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Attieh RM, Begum F, Chitty D, Izzedine H, Jhaveri KD. Kidney and Urinary Tract Involvement in Chronic Myelomonocytic Leukemia. Kidney Med 2024; 6:100769. [PMID: 38313809 PMCID: PMC10837097 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2023.100769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is a hematologic malignancy affecting the bone marrow and resulting in peripheral blood monocytosis. Kidney and urinary tract involvement is common and can present dramatically with life-threatening consequences. Kidney involvement can be the result of direct or indirect mechanisms, including prerenal azotemia, glomerular disease, tubulointerstitial involvement, and renovascular disorders. Urinary tract involvement, electrolyte and acid-base disorders, as well as nephrotoxicity from treatment of the disorder can also occur. Given this multifactorial pathogenesis involving several mechanisms concomitantly, nephrologists must exercise heightened awareness and maintain a low threshold for kidney biopsy. There is a pressing need for future research endeavors to elucidate and target the manifestations of CMML that involve the kidneys with the ultimate goal of augmenting overall prognosis and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Attieh
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Glomerular Center at Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, New York
| | - Farhana Begum
- Department of Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, New York
| | - David Chitty
- Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Lake Success, New York
| | - Hassan Izzedine
- Department of Nephrology, Peupliers Private Hospital, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Paris, France
| | - Kenar D Jhaveri
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Glomerular Center at Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Great Neck, New York
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Mukhametova LI, Zherdev DO, Kuznetsov AN, Yudina ON, Tsvetkov YE, Eremin SA, Krylov VB, Nifantiev NE. Fluorescence-Polarization-Based Assaying of Lysozyme with Chitooligosaccharide Tracers. Biomolecules 2024; 14:170. [PMID: 38397407 PMCID: PMC10886901 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme is a well-known enzyme found in many biological fluids which plays an important role in the antibacterial protection of humans and animals. Lysozyme assays are used for the diagnosis of a number of diseases and utilized in immunohistochemistry, genetic and cellular engineering studies. The assaying methods are divided into two categories measuring either the concentration of lysozyme as a protein or its activity as an enzyme. While the first category of methods traditionally uses an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the methods for the determination of the enzymatic activity of lysozyme use either live bacteria, which is rather inconvenient, or natural peptidoglycans of high heterogeneity and variability, which leads to the low reproducibility of the assay results. In this work, we propose the use of a chemically synthesized substrate of a strictly defined structure to measure in a single experiment both the concentration of lysozyme as a protein and its enzymatic activity by means of the fluorescence polarization (FP) method. Chito-oligosaccharides of different chain lengths were fluorescently labeled and tested leading to the selection of the pentasaccharide as the optimal size tracer and the further optimization of the assay conditions for the accurate (detection limit 0.3 μM) and rapid (<30 min) determination of human lysozyme. The proposed protocol was applied to assay human lysozyme in tear samples and resulted in good correlation with the reference assay. The use of synthetic fluorescently labeled tracer, in contrast to natural peptidoglycan, in FP analysis allows for the development of a reproducible method for the determination of lysozyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya I. Mukhametova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.M.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Dmitry O. Zherdev
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.M.); (S.A.E.)
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia (Y.E.T.)
| | - Anton N. Kuznetsov
- Laboratory of Synthetic Glycovaccines, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Olga N. Yudina
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia (Y.E.T.)
| | - Yury E. Tsvetkov
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia (Y.E.T.)
| | - Sergei A. Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninsky Gory 1/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.M.); (S.A.E.)
| | - Vadim B. Krylov
- Laboratory of Synthetic Glycovaccines, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Nikolay E. Nifantiev
- Laboratory of Glycoconjugate Chemistry, N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia (Y.E.T.)
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Ashraf H, Uczkowski D, Stuart M. Lysozyme-induced nephropathy due to systemic granulomatous disease. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e8122. [PMID: 38028084 PMCID: PMC10658583 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.8122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysozyme-induced nephropathy is a rare form of acute tubular injury that has almost exclusively been reported in patients with monocytic malignancies. Typically, patients will present in acute renal failure A renal biopsy is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and will demonstrate proximal tubular cells with hypereosinophilic granules, which are periodic acid-Schiff and Jones methenamine silver-positive. Immunohistochemical staining for lysozyme will also be present. The following rare case will describe a case of lysozyme nephropathy in a patient without any underlying hematological malignancy, but instead with systemic granulomatous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ashraf
- Overlook Medical CenterAtlantic Health SystemSummitNew JerseyUSA
| | | | - Matthew Stuart
- Overlook Medical CenterAtlantic Health SystemSummitNew JerseyUSA
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