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Hatfield KO, Gole MT, Schorr NB, Murphy CJ, Rodríguez-López J. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Observation of Real-Time Surface pH Perturbations. Anal Chem 2021; 93:7792-7796. [PMID: 34043908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling chemical dynamics at electrode interfaces is key to electrochemical applications in sensing, electrocatalysis, and energy storage. Here, we introduce colocalized surface-enhanced Raman scattering-scanning electrochemical microscopy (SERS-SECM) as a multimodal tool able to simultaneously probe and affect electrochemical interfaces in real time. As a model system to demonstrate SERS-SECM, we used a self-assembled monolayer of 4-mercaptopyridine (4MPy), a pH sensitive Raman indicator, anchored to silver nanoparticles as a substrate. We modulated the local pH at the surface with chronoamperometry, inducing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the SECM tip and observed subsequent Raman peak height changes in the 4MPy. We then performed cyclic voltammetry of HER at the SECM tip while measuring SERS spectra every 200 ms to highlight the technique's real-time capabilities. Our results show the capability to sensitively interrogate and trigger chemical/electrochemical dynamic surface phenomena. We hope SERS-SECM will provide insight on the link between heterogeneous and homogeneous reactivity at electrochemical interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrich O Hatfield
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Matthew T Gole
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Noah B Schorr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Catherine J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Taylor D, Zeaf I, Lovchik RD, Kaigala GV. Centimeter-Scale Surface Interactions Using Hydrodynamic Flow Confinements. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:10537-10544. [PMID: 27653338 PMCID: PMC5131324 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b02983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We present a device and method for selective chemical interactions with immersed substrates at the centimeter-scale. Our implementations enable both, sequential and simultaneous delivery of multiple reagents to a substrate, as well as the creation of gradients of reagents on surfaces. The method is based on localizing submicroliter volumes of liquids on an immersed surface with a microfluidic probe (MFP) using a principle termed hydrodynamic flow confinement (HFC). We here show spatially defined, multiplexed surface interactions while benefiting from the probe capabilities such as non-contact scanning operation and convection-enhanced reaction kinetics. Three-layer glass-Si-glass probes were developed to implement slit-aperture and aperture-array designs. Analytical and numerical analysis helped to establish probe designs and operating parameters. Using these probes, we performed immunohistochemical analysis on individual cores of a human breast-cancer tissue microarray. We applied α-p53 antibodies on a 2 mm diameter core within 2.5 min using a slit-aperture probe (HFC dimension: 0.3 mm × 1.2 mm). Further, multiplexed treatment of a tissue core with α-p53 and α-β-actin antibodies was performed using four adjacent HFCs created with an aperture-array probe (HFC dimension: 4 × 0.3 mm × 0.25 mm). The ability of these devices and methods to perform multiplexed assays, present sequentially different liquids on surfaces, and interact with surfaces at the centimeter-scale will likely spur new and efficient surface assays.
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Rodríguez-López J, Bard AJ. Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Surface Interrogation of Adsorbed Hydrogen and the Open Circuit Catalytic Decomposition of Formic Acid at Platinum. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:5121-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9090319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joaquín Rodríguez-López
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Allen J. Bard
- Center for Electrochemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for Nano- and Molecular Science and Technology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Cortés-Salazar F, Träuble M, Li F, Busnel JM, Gassner AL, Hojeij M, Wittstock G, Girault HH. Soft Stylus Probes for Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy. Anal Chem 2009; 81:6889-96. [DOI: 10.1021/ac900887u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Cortés-Salazar
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Markus Träuble
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Fei Li
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Marc Busnel
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Laure Gassner
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Mohamad Hojeij
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Gunther Wittstock
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hubert H. Girault
- Laboratoire d’Electrochimie Physique et Analytique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland, and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Center of Interface Science (CIS), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany
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