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Li G, Xu C, Xu H, Gan L, Sun K, Yuan B. Tunable graphene oxide for the low-fouling electrochemical sensing of uric acid in human serum. Analyst 2023; 148:2553-2563. [PMID: 37157878 DOI: 10.1039/d3an00291h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been reported to improve the selectivity of uric acid (UA) by eliminating the interference from other electroactive species that coexist in biological fluids. However, two main challenges associated with the nonenzymatic electrochemical detection of UA need to be overcome to achieve practical applications in biological samples. Those are the chemical fouling of electrodes caused by the oxidation product of UA and biofouling due to the non-specific absorption of biological macromolecules. It was found that the residual oxo-functional groups and defects on graphene played a crucial part in both electrocatalysis and anti-biofouling. Here, graphene oxide (GO) was tuned by electro-oxidation and electro-reduction and was investigated in antifouling and electrocatalytic performances for the electrochemical sensing of UA by using pristine GO, BSA bound GO, electro-reduction-treated GO and electro-oxidation-treated GO. The electro-oxidation-treated GO was explored in electrochemical sensing for the first time and exhibited the highest sensitivity and low fouling properties. Holey GO might be formed on the electrode surface by the electrochemical oxidation method in a mild and green solution without the use of an acid. The different electrode interfaces as well as the interaction with BSA were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle measurements, scanning electron microscopy, electrochemistry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Chunying Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Hui Xu
- Huzhou Key Laboratory of Green Energy Materials and Battery Cascade Utilization, School of Intelligent Manufacturing, Huzhou College, Huzhou, 313000, P.R. China
| | - Liju Gan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
| | - Kai Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P. R. China
| | - Baiqing Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China.
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Xu C, Li G, Gan L, Yuan B. In Situ Electrochemical Formation of Oxo-Functionalized Graphene on Glassy Carbon Electrode with Chemical Fouling Recovery and Antibiofouling Properties for Electrochemical Sensing of Reduced Glutathione. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 12:antiox12010008. [PMID: 36670870 PMCID: PMC9854563 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrochemical detection can be used to achieve intracellular or in vivo analysis of reduced glutathione (GSH) in tissues such as brain by using a microelectrode, which can help to better understand the complex biochemical processes of this molecule in the human body. The main challenges associated with electrochemical GSH detection are the chemical fouling of electrodes, caused by the oxidation product of GSSG, and biofouling due to the non-specific absorption of biological macromolecules. Oxo-functionalized graphene was generated in situ on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode using a green electrochemical method without using any other modifiers or materials in a mild water solution. The fabricated oxo-functionalized graphene interface was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electrochemistry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. The interface showed high electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of GSH, and a simple and efficient GSH sensor was developed. Interestingly, the electrode is reusable and could be recovered from the chemical fouling via electrochemical oxidation and reduction treatment. The electrode also exhibited good antibiofouling properties. The presented method could be a promising method used to treat carbon materials, especially carbon-based microelectrodes for electrochemical monitoring of intracellular glutathione or in vivo analysis.
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Yuan B, Gan L, Li G, Xu C, Liu G. A Micro Electrochemical Sensor for Multi-Analyte Detection Based on Oxygenated Graphene Modified Screen-Printed Electrode. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12040711. [PMID: 35215039 PMCID: PMC8875984 DOI: 10.3390/nano12040711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Electrode interfaces with both antibiofouling properties and electrocatalytic activity can promote the practical application of nonenzymatic electrochemical sensors in biological fluids. Compared with graphene, graphene oxide (GO) possesses unique properties such as superior solubility (hydrophilicity) in water, negative charge, and abundant oxygenated groups (oxo functionalities) in the plane and edge sites, which play an essential role in electrocatalysis and functionalization. In this work, a micro electrochemical sensor consisting of GO-modified screen-printed electrode and PDMS micro-cell was designed to achieve multi-analyte detection with excellent selectivity and anti-biofouling properties by electrochemically tuning the oxygen-containing functional species, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and electrical conductivity. In particular, the presented electrodes demonstrated the potential in the analysis of biological samples in which electrodes often suffer from serious biofouling. The interaction of proteins with electrodes as well as uric acid was investigated and discussed.
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Zou X, Hu Q, Yang H, Chen F, Xiang B, Liang X, Wu Q, Shen H. An ultra-effective pathway for fully removing the oxygen components of graphene oxide by a flame-assisted microwave process. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:6964-6968. [PMID: 32400810 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01483d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report an ultra-effective and reliable pathway to reduce GO into graphene by an about 4 seconds flame-assisted microwave process. A holey graphene with a C/O atom ratio of 31.1, a pore volume of 6.0 cm3 g-1, and a specific surface area of 1050.0 m2 g-1 was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Zou
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China.
| | - Qin Hu
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Hengxiu Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Bin Xiang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Xinyue Liang
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China.
| | - Qibin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Power Sources, Guizhou Meiling Power Sources Co. Ltd, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, China
| | - Hujun Shen
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-Material Science, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China.
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5
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Hemin-intercalated layer-by-layer electropolymerized co-deposition of bisphenol A on carbon nanotubes for dual electrocatalysis towards ascorbate oxidation and oxygen reduction. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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6
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Jiang Y, Xiao X, Li C, Luo Y, Chen S, Shi G, Han K, Gu H. Facile Ratiometric Electrochemical Sensor for In Vivo/Online Repetitive Measurements of Cerebral Ascorbic Acid in Brain Microdiaysate. Anal Chem 2020; 92:3981-3989. [PMID: 32037799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b05484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The in vivo monitoring of ascorbic acid (AA) following physiological and pathological events is of great importance because AA plays a critical role in brain functions. The conventional electrochemical sensors (ECSs) usually suffered from poor selectivity and sluggish electron transfer kinetics for cerebral AA oxidation. The exploitation of ECSs adapt to the electrochemical detection (ECD)-microdialysis system, here we reported a facile ratiometric electrochemical sensor (RECS) for in vivo/online repetitive measurements of cerebral AA in brain microdiaysate. The sensor were constructed by careful electrodeposition of graphene oxide (GO) onto glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. Methylene blue (MB) was electrostatically adsorbed onto the GO surface as a built-in reference to achieve ratiometric detection of AA. The subsequent proper electroreduction treatment was able to readily facilitate the oxidation of AA at a relatively negative potential (-100 mV) and the oxidation of MB at separated potential (-428 mV). The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the RECS exhibited high sensitivity (detection limit: 10 nM), selectivity, and stability toward AA determination, enabling the in vivo/online repetitive measurement of cerebral AA in brain microdiaysate with high reliability. As a result, the designed RECS was successfully applied in the ECD-microdialysis system to in vivo/online repetitive monitoring the dynamic change of cerebral AA in the progress of the global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion events. More, the microinjection of endogenous AA and AA oxidase (AAOx) verified the reliability of the proposed RECS for in vivo/online repetitive cerebral AA detection. This proposed sensor filled the gap that no rational electrochemical sensor has been developed for the ECD-microdialysis system since its creation by the Mao group in 2005, which provided a reliable and effective method for brain chemistry research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Jiang
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Xia Xiao
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Chenchen Li
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Yu Luo
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Shu Chen
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Guoyue Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, East China Normal University, 500 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200241, P. R. China
| | - Kai Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Hui Gu
- A Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P. R. China
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Li X, Li N, Hu G, Lin W, Li H. Fabrication of ordered polydopamine-coated carbon nanotube arrays and their electrocatalytic activities towards synergistically enhanced oxidation of ascorbate-monosaccharides and reduction of oxygen. Electrochim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2019.04.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Gold nanorods decorated with graphene oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes for trace level voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid. Mikrochim Acta 2018; 186:17. [PMID: 30542802 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-018-3138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-sensitive sensor is described for the voltammetric determination of ascorbic acid (AA). A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with graphene oxide (GO), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs). GO was used to prevent the aggregation of MWCNTs. The integration of positively charged AuNRs reduces the overpotential and increases the peak current of AA oxidation. Figures of merit of this sensor, typically operated at a low working potential of 0.036 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), include a low detection limit (0.85 nM), high sensitivity (7.61 μA·μM-1·cm-2) and two wide linear ranges (from 1 nM to 0.5 μM and from 1 μM to 8 mM). The use of GO simplifies the manufacture and results in a highly reproducible and stable sensor. It was applied to the quantification of AA in spiked serum. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract contains poor quality and small text inside the artwork. Please do not re-use the file that we have rejected or attempt to increase its resolution and re-save. It is originally poor, therefore, increasing the resolution will not solve the quality problem. We suggest that you provide us the original format. We prefer replacement figures containing vector/editable objects rather than embedded images. Preferred file formats are eps, ai, tiff and pdf.We have provided the original format with the attachments named g.tif. Graphene oxide (GO) in combination with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and gold nanorods (AuNRs) were used to construct a sensing interface with outstanding electrocatalytic performance for ascorbic acid detection.
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9
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Fabrication and catalytic properties of highly ordered single-walled carbon nanotube arrays coated with photoelectro-polymerized bisphenol A films for visible-light-enhanced ascorbate fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Yuan B, Xu C, Zhang R, Lv D, Li S, Zhang D, Liu L, Fernandez C. Glassy carbon electrode modified with 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane and graphene oxide triggered a synergistic effect: Low-potential amperometric detection of reduced glutathione. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 96:1-7. [PMID: 28448855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive electrochemical sensor based on the synergistic effect of 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and graphene oxide (GO) for low-potential amperometric detection of reduced glutathione (GSH) in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) has been reported. This is the first time that the combination of GO and TCNQ have been successfully employed to construct an electrochemical sensor for the detection of glutathione. The surface of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by a drop casting using TCNQ and GO. Cyclic voltammetric measurements showed that TCNQ and GO triggered a synergistic effect and exhibited an unexpected electrocatalytic activity towards GSH oxidation, compared to GCE modified with only GO, TCNQ or TCNQ/electrochemically reduced GO. Three oxidation waves for GSH were found at -0.05, 0.1 and 0.5V, respectively. Amperometric techniques were employed to detect GSH sensitively using a GCE modified with TCNQ/GO at -0.05V. The electrochemical sensor showed a wide linear range from 0.25 to 124.3μM and 124.3μM to 1.67mM with a limit of detection of 0.15μM. The electroanalytical sensor was successfully applied towards the detection of GSH in an eye drop solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baiqing Yuan
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China.
| | - Chunying Xu
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Renchun Zhang
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Donghui Lv
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Daojun Zhang
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Henan Province Key Laboratory of New Optoelectronic Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Carlos Fernandez
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, United Kingdom.
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11
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Acar Bozkurt P. Sonochemical green synthesis of Ag/graphene nanocomposite. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2017; 35:397-404. [PMID: 27836383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the popularity for green chemistry and chemical process have increased. The approach must comprehensively be considered for these principles in the design of a synthesis method, chemical analysis, or chemical process. Utilization of nontoxic chemicals, environment friendly solvents, and renewable materials are some of the important issues in green synthesis methods. The importance of green synthesis arises in the production of Ag/graphene nanocomposites, due to their future potential applications in nanomedicine and materials engineering. Herein, a simple approach to synthesizing Ag/graphene nanocomposite using sodium citrate as the reducing agent by sonochemical method has been reported. The synthesized Ag/graphene nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The results showed that graphene oxide was successfully reduced to graphene and silver ions to silver nanoparticles with sodium citrate. Spherical Ag nanoparticles with a mean particle size of approximately 20nm on graphene sheets were synthesized sonochemically. The use of sodium citrate as an environment-friendly reducing agent provided green attributes whereas the use of sonochemical processes as the synthesis method provided economic attributes to this study. The results obtained demonstrate this method to be applicable to the synthesis of other metals on graphene sheets and may possibly find various forthcoming medicinal, industrial and technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Acar Bozkurt
- Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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12
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Yu D, Ruan P, Meng Z, Zhou J. The Structure-Dependent Electric Release and Enhanced Oxidation of Drug in Graphene Oxide-Based Nanocarrier Loaded with Anticancer Herbal Drug Berberine. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2489-500. [PMID: 26052932 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current investigation is to explore graphene oxide (GO) special electric and electrochemical properties in modulating and tuning drug delivery in tumor special environment of electrophysiology. The electric-sensitive drug release and redox behavior of GO-bearing berberine (Ber) was studied. Drug release in cell potential was applied in a designed electrode system: tumor environment was simulated at pH 6.2 with 0.1 V pulse voltage, whereas the normal was at pH 7.4 with 0.2 V. Quite different from the pH-depended profile, the electricity-triggered behavior indicated a high correlation with the carriers' structure: GO-based nanocomposite showed a burst release on its special "skin effect," whereas the PEGylated ones released slowly owing to the electroviscous effect of polymer. Cyclic voltammetry was used to investigate the redox behaviors of colloid PEGylated GO toward absorbed Ber in pH 5.8 and 7.2 solutions. After drug loading, the oxidation of Ber was enhanced in a neutral environment, whereas the enhancement of PEG-GO was in an acidic one, which means a possible increased susceptibility of their biotransformation in vivo. The studies designed in this work may help to establish a kind of carrier system for the sensitive delivery and metabolic regulation of drugs according to the different electrophysiological environment in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyuan Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Functional Materials, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Xu C, Zhang L, Liu L, Shi Y, Wang H, Wang X, Wang F, Yuan B, Zhang D. A novel enzyme-free hydrogen peroxide sensor based on polyethylenimine-grafted graphene oxide-Pd particles modified electrode. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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14
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Zhang D, Xu C, Li S, Zhang R, Yan H, Miao H, Fan Y, Yuan B. Electrochemically controlling oxygen functional groups in graphene oxide for the optimization in the electro-catalytic oxidation of dihydroxybenzene isomers and L-methionine. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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15
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Zhang W, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Yang Z, Xiao Q, Guo X, Jing L, Zhao Y, Yan Y, Feng J, Sun K. Insight into the capacitive properties of reduced graphene oxide. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:2248-2254. [PMID: 24456342 DOI: 10.1021/am4057562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Graphene-based materials have been widely used as electrode materials of supercapacitors. However, the intrinsic properties related to the capacitance of graphene-based materials essentially need to be clarified. In this work, we have prepared reduced graphene oxide (RGO) through a simple chemical reduction strategy by using hydrazine hydrate as the reducing reagent. The different reduction levels of graphene sheets were successfully realized by controlling the chemical reduction time, and the surface state and density of the functional group were precisely adjusted. We investigated the electrochemical performance of the as-prepared RGO electrode materials. A time dependence of the specific capacitance for the as-prepared RGO electrode was observed. Graphene oxide reduced by hydrazine hydrate at 95 °C for 60 min exhibited the highest weight specific capacitance. The RGO samples were systematically characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman measurements. We conclude that the oxygen-containing groups, electrical conductivity, density of defects, and carbon electronic state play substantial roles in deciding the specific capacitance of reduced graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Dinesh B, Mani V, Saraswathi R, Chen SM. Direct electrochemistry of cytochrome c immobilized on a graphene oxide–carbon nanotube composite for picomolar detection of hydrogen peroxide. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra02789b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A new bionanocomposite electrode based on cytochrome c immobilized graphene oxide-multiwalled carbon nanotube is used to fabricate a highly selective and sensitive amperometric biosensor for the picomolar level detection of hydrogen peroxide which may find application in bioimaging and healthcare
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Affiliation(s)
- Bose Dinesh
- Department of Materials Science
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625 021, India
| | - Veerappan Mani
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106, Republic of China
| | - Ramiah Saraswathi
- Department of Materials Science
- School of Chemistry
- Madurai Kamaraj University
- Madurai-625 021, India
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106, Republic of China
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17
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Krishnamoorthy K, Kim GS, Kim SJ. Graphene nanosheets: Ultrasound assisted synthesis and characterization. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2013; 20:644-9. [PMID: 23089166 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A facile sonochemical route for the synthesis of graphene nanosheets via reduction of graphene oxide (GO) has been reported. The synthesized graphene sheets are characterized using UV-vis spectra, Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectra, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The UV-vis spectroscopy results showed that the absorption peak was red shifted due to the reduction of GO into graphene. FT-IR and XPS spectra revealed the removal of oxygenated functional groups in graphene after the reduction process. Raman spectra confirmed the restoration of new sp(2) carbon domains in graphene sheets after the reduction. The sonochemical approach for the synthesis of graphene nanosheets is relatively fast, cost-effective and efficient as compared to other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyan Krishnamoorthy
- Nanomaterials and System Lab, Department of Mechanical System Engineering, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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18
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Graphene oxide/nickel oxide modified glassy carbon electrode for supercapacitor and nonenzymatic glucose sensor. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.10.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide films: Preparation, characterization and their electrochemical properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-012-5256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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20
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Preparation of electrochemically reduced graphene oxide-modified electrode and its application for determination of p-aminophenol. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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