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Lai Z, Li D, Cai S, Liu M, Huang F, Zhang G, Wu X, Jin Y. Small-Area Techniques for Micro- and Nanoelectrochemical Characterization: A Review. Anal Chem 2023; 95:357-373. [PMID: 36625128 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaogui Lai
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Dingshi Li
- Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Shuangyu Cai
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Min Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Feifei Huang
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology, Beijing 100076, China
| | - Ying Jin
- National Center for Materials Service Safety, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 102206, China
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2
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Torabian MM, Jafari M, Bazargan A. Discharge of lithium-ion batteries in salt solutions for safer storage, transport, and resource recovery. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2022; 40:402-409. [PMID: 34060962 PMCID: PMC8915232 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x211022658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has grown in recent years, making them a promising source of secondary raw materials due to their rich composition of valuable materials, such as Cobalt and Nickel. Recycling LIBs can help reduce fossil energy consumption, CO2 emissions, environmental pollution, and consumption of valuable materials with limited supplies. On the other hand, the hazards associated with spent LIBs recycling are mainly due to fires and explosions caused by unwanted short-circuiting. The high voltage and reactive components of end-of-life LIBs pose safety hazards during mechanical processing and crushing stages, as well as during storage and transportation. Electrochemical discharge using salt solutions is a simple, quick, and inexpensive way to eliminate such hazards. In this paper, three different salts (NaCl, Na2S, and MgSO4) from 12% to 20% concentration are investigated as possible candidates. The effectiveness of discharge was shown to be a function of molarity rather than ionic strength of the solution. Experiments also showed that the use of ultrasonic waves can dramatically improve the discharge process and reduce the required time more than 10-fold. This means that the drainage time was reduced from nearly 1 day to under 100 minutes. Finally, a practical setup in which the tips of the batteries are directly immersed inside the salt solution is proposed. This creative configuration can fully discharge the batteries in less than 5 minutes. Due to the fast discharge rates in this configuration, sedimentation and corrosion are also almost entirely avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milad Jafari
- Civil Engineering Department, K N Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bazargan
- School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Alireza Bazargan, School of Environment, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Enghelab, Tehran, Iran.
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Choucri J, Balbo A, Zanotto F, Grassi V, Touhami ME, Mansouri I, Monticelli C. Corrosion Behavior and Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking of Leaded and Lead-Free Brasses in Simulated Drinking Water. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 15:144. [PMID: 35009290 PMCID: PMC8746281 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Duplex α + β' brasses are widely used in drinking water distribution systems for tube fittings, valves, and ancillaries because they are low cost, easy to fabricate, and exhibit high mechanical strength. However, depending on application conditions and alloy composition, they may undergo dealloying and stress corrosion cracking. In this research, three different brass types, two leaded (CW617N and CW602N) alloys and one lead-free brass (CW724R), were investigated to assess their corrosion behavior and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in simulated drinking water (SDW) solutions containing different chloride concentrations, compatible with drinking water composition requirements according to Moroccan standard NM 03.7.001. The corrosion behavior was assessed by electrochemical tests such as polarization curve recording and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) monitoring, coupled to SEM-EDS surface observations. The susceptibility to SCC was investigated by slow strain rate tests (SSRT). The tests showed that corrosion was mainly under diffusion control and chlorides slightly accelerated corrosion rates. All alloys, and particularly CW617N, were affected by SCC under the testing conditions adopted and in general the SCC susceptibility increased at increasing chloride concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Choucri
- Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre “A. Daccò”, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.); (A.B.); (F.Z.); (V.G.)
- Laboratory of Materials Engineering and Environment, Modelling and Application, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
| | - Andrea Balbo
- Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre “A. Daccò”, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.); (A.B.); (F.Z.); (V.G.)
| | - Federica Zanotto
- Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre “A. Daccò”, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.); (A.B.); (F.Z.); (V.G.)
| | - Vincenzo Grassi
- Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre “A. Daccò”, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.); (A.B.); (F.Z.); (V.G.)
| | - Mohamed Ebn Touhami
- Laboratory of Materials Engineering and Environment, Modelling and Application, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra 14000, Morocco;
| | - Ilyass Mansouri
- International Institute for Water and Sanitation (IEA), National Office of Electricity and Potable Water, Rabat 10220, Morocco;
| | - Cecilia Monticelli
- Corrosion and Metallurgy Study Centre “A. Daccò”, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (J.C.); (A.B.); (F.Z.); (V.G.)
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Quantitative Understanding of the Environmental Effect on B10 Copper Alloy Corrosion in Seawater. METALS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/met11071080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Corrosion in natural seawater is difficult to simulate in a laboratory due to the slow rate and complexity of the corrosion process which involves multiple influential factors. This paper aims to explore the quantitative effect of environmental factors on corrosion process and find the best experimental conditions which represent the actual environment and have the best acceleration effect. A new framework is followed in this paper which consists of three parts: design of experiments, outdoor and laboratory corrosion tests, and corrosion mechanism consistency confirmation. A L6(31 × 22) orthogonal experiment is designed in laboratory to study the effect of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen on marine corrosion behavior of B10 copper alloy. In each test, H2O2 is added in seawater to accelerate the corrosion process. Outdoor exposure tests are also conducted in natural seawater. Results show that the corrosion process in laboratory and outdoor follows the same mechanism, in view of corrosion product and morphology, corrosion kinetics, as well as mechanical properties. With the help of quantitative analysis of the test results, a better acceleration condition can be designed.
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Application of a modified flow-type microcell to evaluate local mass transport coefficients. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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6
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Molena de Assis C, Ho TH, de Melo HG, Keddam M, Turmine M, Vivier V. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy in a Droplet of Solution for the Investigation of Liquid/Solid Interface. Anal Chem 2016; 88:12108-12115. [PMID: 28193063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The local electrochemical behavior of a solid-liquid interface can be studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The investigated surface area can be delimited by adding a drop of solution, which forms an interface between the liquid drop and the working electrode, and performing the measurements inside. The size of the drop must be sufficiently small for a simultaneous wettability characterization (from the contact angle measurement) and appropriately large so that wettability is not influenced by the presence of the working and the counter electrode inserted in the droplet. In this work, we showed that EIS measurements can be performed in a solution droplet of 2 to 4 μL, although the electrochemical cell lacks the usual geometry. For our measurements, we studied a model system consisting of a KCl aqueous solution of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- redox couple at a Pt electrode. All the results were compared with those obtained for a bulk configuration. The sessile drop configuration and the EIS response were modeled using finite element method for different electrode sizes and configurations to account for electrochemical kinetics and both current and potential distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Molena de Assis
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France.,Departamento de Eng. Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, n. 2463, CEP 05508-030 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thu Huong Ho
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Hercilio Gomes de Melo
- Departamento de Eng. Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Prof. Mello Moraes, n. 2463, CEP 05508-030 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michel Keddam
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Mireille Turmine
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Vivier
- Sorbonne Universités , UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire Interfaces et Systèmes Electrochimiques, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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Accelerated Degradation Test and Predictive Failure Analysis of B10 Copper-Nickel Alloy under Marine Environmental Conditions. MATERIALS 2015; 8:6029-6042. [PMID: 28793549 PMCID: PMC5512897 DOI: 10.3390/ma8095290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper studies the corrosion behavior of B10 copper-nickel alloy in marine environment. Accelerated degradation test under marine environmental conditions was designed and performed based on the accelerated testing principle and the corrosion degradation mechanism. With the prolongation of marine corrosion time, the thickness of Cu2O film increased gradually. Its corrosion product was Cu2(OH)3Cl, which increased in quantity over time. Cl− was the major factor responsible for the marine corrosion of copper and copper alloy. Through the nonlinear fitting of corrosion rate and corrosion quantity (corrosion weight loss), degradation data of different corrosion cycles, the quantitative effects of two major factors, i.e., dissolved oxygen (DO) and corrosion medium temperature, on corrosion behavior of copper alloy were analyzed. The corrosion failure prediction models under different ambient conditions were built. One-day corrosion weight loss under oxygenated stirring conditions was equivalent to 1.31-day weight loss under stationary conditions, and the corrosion rate under oxygenated conditions was 1.31 times higher than that under stationary conditions. In addition, corrosion medium temperature had a significant effect on the corrosion of B10 copper sheet.
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Dauphin-Ducharme P, Mauzeroll J. Surface Analytical Methods Applied to Magnesium Corrosion. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7499-509. [DOI: 10.1021/ac504576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme
- Laboratory for Electrochemical
Reactive Imaging and Detection of Biological Systems, Department of
Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0G4
| | - Janine Mauzeroll
- Laboratory for Electrochemical
Reactive Imaging and Detection of Biological Systems, Department of
Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec Canada, H3A 0G4
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Kollender JP, Voith M, Schneiderbauer S, Mardare AI, Hassel AW. Highly customisable scanning droplet cell microscopes using 3D-printing. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Drensler S, Milenkovic S, Hassel AW. Microvials with tungsten nanowire arrays. J Solid State Electrochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-014-2528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Influence of pH and Chloride Concentration on the Corrosion Behavior of Unalloyed Copper in NaCl Solution: A Comparative Study Between the Micro and Macro Scales. MATERIALS 2012. [PMCID: PMC5449061 DOI: 10.3390/ma5122439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The effects of pH and chloride concentration on the electrochemical corrosion of copper in aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) media were studied at the micro scale using a microcapillary droplet cell and at the macro scale using a conventional large scale cell. Using an experimental design strategy, electrochemical response surface models of copper versus pH and NaCl concentration were constructed with the minimum number of experiments required. Results show that the electrochemical behavior of copper under corrosive media shows significant differences between the micro and macro scale experiments. At the micro scale, the pit initiation of copper occurs at more negative potentials for high NaCl concentrations and alkaline pH values. Also, the micro scale potentiostatic measurements indicate higher stabilised passive currents at high NaCl concentrations and low (acidic) pH values. At the macro scale, the pH is shown to have a greater influence on the corrosion potential. The chloride concentration is the most significant factor in the passive current case while at the micro scale the effect of these two factors on the passive current was found to be the same. The surface morphology of the formed patina on the corroded copper in both micro and macro systems reveal a more significant role of the chloride concentration on the structure and the grain size of the patinas. Finally, micro and macro electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of copper at various NaCl concentrations and pH values demonstrates a different behavior of copper after several potentiodynamic polarization cycles.
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12
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Assessment of the electrochemical microcell geometry by local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of copper corrosion. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Arjmand F, Adriaens A. Investigation of 304L stainless steel in a NaCl solution using a microcapillary electrochemical droplet cell: Comparison with conventional electrochemical techniques. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Influence of normal and radial contributions of local current density on local electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Electrochim Acta 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Klemm SO, Topalov AA, Laska CA, Mayrhofer KJ. Coupling of a high throughput microelectrochemical cell with online multielemental trace analysis by ICP-MS. Electrochem commun 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2011.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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16
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Single pit initiation on 316L austenitic stainless steel using scanning electrochemical microscopy. Electrochim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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