|
1
|
Abstract
Lumasiran (Oxlumo™) is a subcutaneously administered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the mRNA for hydroxyacid oxidase 1 gene (HAO1; encodes glycolate oxidase) and was developed by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals for the treatment of primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1). By silencing the gene encoding glycolate oxidase, lumasiran depletes glycolate oxidase and thereby inhibits the synthesis of oxalate, which is the toxic metabolite that is directly associated with the clinical manifestations of PH1. On 19 November 2020, lumasiran received its first global approval in the EU for the treatment of PH1 in all age groups. On 23 November 2020, lumasiran was approved in the USA for the treatment of adult and paediatric patients with PH1. This article summarizes the milestones in the development of lumasiran leading to this first approval.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lesley J Scott
- Springer Nature, Mairangi Bay, Private Bag 65901, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand.
| | - Susan J Keam
- Springer Nature, Mairangi Bay, Private Bag 65901, Auckland, 0754, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Witzigmann D, Kulkarni JA, Leung J, Chen S, Cullis PR, van der Meel R. Lipid nanoparticle technology for therapeutic gene regulation in the liver. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:344-363. [PMID: 32622021 PMCID: PMC7329694 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary genetic disorders, cancer, and infectious diseases of the liver affect millions of people around the globe and are a major public health burden. Most contemporary treatments offer limited relief as they generally aim to alleviate disease symptoms. Targeting the root cause of diseases originating in the liver by regulating malfunctioning genes with nucleic acid-based drugs holds great promise as a therapeutic approach. However, employing nucleic acid therapeutics in vivo is challenging due to their unfavorable characteristics. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery technology is a revolutionary development that has enabled clinical translation of gene therapies. LNPs can deliver siRNA, mRNA, DNA, or gene-editing complexes, providing opportunities to treat hepatic diseases by silencing pathogenic genes, expressing therapeutic proteins, or correcting genetic defects. Here we discuss the state-of-the-art LNP technology for hepatic gene therapy including formulation design parameters, production methods, preclinical development and clinical translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Witzigmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jayesh A Kulkarni
- NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Department of Medical Genetics, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Evonik Canada, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jerry Leung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sam Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Integrated Nanotherapeutics, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pieter R Cullis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; NanoMedicines Innovation Network (NMIN), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Roy van der Meel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|