-0.73; P < .001; I2 = 81.4%). No significant difference was found between patients taking or not taking statin treatment on perioperative cardiovascular complications or sac shrinkage after endovascular aneurysm repair or growth rate of AAA under surveillance. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that statin use is associated with a significant decrease in long- and short-term mortality in patients after AAA repair. Based on these results, statin therapy is worth being used in clinical practice for the management of AAA.
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Risum Ø, Sandven I, Sundhagen JO, Abdelnoor M. Editor's Choice – Effect of Statins on Total Mortality in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021; 61:114-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2020.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Marketou M, Papadopoulos G, Kontopodis N, Patrianakos A, Nakou E, Maragkoudakis S, Chlouverakis G, Stratakis S, Tavlas E, Parthenakis F, Ioannou CV. Early Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain Deterioration After Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Impact of Aortic Stiffness. J Endovasc Ther 2020; 28:352-359. [PMID: 33412985 DOI: 10.1177/1526602820976636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To associate the impact of aortic reconstruction using currently available grafts and endografts on pulse wave velocity in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and to evaluate its effect on early cardiac systolic function indices. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy-three consecutive patients with AAA (mean age 70±8 years; all men) who underwent open (n=12) or endovascular repair (EVAR; n=61) were prospectively enrolled in an observational cohort study. Left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS; an important diagnostic and prognostic index of early systolic dysfunction) and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) were estimated 1 week preoperatively, as well as at 1 and 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS A significant time effect was found for cf-PWV, which showed an increase at 1 month that remained through 6 months (p=0.007). Additionally, a deterioration in GLS values was revealed, with a significant change at 1 month that persisted 6 months later (p<0.001). No significant group effect was observed between EVAR and open repair (p=0.98), and there was no significant interaction (p=0.96). Notably, the difference in GLS between baseline and 6 months significantly correlated with the corresponding changes in cf-PWV (r=0.494, p<0.001). CONCLUSION AAA repair leads not only to an increase in aortic stiffness, as measured by the increase in pulse wave velocity, but also to reduced cardiac systolic function. Our findings highlight the need for a more intense cardiac surveillance program after aortic reconstruction. Further studies are needed to investigate how this may translate into long-term manifestations of cardiovascular complications and symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marketou
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Papadopoulos
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kontopodis
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | - Alexandros Patrianakos
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Eleni Nakou
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Spyros Maragkoudakis
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Gregory Chlouverakis
- Division of Biostatistics, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | - Stavros Stratakis
- Nephrology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | - Emmanouel Tavlas
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
| | - Fragiskos Parthenakis
- Cardiology Department, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Christos V Ioannou
- Vascular Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete Medical School, Crete, Greece
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Li B, Khan S, Salata K, Hussain MA, de Mestral C, Greco E, Aljabri BA, Forbes TL, Verma S, Al-Omran M. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term outcomes of endovascular versus open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg 2019; 70:954-969.e30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Kalesan B, Nicewarner H, Intwala S, Leung C, Balady GJ. Pre-operative stress testing in the evaluation of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219145. [PMID: 31295274 PMCID: PMC6622497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pre-operative stress testing is widely used to evaluate patients for non-cardiac surgeries. However, its value in predicting peri-operative mortality is uncertain. The objective of this study is to assess the type and quality of available evidence in a comprehensive and statistically rigorous evaluation regarding the effectiveness of pre-operative stress testing in reducing 30-day post -operative mortality following non -cardiac surgery. Methods The databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases (from inception to January 27, 2016) were searched for all studies in English. We included studies with pre-operative stress testing prior to 10 different non-cardiac surgery among adults and excluded studies with sample size<15. The data on study characteristics, methodology and outcomes were extracted independently by two observers and checked by two other observers. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. We performed random effects meta-analysis to estimate relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in two-group comparison and pooled the rates for stress test alone. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 and methodological quality of studies using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The predefined protocol was registered in PROSPERO #CRD42016049212. Results From 1807 abstracts, 79 studies were eligible (297,534 patients): 40 had information on 30-day mortality, of which 6 studies compared stress test versus no stress test. The risk of 30-day mortality was not significant in the comparison of stress testing versus none (RR: 0.79, 95% CI = 0.35–1.80) along with weak evidence for heterogeneity. For the studies that evaluated stress testing without a comparison group, the pooled rates are 1.98% (95% CI = 1.25–2.85) with a high heterogeneity. There was evidence of potential publication bias and small study effects. Conclusions Despite substantial interest and research over the past 40 years to predict 30-day mortality risk among patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery, the current body of evidence is insufficient to derive a definitive conclusion as to whether stress testing leads to reduced peri-operative mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Kalesan
- Department of Medicine and Community Health Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Heidi Nicewarner
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sunny Intwala
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christopher Leung
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Balady
- Department of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Medical Campus, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Relationships of Statin Therapy and Hyperlipidemia With the Incidence, Rupture, Postrepair Mortality, and All-Cause Mortality of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Cerebral Aneurysm: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2019; 73:232-240. [DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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10
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Wanhainen A, Verzini F, Van Herzeele I, Allaire E, Bown M, Cohnert T, Dick F, van Herwaarden J, Karkos C, Koelemay M, Kölbel T, Loftus I, Mani K, Melissano G, Powell J, Szeberin Z, ESVS Guidelines Committee, de Borst GJ, Chakfe N, Debus S, Hinchliffe R, Kakkos S, Koncar I, Kolh P, Lindholt JS, de Vega M, Vermassen F, Document reviewers, Björck M, Cheng S, Dalman R, Davidovic L, Donas K, Earnshaw J, Eckstein HH, Golledge J, Haulon S, Mastracci T, Naylor R, Ricco JB, Verhagen H. Editor's Choice – European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2019 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Abdominal Aorto-iliac Artery Aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2019; 57:8-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 873] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Huang Q, Yang H, Lin Q, Hu M, Meng Y, Qin X. Effect of Statin Therapy on Survival After Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. World J Surg 2018; 42:3443-3450. [PMID: 29564515 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-018-4586-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND No consensus exists on the effect of statin therapy on survival after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. The objective of this review was to systematically review the literature to investigate whether statin therapy is associated with improved outcomes after AAA repair. METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to find relevant randomized controlled trials and cohort studies. Outcomes of interest included long-term mortality and short-term mortality and perioperative cardiac complications. RESULTS Nine cohort studies and one post hoc study of a randomized controlled trial were included, giving a total of 28,496 enrolled patients. Compared with nonusers of statins, statin use was associated with significantly lower long-term mortality (HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.47-0.69, I2 = 70.1%), short-term mortality (RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.38-0.98, I2 = 51.7%), and fewer perioperative cardiac complications (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.26-0.80, I2 = 0%). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that statin therapy has beneficial effects on survival after AAA repair and statins should be recommended to patients who will receive open or endovascular AAA repair. However, these findings mainly relied on data from cohort studies, and the high-quality studies are still needed to further validate our conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Huang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuning Lin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanbiao Meng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Alshaikh HN, Bohsali F, Gani F, Nejim B, Malas M. Statin intensity and postoperative mortality following open repair of intact abdominal aortic aneurysm. BJS Open 2018; 2:411-418. [PMID: 30511041 PMCID: PMC6254010 DOI: 10.1002/bjs5.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a lack of evidence for the association between intensive statin therapy and outcomes following vascular surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between perioperative statin intensity and in-hospital mortality following open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. Methods Patients undergoing open AAA repair between 2009 and 2015 were identified from the Premier Healthcare Database. Statin use was classified into low, moderate and high intensity, based on American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines. Supratherapeutic intensity was defined as doses higher than the recommended guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were undertaken to assess the association between statin intensity and postoperative major adverse events and in-hospital mortality. Results Of 6497 patients undergoing open AAA repair, 3217 (49·5 per cent) received perioperative statin. Statin users were more likely to present with three or more co-morbidities than non-users (26·5 versus 21·8 per cent; P < 0·001). Unadjusted postoperative mortality was significantly lower in statin users (2·6 versus 6·3 per cent; P < 0·001); however, there was no difference in the risk of developing major adverse events. Multivariable analysis showed that statin use was associated with lower odds of death (odds ratio 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·31 to 0·54). Moderate, high and supratherapeutic statin intensities were not associated with lower odds of death or major adverse events compared with low-intensity statin therapy. Conclusion Statin use is associated with lower odds of death in hospital following open AAA repair. High-intensity statins were not associated with lower morbidity or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H N Alshaikh
- Johns Hopkins Surgery Center for Outcomes Research Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - F Bohsali
- Department of Medicine Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - F Gani
- Johns Hopkins Surgery Center for Outcomes Research Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - B Nejim
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Vascular and Endovascular Clinical Research Center Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - M Malas
- Johns Hopkins Bayview Vascular and Endovascular Clinical Research Center Baltimore Maryland USA
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Yu W, Wang B, Zhan B, Li Q, Li Y, Zhu Z, Yan Z. Statin therapy improved long-term prognosis in patients with major non-cardiac vascular surgeries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vascul Pharmacol 2018; 109:1-16. [PMID: 29953967 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether statin intervention will improve the long-term prognosis of patients undergoing major non-cardiac vascular surgeries. METHODS Major database searches for clinical trials enrolling patients undergoing major non-cardiac vascular surgeries, including lower limb revascularization, carotid artery surgeries, arteriovenous fistula, and aortic surgeries, were performed. Subgroup analyses, stratified by surgical types or study types, were employed to obtain statistical results regarding survival, patency rates, amputation, and cardiovascular and stroke events. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by Review Manager 5.3. Sensitivity analysis, publication bias and meta-regression were conducted by Stata 14.0. RESULTS In total, 34 observational studies, 8 prospective cohort studies and 4 randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) were enrolled in the present analysis. It was demonstrated that statin usage improved all-cause mortality in lower limb, carotid, aortic and mixed types of vascular surgery subgroups compared with those in which statins were not used. Additionally, the employment of statins efficiently enhanced the primary and secondary patency rates and significantly decreased the amputation rates in the lower limb revascularization subgroup. Furthermore, for other complications, statin intervention decreased cardiovascular events in mixed types of vascular surgeries and stroke incidence in the carotid surgery subgroup. No significant publication bias was observed. The meta-regression results showed that the morbidity of cardiovascular disease or the use of aspirin might affect the overall estimates in several subgroups. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrated that statin therapy was associated with improved survival rates and patency rates and with reduced cardiovascular or stroke morbidities in patients who underwent non-cardiac vascular surgeries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenpei Yu
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China; The Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing, The Chongqing Geriatric Hospital, Chongqing 400053, China
| | - Bin Wang
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China; Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Fuxing Road 28, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bin Zhan
- The Thirteenth People's Hospital of Chongqing, The Chongqing Geriatric Hospital, Chongqing 400053, China
| | - Qiang Li
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Yingsha Li
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhiming Zhu
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Zhencheng Yan
- The Center for Hypertension and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing Institute of Hypertension, Chongqing 400042, China.
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14
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Siracuse JJ, Schermerhorn ML, Meltzer AJ, Eslami MH, Kalish JA, Rybin D, Doros G, Farber A. Comparison of outcomes after endovascular and open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in low-risk patients. Br J Surg 2016; 103:989-94. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In randomized trials endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) has been shown to have superior perioperative outcomes compared with open aneurysm repair (OAR). However, outcomes in patients at low risk of complications are unclear and many surgeons still prefer OAR in this cohort. The objective was to analyse perioperative and longer-term outcomes of OAR and EVAR in this low-risk group of patients.
Methods
All elective infrarenal EVARs and OARs in the Vascular Study Group of New England database were reviewed from 2003 to 2014. The Medicare scoring system was used to identity patients at low risk of perioperative complications and death. Perioperative and longer-term outcomes were analysed in this cohort. A Kaplan–Meier plot was constructed for evaluation of longer-term survival. Further propensity matching and multivariable analysis were performed to analyse additional differences between the two groups.
Results
Some 1070 patients who underwent EVAR and 476 who had OAR were identified. Mean(s.d.) age was 67·3(5·7) and 65·1(6·3) years respectively (P < 0·001). EVAR was associated with a lower overall perioperative complication rate (4·2 versus 26·5 per cent; P < 0·001). There was no difference in 30-day mortality (0·4 versus 0·6 per cent; P = 0·446). Overall survival at 3 years was similar after EVAR and OAR (92·5 versus 92·1 per cent respectively; P = 0·592). In multivariable analyses there was no difference in freedom from reintervention (odds ratio 1·69, 95 per cent c.i. 0·73 to 3·90; P = 0·220) or survival (hazard ratio 0·85, 0·61 to 1·20; P = 0·353).
Conclusion
In patients predicted to be at low risk of perioperative death following aneurysm repair, EVAR resulted in fewer perioperative complications than OAR. However, perioperative mortality, reinterventions and survival rates in the longer term appeared similar between endovascular and open repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Siracuse
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M L Schermerhorn
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A J Meltzer
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - M H Eslami
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J A Kalish
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Rybin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Doros
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Farber
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Boston Medical Center, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Zhang W, Liu Z, Liu C. Effect of lipid-modifying therapy on long-term mortality after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: a systemic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg 2015; 39:794-801. [PMID: 25385163 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-014-2858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several observational studies have demonstrated that lipid-modifying therapy may improve long-term survival in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients after repair. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies evaluating the effect of lipid-modifying therapy on long-term mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a systematic search of multiple databases up to April 2014. Studies that evaluated exposure to lipid-modifying therapy, reported mortality data and hazard ratio (HR) or provided survival curve for their estimation were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled HR estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random-effects model. RESULTS Eight studies (seven cohorts, one post hoc study of a randomization controlled trial) reporting 2,605 patients on lipid-modifying therapy were included. Meta-analysis showed a significant 39% reduction in long-term mortality with lipid-modifying therapy (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.51-0.73). After exclusion of one study which was contributing to considerable heterogeneity, a significant 33% reduction in mortality risk was a more conservative, consistent estimate (HR 0.67; 95% CI 0.59-0.77). CONCLUSION Meta-analysis of studies supports a protective role of lipid-modifying therapy on mortality risk after AAA repair. Aggressive lipid intervention should be recommended to those who receiving AAA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, People's Republic of China
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16
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Salzler GG, Meltzer AJ, Mao J, Isaacs A, Connolly PH, Schneider DB, Sedrakyan A. Characterizing the evolution of perioperative outcomes and costs of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2015; 62:1134-9. [PMID: 26254455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2015.06.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to characterize the evolution in perioperative outcomes and costs of endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair (EVAR) by detailing changes in adjusted outcomes and costs over time. METHODS National Inpatient Sample (2000-2011) data were used to evaluate patient characteristics, outcomes, and perioperative costs for elective EVAR performed for intact AAA. Outcomes were adjusted for patient demographics and comorbidities, and hospital factors by multivariate analysis. Costs were calculated from hospital cost to charge ratio files and adjusted to 2011 dollars. RESULTS From 2000 to 2011, 185,249 patients underwent elective EVAR for intact AAA. The absolute rates of in-hospital major morbidity, mortality, and procedural costs all decreased significantly over time (P < .0001). The prevalence of major comorbidities in patients undergoing EVAR, including obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, all increased significantly over time. After adjusting for multiple demographics, comorbidities, and hospital-level factors, recent outcomes of EVAR (2009-2011) remain superior to the early experience (2000-2002) with respect to mortality and major complications. CONCLUSIONS From 2000-2011, the perioperative outcomes of EVAR improved significantly despite a higher prevalence of comorbidities among patients undergoing repair. Concurrently, procedure-associated costs declined. Advanced technology is often implicated in escalating healthcare spending, and the value of novel techniques is often questioned. These findings highlight that, in the case of EVAR, procedural outcomes have improved while the initial costs of repair have declined over time. EVAR offers an interesting example for stakeholders to consider in the era of cost-containment pressures and criticism of nascent, expensive technology in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew J Meltzer
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY.
| | - Jialin Mao
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Abby Isaacs
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Peter H Connolly
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | - Art Sedrakyan
- Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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17
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Khashram M, Jenkins JS, Jenkins J, Kruger AJ, Boyne NS, Foster WJ, Walker PJ. Long-term outcomes and factors influencing late survival following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair: A 24-year experience. Vascular 2015; 24:115-25. [DOI: 10.1177/1708538115586682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Abdominal aortic aneurysms can be either treated by an open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or an endovascular repair. Comparing clinical predictors of outcomes and those which influence survival rates in the long term is important in determining the choice of treatment offered and the decision-making process with patients. Aims To determine the influence of pre-existing clinical predictors and perioperative determinants on late survival of elective open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and endovascular repair at a tertiary hospital. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair from 1990 to 2013 were included. Data were collected from a prospectively acquired database and death data were gathered from the Queensland state death registry. Pre-existing risks and perioperative factors were assessed independently. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression modeling were performed. Results During the study period, 1340 abdominal aortic aneurysms were repaired electively, of which 982 were open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. The average age was 72.4 years old and 81.7% were males. The cumulative percentage survival rates for open abdominal aortic aneurysms repair at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were 79, 49, 31 and 22, respectively. The corresponding 5-, 10- and 15-year survival rates for endovascular repair were not significantly different at 75, 49 and 33%, respectively (P = 0.75). Predictors of reduced survival were advanced age, American Society of Anaesthesiology scores, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal impairment, bifurcated grafts, peripheral vascular disease and congestive heart failure. Conclusions Open repair offers a good long-term treatment option for patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm and in our experience there is no significant difference in late survival between open abdominal aortic aneurysms repair and endovascular repair. Consideration of the factors identified in this study that predict reduced long-term survival for open abdominal aortic aneurysms repair and endovascular repair should be considered when deciding repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Khashram
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Julie S Jenkins
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jason Jenkins
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Allan J Kruger
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas S Boyne
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wallace J Foster
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip J Walker
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Discipline of Surgery and Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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18
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Sun Z, Al Moudi M, Cao Y. CT angiography in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease: a transformation in cardiovascular CT practice. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2014; 4:376-96. [PMID: 25392823 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4292.2014.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Computed tomography (CT) angiography represents the most important technical development in CT imaging and it has challenged invasive angiography in the diagnostic evaluation of cardiovascular abnormalities. Over the last decades, technological evolution in CT imaging has enabled CT angiography to become a first-line imaging modality in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. This review provides an overview of the diagnostic applications of CT angiography (CTA) in cardiovascular disease, with a focus on selected clinical challenges in some common cardiovascular abnormalities, which include abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism (PE) and coronary artery disease. An evidence-based review is conducted to demonstrate how CT angiography has changed our approach in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. Radiation dose reduction strategies are also discussed to show how CT angiography can be performed in a low-dose protocol in the current clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Sun
- 1 Discipline of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Western Australia, Australia ; 2 Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; 3 Department of Medical Imaging, Shandong Medical College, Jinan 276000, China
| | - Mansour Al Moudi
- 1 Discipline of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Western Australia, Australia ; 2 Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; 3 Department of Medical Imaging, Shandong Medical College, Jinan 276000, China
| | - Yan Cao
- 1 Discipline of Medical Imaging, Department of Imaging and Applied Physics, Curtin University, Perth, 6102, Western Australia, Australia ; 2 Department of Medical Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ; 3 Department of Medical Imaging, Shandong Medical College, Jinan 276000, China
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19
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Siracuse JJ, Gill HL, Graham AR, Schneider DB, Connolly PH, Sedrakyan A, Meltzer AJ. Comparative safety of endovascular and open surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms in low-risk male patients. J Vasc Surg 2014; 60:1154-1158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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de Bruin JL, Baas AF, Heymans MW, Buimer MG, Prinssen M, Grobbee DE, Blankensteijn JD. Statin therapy is associated with improved survival after endovascular and open aneurysm repair. J Vasc Surg 2014; 59:39-44.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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21
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Current status of medical management for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Atherosclerosis 2011; 217:57-63. [PMID: 21596379 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous trials indicate that surgical management of small abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) does not reduce mortality. The medical management of AAA, however, has to a large degree been ignored until recently. Medical management is not only needed to limit the expansion of small AAAs but also to reduce the high incidence of other cardiovascular events in these patients. In this review current evidence regarding medical therapy for patients with small AAAs is discussed. Four current randomised controlled trials are examining the efficacy of exercise, doxycycline and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in limiting AAA progression. A further trial using a mast cell stabilisation agent is expected to start soon. It is anticipated that a range of novel therapies for small AAAs will be identified within the next decade.
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22
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Twine CP, Williams IM. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of statin therapy on abdominal aortic aneurysms. Br J Surg 2010; 98:346-53. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.7343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The aim was to investigate the effects of statin therapy on abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease.
Methods
PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched for all studies on any clinical effect of statin therapy on AAA. Outcomes were selected based on their inclusion in two or more studies: AAA expansion rate, 30-day mortality, and short- and long-term postoperative mortality. The data were subjected to meta-analysis by outcome.
Results
Twelve cohort studies were selected for inclusion involving 11 933 individuals. Meta-analysis of four studies examining all-cause postoperative mortality showed a significant improvement with statin therapy at 1, 2 and 5 years (odds ratio (OR) at 5 years 0·57, 95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·42 to 0·79; P < 0·001) with minimal heterogeneity between the four included studies. There was no significant difference in 30-day mortality after AAA treatment in patients on statin therapy (OR 0·22, 0·02 to 2·90; P = 0·25). Sensitivity analysis including four high-quality studies examining AAA expansion rates showed no significant difference with statin therapy: standardized mean difference −0·14 (95 per cent c.i. −0·33 to −0·05) mm/year (P = 0·16).
Conclusion
The claim of a reduction in AAA expansion rate with statin therapy is based on low-quality evidence and was not significant on meta-analysis. However, statin therapy did appear to improve all-cause survival after AAA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- C P Twine
- Cardiff Regional Vascular Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - I M Williams
- Cardiff Regional Vascular Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
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23
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Vega de Céniga M, Estallo L, Barba A, de la Fuente N, Viviens B, Gómez R. Long-term cardiovascular outcome after elective abdominal aortic aneurysm open repair. Ann Vasc Surg 2010; 24:655-62. [PMID: 20363099 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Revised: 12/03/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed the incidence of late cardiovascular events and mortality after elective infra-/juxtarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm open repair (AAA-OR). METHODS We included patients who survived AAA-OR in our center in 1988-2006. We registered late cardiac, cerebrovascular, and peripheral vascular events, as well as all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. We calculated patient survival and freedom from cardiovascular events (Kaplan-Meier) and evaluated risk factors (multivariate analysis). RESULTS We studied 297 patients: 292 (98.3%) men, aged 67 +/- 7 (44-83) years, 143 (48.1%) bifurcated grafts. In a mean follow-up of 78.7 +/- 52.9 months, we registered 203 cardiovascular events in 123 (41.4%) patients, at a rate of 0.16 cardiovascular events/patient-year. Eleven (3.7%) patients suffered graft-related complications. Freedom from cardiovascular events was 94.2%, 67.2%, 45.7%, and 27.6% at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively. Survival was 96.6%, 74.7%, 50.7%, and 31.5%, respectively. The main cause of death was cardiovascular disease (n = 54, 18.2%), followed by cancer (n = 43, 14.5%). Only four (1.3%) deaths were graft-related. Coronary artery disease and chronic renal failure were predictive of cardiovascular mortality (p = 0.033 and 0.006). CONCLUSION Although long-term survival is similar to that in the general population, successful AAA-OR patients remain at increased risk of cardiovascular events throughout their lifetime. Graft-related complications are rare, confirming the durability of the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vega de Céniga
- Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao-Usansolo, Bizkaia, Spain.
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Winkel TA, Schouten O, van Kuijk JP, Verhagen HJ, Bax JJ, Poldermans D. Perioperative asymptomatic cardiac damage after endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair is associated with poor long-term outcome. J Vasc Surg 2009; 50:749-54; discussion 754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2009.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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